COMMUNITY BANCORP /VT 10-Q

ITEM 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited) The following are the unaudited consolidated financial statements for the Company. Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary March 31 December 31, Consolidated Balance Sheets 2023 2022 (Unaudited) Assets Cash and due from banks $ 7,521,058 $ 12,302,771 Federal funds sold and overnight deposits 30,123,942 58,837,557 Total cash and cash equivalents 37,645,000 71,140,328 Securities available-for-sale 192,679,330 192,918,109 Restricted equity securities, at cost 1,436,550 1,411,750 Loans 758,586,712 748,548,608 Allowance for credit losses ( 9,256,170 ) ( 8,709,225 ) Deferred net loan costs 509,611 493,275 Net loans 749,840,153 740,332,658 Bank premises and equipment, net 12,874,462 13,042,468 Accrued interest receivable 3,111,173 3,214,332 Bank owned life insurance 5,173,002 5,153,387 Goodwill 11,574,269 11,574,269 Other assets 16,205,454 17,244,846 Total assets $ 1,030,539,393 $ 1,056,032,147 Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity Liabilities Deposits: Demand, non-interest bearing $ 200,311,094 $ 216,093,534 Interest-bearing transaction accounts 279,977,413 294,050,079 Money market funds 132,554,229 140,117,086 Savings 170,452,633 171,072,921 Time deposits, $ 250,000 and over 16,737,914 15,632,058 Other time deposits 88,511,815 86,006,601 Total deposits 888,545,098 922,972,279 Borrowed funds 1,300,000 1,300,000 Repurchase agreements 38,058,036 33,077,829 Junior subordinated debentures 12,887,000 12,887,000 Accrued interest and other liabilities 10,069,472 10,618,676 Total liabilities 950,859,606 980,855,784 Shareholders' Equity Preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 15 shares issued and outstanding at 03/31/23 and 12/31/22 ($ 100,000 liquidation value, per share) 1,500,000 1,500,000 Common stock - $ 2.50 par value; 15,000,000 shares authorized, 5,665,187 shares issued at 03/31/23 and 5,647,710 shares issued at 12/31/22 14,162,968 14,119,275 Additional paid-in capital 36,659,419 36,383,235 Retained earnings 47,975,176 46,464,447 Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 17,994,999 ) ( 20,667,817 ) Less: treasury stock, at cost; 210,101 shares at 03/31/23 and 12/31/22 ( 2,622,777 ) ( 2,622,777 ) Total shareholders' equity 79,679,787 75,176,363 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 1,030,539,393 $ 1,056,032,147 Book value per common share outstanding $ 14.33 $ 13.55 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. 3 Table of Contents Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary Three Months Ended March 31 Consolidated Statements of Income 2023 2022 (Unaudited) Interest income Interest and fees on loans $ 9,376,025 $ 7,487,200 Interest on taxable debt securities 943,478 656,277 Interest on tax-exempt debt securities 90,658 10,949 Dividends 30,653 16,460 Interest on federal funds sold and overnight deposits 329,411 80,660 Total interest income 10,770,225 8,251,546 Interest expense Interest on deposits 1,844,747 551,959 Interest on borrowed funds 24,520 21,965 Interest on repurchase agreements 132,128 21,040 Interest on junior subordinated debentures 245,465 98,352 Total interest expense 2,246,860 693,316 Net interest income 8,523,365 7,558,230 Provision for credit losses 286,526 862,500 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 8,236,839 6,695,730 Non-interest income Service fees 880,288 862,887 Income from sold loans 107,535 203,842 Other income from loans 428,572 271,260 Other income 342,382 348,440 Total non-interest income 1,758,777 1,686,429 Non-interest expense Salaries and wages 2,288,760 2,040,000 Employee benefits 754,270 772,052 Occupancy expenses, net 770,986 753,364 Other expenses 2,065,686 1,888,172 Total non-interest expense 5,879,702 5,453,588 Income before income taxes 4,115,914 2,928,571 Income tax expense 777,153 523,029 Net income $ 3,338,761 $ 2,405,542 Earnings per common share $ 0.61 $ 0.44 Weighted average number of common shares used in computing earnings per share 5,444,040 5,382,678 Dividends declared per common share $ 0.23 $ 0.23 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. 4 Table of Contents Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31 2023 2022 Net income $ 3,338,761 $ 2,405,542 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities AFS arising during the period 3,383,314 ( 11,069,161 ) Tax effect ( 710,496 ) 2,324,524 Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 2,672,818 ( 8,744,637 ) Total comprehensive income (loss) $ 6,011,579 $ ( 6,339,095 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. 5 Table of Contents Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31 2023 Additional Total Common Preferred paid-in Retained Treasury shareholders' Stock Stock capital earnings AOCI* stock equity January 1, 2023 $ 14,119,275 $ 1,500,000 $ 36,383,235 $ 46,464,447 $ ( 20,667,817 ) $ ( 2,622,777 ) $ 75,176,363 Cumulative change in accounting principle (Note 2) ( 549,113 ) ( 549,113 ) Balance at January 1, 2023 (as adjusted for 45,915,334 74,627,250 Change in accounting principle) Issuance of common stock 43,693 276,184 319,877 Cash dividends declared Common stock ( 1,250,794 ) ( 1,250,794 ) Preferred stock ( 28,125 ) ( 28,125 ) Comprehensive income Net income 3,338,761 3,338,761 Other comprehensive income 2,672,818 2,672,818 March 31, 2023 $ 14,162,968 $ 1,500,000 $ 36,659,419 $ 47,975,176 $ ( 17,994,999 ) $ ( 2,622,777 ) $ 79,679,787 Three Months Ended March 31 2022 Additional Total Common Preferred paid-in Retained Treasury shareholders' Stock Stock capital earnings AOCI* stock equity January 1, 2022 $ 13,969,848 $ 1,500,000 $ 35,322,063 $ 37,758,105 $ ( 1,166,971 ) $ ( 2,622,777 ) $ 84,760,268 Issuance of common stock 35,597 237,086 272,683 Cash dividends declared Common stock ( 1,236,880 ) ( 1,236,880 ) Preferred stock ( 12,188 ) ( 12,188 ) Comprehensive loss Net income 2,405,542 2,405,542 Other comprehensive loss ( 8,744,637 ) ( 8,744,637 ) March 31, 2022 $ 14,005,445 $ 1,500,000 $ 35,559,149 $ 38,914,579 $ ( 9,911,608 ) $ ( 2,622,777 ) $ 77,444,788 *Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. 6 Table of Contents Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) Three Months Ended March 31 2023 2022 Cash Flows from Operating Activities: Net income $ 3,338,761 $ 2,405,542 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization, bank premises and equipment 276,656 285,202 Provision for credit losses 286,526 862,500 Deferred income tax ( 68,835 ) 47,344 Gain on sale of loans ( 29,331 ) ( 102,945 ) Income from CFS Partners ( 252,051 ) ( 225,870 ) Amortization of bond premium, net 66,815 186,967 Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 1,637,381 4,725,711 Originations of loans held for sale ( 1,608,050 ) ( 4,529,766 ) Increase in taxes payable 778,860 408,593 Decrease (increase) in interest receivable 103,159 ( 318,578 ) Decrease (increase) in mortgage servicing rights 23,370 ( 2,374 ) Decrease in right-of-use assets 50,321 49,669 Decrease in operating lease liabilities ( 53,751 ) ( 51,283 ) Increase in other assets ( 72,609 ) ( 173,852 ) Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI ( 19,615 ) ( 20,060 ) Amortization of limited partnerships 67,128 67,092 Change in net deferred loan fees and costs ( 16,336 ) ( 312,318 ) Decrease in interest payable ( 2,485 ) ( 1,332 ) Decrease in accrued expenses ( 1,040,367 ) ( 567,062 ) Increase (decrease) in other liabilities 73,186 ( 24,896 ) Net cash provided by operating activities 3,538,733 2,708,284 Cash Flows from Investing Activities: Investments - AFS Maturities, calls, pay downs and sales 3,555,278 4,434,388 Purchases 0 ( 19,103,623 ) Proceeds from redemption of restricted equity securities 67,800 43,500 Purchases of restricted equity securities ( 92,600 ) 0 Investments in limited liability entities (1,000 ) 0 Increase in loans, net ( 10,074,935 ) ( 6,998,537 ) Capital expenditures net of proceeds from sales of bank premises and equipment ( 158,971 ) ( 70,686 ) Recoveries of loans charged off 132,860 11,780 Net cash used in investing activities ( 6,571,568 ) ( 21,683,178 ) 7 Table of Contents 2023 2022 Cash Flows from Financing Activities: Net decrease in demand and interest-bearing transaction accounts ( 29,855,106 ) ( 12,916,068 ) Net (decrease) increase in money market and savings accounts ( 8,183,145 ) 10,606,091 Net increase in time deposits 3,611,070 210,469 Net increase (decrease) in repurchase agreements 4,980,207 ( 3,865,864 ) Decrease in finance lease obligations ( 54,493 ) ( 52,807 ) Dividends paid on preferred stock ( 28,125 ) ( 12,188 ) Dividends paid on common stock ( 932,901 ) ( 900,893 ) Net cash used in financing activities ( 30,462,493 ) ( 6,931,260 ) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents ( 33,495,328 ) ( 25,906,154 ) Cash and cash equivalents: Beginning 71,140,328 110,358,926 Ending $ 37,645,000 $ 84,452,772 Supplemental Schedule of Cash Paid During the Period: Interest $ 2,249,345 $ 694,648 Supplemental Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities: Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities AFS $ 3,383,314 $ ( 11,069,161 ) Common Shares Dividends Paid: Dividends declared $ 1,250,794 $ 1,236,880 Decrease (increase) in dividends payable attributable to dividends declared 1,984 ( 63,304 ) Dividends reinvested ( 319,877 ) ( 272,683 ) Total dividends paid $ 932,901 $ 900,893 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements. 8 Table of Contents Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation and Certain Definitions Basis of Presentation and Consolidation. The interim consolidated financial statements of Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary are unaudited. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiary, Community National Bank (the Bank), contained herein have been made. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2022 contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain amounts in the 2022 consolidated financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. The reclassification had no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity as previously reported. The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for any other interim period or the full annual period ending December 31, 2023. The Company is considered a “smaller reporting company” under the disclosure rules of the SEC, as amended in 2018. Accordingly, the Company has elected to provide its audited consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for a two year, rather than a three year, period, and provides smaller reporting company scaled disclosures where management deems it appropriate. In addition to the definitions provided elsewhere in this quarterly report, the definitions, acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout this report, including in Part I. “Financial Information” and Part II. “Other Information”, and are intended to aid the reader and provide a reference page when reviewing this report. ABS: Asset backed security FDICIA: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation AFS: Available-for-sale Improvement Act of 1991 Agency MBS: MBS issued by a US government agency FHLBB: Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston or GSE FHLMC: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ACL: Allowance for Credit Losses FOMC: Federal Open Market Committee ALCO: Asset Liability Committee FRB: Federal Reserve Board ALL: Allowance for Loan Losses FRBB: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ASC: Accounting Standards Codification in the United States ASU: Accounting Standards Update GSE: Government sponsored enterprise Bancorp: Community Bancorp. HTM: Held-to-maturity Bank: Community National Bank ICS: Insured Cash Sweeps of the InterFi Network BIC: Borrower-in-Custody IRS: Internal Revenue Service Board: Board of Directors JNE: Jobs for New England BOLI: Bank owned life insurance Jr: Junior bp or bps: Basis point(s) LIBOR London Interbank Offered Rate CDARS: Certificate of Deposit Accounts Registry MBS: Mortgage-backed security Service of the InterFi Network MSRs: Mortgage servicing rights CDs: Certificates of deposit NII: Net interest income CDI: Core deposit intangible OAS: Other amortizing security CECL: Current Expected Credit Loss OBS: Off-balance sheet CFSG: Community Financial Services Group, LLC OCI: Other comprehensive income (loss) CFS Partners: Community Financial Services Partners, OREO: Other real estate owned LLC OTTI: Other-than-temporary impairment CMO Collateralized Mortgage Obligations PMI: Private mortgage insurance Company: Community Bancorp. and Subsidiary PPP: Paycheck Protection Program COVID-19: Coronavirus Disease 2019 RD: USDA Rural Development CRE: Commercial Real Estate SBA: U.S. Small Business Administration DDA or DDAs: Demand Deposit Account(s) SEC: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission DTC: Depository Trust Company SOFR: Secured Overnight Financing Rate DRIP: Dividend Reinvestment Plan TDR: Troubled-debt restructuring Exchange Act: Securities Exchange Act of 1934 USDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board VA: U.S. Veterans Administration FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 9 Table of Contents Note 2. Recent Accounting Developments In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, and has issued subsequent amendments thereto, which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848 , which extended the sunset date of December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2024. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2024. The Company is assessing ASU No. 2020-04 and its impact on the transition away from LIBOR for its Junior Subordinated Debentures due December 15, 2037, the Company’s only financial instruments that utilize LIBOR as a reference rate. That transition will become effective for the Debentures as of the first London banking day after June 30, 2023 (see the Interest Rate Risk and Asset and Liability Management section of the accompanying Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations following these Notes). Accounting Standards Adopted in 2023 The Company has adopted the following accounting standards and has applied them to the Company’s interim consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Prior periods have not been restated as a result of adoption of these accounting standards. ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326) In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . Under the new guidance, which replaces the existing incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses, banks and other lending institutions are required to recognize the full amount of expected credit losses over the life of a loan. The new guidance, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss, or CECL model, requires that expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date that are accounted for at amortized cost be measured and recognized based on historical experience and current and reasonably supportable forecasted conditions to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses over the life of the loans. A modified version of these requirements also applies to debt securities classified as available for sale, which requires that credit losses on those securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than a write-down. The ASU became effective for the Company beginning with the 2023 fiscal year including interim periods. Upon adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2023, a cumulative-effect adjustment of $ 549,113 was recorded as a reduction to retained earnings, with a corresponding adjustment of $ 243,376 increasing the ACL on loans, an adjustment of $ 451,704 , increasing other liabilities for the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures, and an adjustment of $ 145,967 increasing deferred tax assets. There was no allowance recorded for credit losses on AFS debt securities resulting from adoption of this ASU. ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The guidance amends Topic 326 (CECL) to eliminate the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructuring activities by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Specifically, rather than applying TDR recognition and measurement guidance, under the CECL model creditors will determine whether a modification results in a new loan or continuation of existing loan. These amendments are intended to enhance existing disclosure requirements and introduce new requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Additionally, the amendments to Topic 326 require that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination within the vintage disclosures, which requires that an entity disclose the amortized cost basis of financing receivables by credit quality indicator and class of financing receivable by year of origination. The guidance has become effective for the Company beginning with the fiscal year 2023, including interim periods. Adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. Note 3. Earnings per Common Share Earnings per common share amounts are computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock issued during the period (retroactively adjusted for stock splits and stock dividends, if any), including Dividend Reinvestment Plan shares issuable upon reinvestment of dividends declared, and reduced for shares held in treasury. 10 Table of Contents The following tables illustrate the calculation of earnings per common share for the periods presented, as adjusted for the cash dividends declared on the preferred stock: Three Months Ended March 31 2023 2022 Net income, as reported $ 3,338,761 $ 2,405,542 Less: dividends to preferred shareholders 28,125 12,188 Net income available to common shareholders $ 3,310,636 $ 2,393,354 Weighted average number of common shares used in calculating earnings per share 5,444,040 5,382,678 Earnings per common share $ 0.61 $ 0.44 Note 4. Investment Securities Debt securities AFS as of the balance sheet dates consisted of the following: Gross Gross Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cost Gains Losses Value March 31, 2023 U.S. GSE debt securities $ 12,000,000 $ 0 $ 1,300,086 $ 10,699,914 U.S. Government securities 41,328,783 0 2,559,714 38,769,069 Taxable Municipal securities 300,000 0 57,048 242,952 Tax-exempt Municipal securities 12,026,492 154,266 559,646 11,621,112 Agency MBS 132,421,042 54,714 17,999,320 114,476,436 ABS and OAS 2,686,444 0 164,536 2,521,908 CMO 12,223,050 193 272,673 11,950,570 Other investments 2,472,000 0 74,631 2,397,369 Total $ 215,457,811 $ 209,173 $ 22,987,654 $ 192,679,330 December 31, 2022 U.S. GSE debt securities $ 12,000,000 $ 0 $ 1,624,709 $ 10,375,291 U.S. Government securities 41,368,624 0 3,137,035 38,231,589 Taxable Municipal securities 300,000 0 65,142 234,858 Tax-exempt Municipal securities 12,042,410 40,513 759,356 11,323,567 Agency MBS 135,193,097 69,447 20,030,945 115,231,599 ABS and OAS 2,929,740 0 236,134 2,693,606 CMO 12,278,033 581 342,689 11,935,925 Other investments 2,968,000 0 76,326 2,891,674 Total $ 219,079,904 $ 110,541 $ 26,272,336 $ 192,918,109 The Company had investments in Agency MBS exceeding 10 % of stockholders’ equity with a book value of $ 132.4 million and $ 135.2 million, respectively, and a fair value of $ 114.5 million and $ 115.2 million, respectively, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Investments securities pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements consisted of certain U.S. GSE debt securities, Agency MBS, ABS and OAS, and CMO. These repurchase agreements mature daily. The aggregate amortized cost and fair value of these pledged investments as of the balance sheet dates were as follows: Amortized Fair Cost Value March 31, 2023 $ 54,714,154 $ 46,610,309 December 31, 2022 55,899,113 46,789,284 There were no sales of debt securities during the first three months of 2023 or 2022. 11 Table of Contents The scheduled maturities of debt securities as of the balance sheet dates were as follows: Amortized Fair Cost Value March 31, 2023 Due in one year or less $ 7,205,661 $ 7,094,786 Due from one to five years 56,308,526 52,625,845 Due from five to ten years 5,241,640 4,828,976 Due after ten years 14,280,942 13,653,287 Agency MBS 132,421,042 114,476,436 Total $ 215,457,811 $ 192,679,330 December 31, 2022 Due in one year or less $ 1,976,000 $ 1,966,767 Due from one to five years 58,875,224 54,736,949 Due from five to ten years 8,631,626 7,591,761 Due after ten years 14,403,957 13,391,033 Agency MBS 135,193,097 115,231,599 Total $ 219,079,904 $ 192,918,109 Agency MBS are not due at a single maturity date and have not been allocated to maturity groupings for purposes of the maturity table. Debt securities with unrealized losses as of the balance sheet dates are presented in the table below. Less than 12 months 12 months or more Totals Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Number of Fair Unrealized Value Loss Value Loss Securities Value Loss March 31, 2023 U.S. GSE debt securities $ 0 $ 0 $ 10,699,914 $ 1,300,086 11 $ 10,699,914 $ 1,300,086 U.S. Government securities 0 0 38,769,069 2,559,714 54 38,769,069 2,559,714 Taxable Municipal securities 0 0 242,952 57,048 1 242,952 57,048 Tax-exempt Municipal securities 1,536,169 13,862 4,587,518 545,784 13 6,123,687 559,646 Agency MBS 6,599,945 162,379 103,573,217 17,836,941 119 110,173,162 17,999,320 ABS and OAS 1,192,731 61,720 1,329,177 102,816 4 2,521,908 164,536 CMO 9,000,364 179,637 996,979 93,036 9 9,997,343 272,673 Other investments 1,954,018 21,982 443,351 52,649 10 2,397,369 74,631 Total $ 20,283,227 $ 439,580 $ 160,642,177 $ 22,548,074 221 $ 180,925,404 $ 22,987,654 Less than 12 months 12 months or more Totals Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Number of Fair Unrealized Value Loss Value Loss Securities Value Loss December 31, 2022 U.S. GSE debt securities $ 2,723,388 $ 276,611 $ 7,651,903 $ 1,348,098 11 $ 10,375,291 $ 1,624,709 U.S. Government securities 4,837,891 169,501 33,393,698 2,967,534 54 38,231,589 3,137,035 Taxable Municipal securities 0 0 234,858 65,142 1 234,858 65,142 Tax-exempt Municipal securities 8,608,507 522,128 592,388 237,228 19 9,200,895 759,356 Agency MBS 14,541,901 810,356 97,718,436 19,220,589 120 112,260,337 20,030,945 ABS and OAS 2,693,606 236,134 0 0 4 2,693,606 236,134 CMO 8,954,323 232,398 1,014,910 110,291 9 9,969,233 342,689 Other investments 2,451,892 20,108 439,782 56,218 12 2,891,674 76,326 Total $ 44,811,508 $ 2,267,236 $ 141,045,975 $ 24,005,100 230 $ 185,857,483 $ 26,272,336 12 Table of Contents . The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023 which requires credit losses on debt securities AFS to be recorded in an allowance for credit losses and eliminates the concept of OTTI for debt securities AFS. Under the ASU, if the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the credit loss is recorded through an allowance rather than as a write-down of the security. As of March 31, 2023, the Company did not have the intent to sell, nor was it more likely than not that we would be required to sell any of the debt securities AFS in an unrealized loss position prior to recovery. As of March 31, 2023, the Company also determined that no individual debt securities in an unrealized loss position represented credit losses that would require an allowance for credit losses. The Company concluded that the unrealized losses were primarily attributed to increases in market interest rates since these securities were purchased under other market conditions. As of December 31, 2022, the Company believed the unrealized losses on securities AFS were due to market conditions rather than reduced estimated cash flows or deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. At December 31, 2022, the Company did not intend to sell these securities, did not anticipate that these securities will be required to be sold before anticipated recovery, and expected full principal and interest to be collected. Therefore, under the accounting principles pertaining to OTTI analysis then in effect, the Company did not consider the declines in the fair value of these securities to be OTTI as of December 31, 2022. Note 5. Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses and Credit Quality The composition of net loans as of the balance sheet dates was as follows: March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Commercial & industrial $ 118,898,281 15.67 % $ 112,951,873 15.09 % Purchased 6,697,965 0.88 % 7,530,458 1 .00 % Commercial real estate 362,136,416 47.74 % 356,892,986 47.68 % Municipal 36,473,847 4.81 % 34,633,055 4.63 % Residential real estate - 1st lien 199,033,728 26.24 % 198,743,375 26.55 % Residential real estate - Jr lien 31,901,495 4.21 % 33,756,872 4.51 % Consumer 3,444,980 0.45 % 4,039,989 0.54 % Total loans 758,586,712 100 .00 % 748,548,608 100 .00 % ACL ( 9,256,170 ) ( 8,709,225 ) Deferred net loan costs (fees) 509,611 493,275 Net loans $ 749,840,153 $ 740,332,658 Provision for Credit Losses The provision for credit losses was made up of the following components for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 2022 Provision for credit losses on loans 207,540 862,500 Provision for credit losses on OBS credit exposure 78,986 0 Provision for credit losses 286,526 862,500 13 Table of Contents The following tables present the activity in the ACL on loans at adoption of ASU 2016-13 (CECL) on January 1, 2023 and for the first three months of 2023 and select information on impairment evaluation by portfolio segment As of or for the first three months ended March 31, 2023 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Purchased Real Estate Municipal 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total ACL beginning balance $ 1,116,322 $ 53,090 $ 5,061,813 $ 62,339 $ 2,001,836 $ 241,950 $ 69,686 $ 102,189 $ 8,709,225 Impact of adopting CECL ( 164,116 ) ( 29,196 ) ( 22,467 ) 24,244 273,168 297,745 ( 33,813 ) ( 102,189 ) 243,376 Charge-offs ( 11,577 ) 0 0 0 0 0 ( 25,254 ) 0 ( 36,831 ) Recoveries 1,374 0 22,000 0 72,326 25,548 11,612 0 132,860 Provision (credit) 73,635 ( 3,693 ) 124,810 4,602 48,779 ( 48,595 ) 8,002 0 207,540 ACL ending balance $ 1,015,638 $ 20,201 $ 5,186,156 $ 91,185 $ 2,396,109 $ 516,648 $ 30,233 $ 0 $ 9,256,170 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Purchased Real Estate Municipal 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total ACL evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,734 $ 0 $ 2,669 $ 0 $ 0 $ 5,403 Collectively 1,015,638 20,201 5,183,422 91,185 2,393,440 516,648 30,233 9,250,767 Total $ 1,015,638 $ 20,201 $ 5,186,156 $ 91,185 $ 2,396,109 $ 516,648 $ 30,233 $ 9,256,170 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 3,870,954 $ 0 $ 2,913,355 $ 0 $ 1,140,222 $ 39,876 $ 0 $ 7,964,407 Collectively 115,027,327 6,697,965 359,223,061 36,473,847 197,893,506 31,861,619 3,444,980 750,622,305 Total $ 118,898,281 $ 6,697,965 $ 362,136,416 $ 36,473,847 $ 199,033,728 $ 31,901,495 $ 3,444,980 $ 758,586,712 The following tables present activity in the ALL and select loan information on impairment evaluation, by portfolio segment, under the incurred loss methodology, for the periods indicated: As of or for the year ended December 31, 2022 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Purchased Real Estate Municipal 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total ALL beginning balance $ 870,392 $ 68,655 $ 4,151,760 $ 76,728 $ 1,765,892 $ 182,014 $ 55,698 $ 539,117 $ 7,710,256 Charge-offs ( 76,875 ) 0 ( 667,474 ) 0 0 0 ( 63,625 ) 0 ( 807,974 ) Recoveries 14,112 0 667,474 0 111,763 5,089 30,505 0 828,943 Provision (credit) 308,693 ( 15,565 ) 910,053 ( 14,389 ) 124,181 54,847 47,108 ( 436,928 ) 978,000 ALL ending balance $ 1,116,322 $ 53,090 $ 5,061,813 $ 62,339 $ 2,001,836 $ 241,950 $ 69,686 $ 102,189 $ 8,709,225 ALL evaluated for impairment Individually $ 2,322 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 106,280 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 108,602 Collectively 1,114,000 53,090 5,061,813 62,339 1,895,556 241,950 69,686 102,189 8,600,623 Total $ 1,116,322 $ 53,090 $ 5,061,813 $ 62,339 $ 2,001,836 $ 241,950 $ 69,686 $ 102,189 $ 8,709,225 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 3,442,124 $ 0 $ 3,176,835 $ 0 $ 3,816,012 $ 77,416 $ 0 $ 10,512,387 Collectively 109,509,749 7,530,458 353,716,151 34,633,055 194,927,363 33,679,456 4,039,989 738,036,221 Total $ 112,951,873 $ 7,530,458 $ 356,892,986 $ 34,633,055 $ 198,743,375 $ 33,756,872 $ 4,039,989 $ 748,548,608 14 Table of Contents As of or for the three months ended March 31, 2022 Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Purchased Real Estate Municipal 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Unallocated Total ALL beginning balance $ 870,392 $ 68,655 $ 4,151,760 $ 76,728 $ 1,765,892 $ 182,014 $ 55,698 $ 539,117 $ 7,710,256 Charge-offs ( 17,650 ) 0 ( 667,474 ) 0 0 0 ( 8,764 ) 0 ( 693,888 ) Recoveries 0 0 0 0 2,276 1,210 8,294 0 11,780 Provision (credit) 122,927 ( 5,024 ) 1,159,995 10,861 46,289 ( 4,671 ) ( 19,036 ) ( 448,841 ) 862,500 ALL ending balance $ 975,669 $ 63,631 $ 4,644,281 $ 87,589 $ 1,814,457 $ 178,553 $ 36,192 $ 90,276 $ 7,890,648 ALL evaluated for impairment Individually $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 115,614 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 115,614 Collectively 975,669 63,631 4,644,281 87,589 1,698,843 178,553 36,192 90,276 7,775,034 Total $ 975,669 $ 63,631 $ 4,644,281 $ 87,589 $ 1,814,457 $ 178,553 $ 36,192 $ 90,276 $ 7,890,648 Loans evaluated for impairment Individually $ 222,236 $ 0 $ 3,713,169 $ 0 $ 3,910,848 $ 85,691 $ 0 $ 7,931,944 Collectively 112,160,751 9,090,170 304,598,565 48,660,440 177,699,446 32,981,298 3,170,568 688,361,238 Total $ 112,382,987 $ 9,090,170 $ 308,311,734 $ 48,660,440 $ 181,610,294 $ 33,066,989 $ 3,170,568 $ 696,293,182 The following is an age analysis of past due loans (including non-accrual) as of the balance sheet dates, by portfolio segment: 90 Days Total March 31, 2023 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Commercial & industrial $ 0 $ 3,229,266 $ 3,229,266 $ 115,669,015 $ 118,898,281 Purchased 0 0 0 6,697,965 6,697,965 Commercial real estate 1,326,520 565,347 1,891,867 360,244,549 362,136,416 Municipal 0 0 0 36,473,847 36,473,847 Residential real estate - 1st lien 1,291,368 409,273 1,700,641 197,333,087 199,033,728 Residential real estate - Jr lien 160,470 64,883 225,353 31,676,142 31,901,495 Consumer 17,689 0 17,689 3,427,291 3,444,980 Totals $ 2,796,047 $ 4,268,769 $ 7,064,816 $ 751,521,896 $ 758,586,712 90 Days Total December 31, 2022 30-89 Days or More Past Due Current Total Loans Commercial & industrial $ 2,377,668 $ 879,802 $ 3,257,470 $ 109,694,403 $ 112,951,873 Purchased 0 0 0 7,530,458 7,530,458 Commercial real estate 1,395,444 353,842 1,749,286 355,143,700 356,892,986 Municipal 0 0 0 34,633,055 34,633,055 Residential real estate - 1st lien 1,517,653 641,141 2,158,794 196,584,581 198,743,375 Residential real estate - Jr lien 321,579 25,007 346,586 33,410,286 33,756,872 Consumer 18,745 0 18,745 4,021,244 4,039,989 Totals $ 5,631,089 $ 1,899,792 $ 7,530,881 $ 741,017,727 $ 748,548,608 For all loan segments, loans over 30 days past due are considered delinquent. 15 Table of Contents The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as of the dates presented: 90 Days or Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Total More and March 31, 2023 with an ACL with No ACL Nonaccrual Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 0 $ 3,875,801 $ 3,875,801 $ 0 Purchased 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 692,600 2,369,614 3,062,214 0 Municipal 0 0 0 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 167,159 1,246,617 1,413,776 175,981 Residential real estate - Jr lien 0 128,563 128,563 0 Consumer 0 0 0 0 Totals $ 859,759 $ 7,620,595 $ 8,480,354 $ 175,981 90 Days or Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Total More and December 31, 2022 with an ALL with No ALL Nonaccrual Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 452,963 $ 2,989,161 $ 3,442,124 $ 0 Purchased 0 0 0 0 Commercial real estate 0 3,180,478 3,180,478 324,927 Municipal 0 0 0 0 Residential real estate - 1st lien 278,026 858,304 1,136,330 248,157 Residential real estate - Jr lien 0 131,088 131,088 0 Consumer 0 0 0 0 Totals $ 730,989 $ 7,159,031 $ 7,890,020 $ 573,084 As of March 31, 2023, there were no loans in process of foreclosure, compared to 5 loans with an aggregate balance of $ 195,082 at December 31, 2022. Allowance for credit losses The ACL is established through a provision for credit losses charged to earnings. Credit losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that future payments of a loan balance are unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Unsecured loans are charged off when they become uncollectible and no later than 120 days past due. Unsecured loans to customers who subsequently file bankruptcy are charged off within 30 days of receipt of the notification of filing or by the end of the month in which the loans become 120 days past due, whichever occurs first. For secured loans, both residential and commercial, the potential loss on impaired loans is carried as a loan loss reserve specific allocation; the loss portion is charged off when collection of the full loan appears unlikely. The unsecured portion of a real estate loan is that portion of the loan exceeding the "fair value" of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Value of the collateral is determined in accordance with the Company’s appraisal policy. The unsecured portion of an impaired real estate secured loan is charged off by the end of the month in which the loan becomes 180 days past due. As described below, the allowance consists of general and specific components. However, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses in the loan portfolio, regardless of general or specific components considered in determining the amount of the allowance. General component The general component of the ACL is based on methodologies, inputs, and assumptions utilized to estimate lifetime credit losses when applied to the following loan segments: commercial and industrial, purchased loans, CRE, municipal, residential real estate 1st lien, residential real estate Jr lien and consumer loans. The Company does not disaggregate its portfolio segments further into classes. 16 Table of Contents The Company utilizes a discounted cash flow (DCF) approach to calculate the expected loss for each portfolio segment. Within the DCF model, a probability of default (PD) and loss given default (LGD) assumption is applied to calculate the expected loss for each segment. PD is the probability the asset will default within a given timeframe and LGD is the percentage of assets not expected to be collected due to default. The Company's PD and LGD assumptions may be derived from internal historical default and loss experience or from external data where there are not statistically meaningful loss events for a loan segment or it does not have default and loss data that covers a full economic cycle. As of March 31, 2023, the primary macroeconomic drivers used within the DCF model included forecasts of Civilian unemployment and changes in National gross domestic product (GDP). Management monitors and assesses its macroeconomic drivers at least annually (generally in the fourth quarter) to determine if or that they continue to be the most predictive indicator of losses within the Company's loan portfolio, and these macroeconomic drivers may change from time to time. To determine its reasonable and supportable forecast, management may leverage macroeconomic forecasts obtained from various reputable sources, which may include, but is not limited to, the FOMC forecast and other publicly available forecasts from well recognized, leading economists or firms. The Company's reasonable and supportable forecast period generally ranges from one to three years, depending on the facts and circumstances of the current state of the economy, portfolio segment, and management's judgment of what can be reasonably supported. The model reversion period generally ranges from one to six years, and it also depends on the current state of the economy and management's judgments of such. Management monitors and assesses the forecast and reversion period at least annually. The Company used a one-year forecast and reversion period to calculate the ACL on loans as of March 31, 2023. When the DCF method is used to determine the ACL, management does not adjust the effective interest rate used to discount expected cash flows to incorporate expected prepayments. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans. For term loans, the contractual life is calculated based on the maturity date. For commercial revolving loans with no stated maturity date, the contractual life is calculated based on the internal review date. For all other revolving loans, the contractual life is based on either the estimated maturity date or a default date. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications. In calculating the ACL on loans, the contractual life of a loan must be adjusted for prepayments to arrive at expected cash flows. The Company models term loans using an annualized prepayment. When the Company has a specific expectation of differing payment behavior for a given loan, the loan may be evaluated individually. For revolving loans that do not have a principal payment schedule, a curtailment rate is factored into the cash flow. Management has elected loss rate methodologies appropriate for each loan segment. The DCF method was chosen for the commercial and industrial, CRE, residential real estate 1 st lien, residential real estate Jr Lien and consumer loans. The DCF model, being periodic in nature, allows for effective incorporation of a reasonable and supportable forecast in a directionally consistent and objective manner. For the purchased loans segment, a long-term average loss rate is calculated and applied on a quarterly basis for the remaining life of the pool. Due to the lack of any historical loss data, a manual entry methodology was chosen for the municipal loans given the immaterial nature of the pool when considering prior loss history as well as the inability to reasonably forecast defaults or loss given default for the pool. Qualitative factors are also applied to include the levels of and trends in delinquencies and non-performing loans, levels of and trends in loan risk groups, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of any changes in loan related policies, experience, ability and the depth of management, documentation and credit data exception levels, national and local economic trends, external factors such as competition and regulation and lastly, concentrations of credit risk in a variety of areas, including portfolio product mix, the level of loans to individual borrowers and their related interests, loans to industry segments, and the geographic distribution of CRE loans. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to revision as more information becomes available. The qualitative factors are determined based on the various risk characteristics of each loan segment. The Company has policies, procedures and internal controls that management believes are commensurate with the risk profile of each of these segments. Major risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows: Commercial & Industrial – Loans in this segment include commercial and industrial loans and to a lesser extent loans to finance agricultural production. Commercial loans are made to businesses and are generally secured by assets of the business, including trade assets and equipment. While not the primary collateral, in many cases these loans may also be secured by the real estate of the business. Repayment is expected from the cash flows of the business. A weakened economy, soft consumer spending, unfavorable foreign trade conditions and the rising cost of labor or raw materials are examples of issues that can impact the credit quality in this segment. Purchased – Loans in this segment are loans purchased through a loan purchasing program with Bankers Healthcare Group (BHG). BHG originates commercial loans to medical professionals nationwide and sells them individually to a secondary market, primarily banks, through a bid process. The Bank has established conservative credit parameters and expects a low risk of default in this portfolio. 17 Table of Contents Commercial Real Estate – Loans in this segment are principally made to businesses and are generally secured by either owner-occupied, or non-owner occupied CRE. A relatively small portion of this segment includes farm loans secured by farm land and buildings. As with commercial and industrial loans, repayment of owner-occupied CRE loans is expected from the cash flows of the business and the segment would be impacted by the same risk factors as commercial and industrial loans. The non-owner occupied CRE portion includes both residential and commercial construction loans, vacant land and real estate development loans, multi-family dwelling loans and commercial rental property loans. Repayment of construction loans is expected from permanent financing takeout; the Company generally requires a commitment or eligibility for the take-out financing prior to construction loan origination. Real estate development loans are generally repaid from the sale of the subject real property as the project progresses. Construction and development lending entail additional risks, including the project exceeding budget, not being constructed according to plans, not receiving permits, or the pre-leasing or occupancy rate not meeting expectations. Repayment of multi-family loans and commercial rental property loans is expected from the cash flow generated by rental payments received from the individuals or businesses occupying the real estate. CRE loans are impacted by factors such as competitive market forces, vacancy rates, cap rates, net operating incomes, lease renewals and overall economic demand. In addition, loans in the recreational and tourism sector can be affected by weather conditions, such as unseasonably low winter snowfalls. CRE lending also carries a higher degree of environmental risk than other real estate lending. Municipal – Loans in this segment are made to local municipalities, attributable to municipal financing transactions and backed by the full faith and credit of town governments or dedicated governmental revenue sources, with no historical losses recognized by the Company. Qualitative factors are not utilized in the manual entry method for municipal loans. Residential Real Estate - 1 st Lien – Loans in this segment are collateralized by first mortgages on 1 – 4 family owner-occupied residential real estate and repayment is dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment. Residential Real Estate – Jr Lien – Loans in this segment are collateralized by junior lien mortgages on 1 – 4 family residential real estate and repayment is primarily dependent on the credit quality of the individual borrower. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment. Consumer – Loans in this segment are made to individuals for consumer and household purposes. This segment includes both loans secured by automobiles and other consumer goods, as well as loans that are unsecured. This segment also includes overdrafts, which are extensions of credit made to both individuals and businesses to cover temporary shortages in their deposit accounts and are generally unsecured. The Company maintains policies restricting the size and term of these extensions of credit. The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment. Specific component Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. In general, loans individually evaluated for estimated credit losses include those (i) greater than $ 100,000 and that are on nonaccrual or (ii) have other unique characteristics differing from the portfolio segment. Specific reserves are established when appropriate for such loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows of the loan. However, when management determines that foreclosure is probable or when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer loans for impairment evaluation. Allowance for loan losses (prior to adoption of CECL) Please refer to Note 4 to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on 10-K for the description on disclosure of the ALL in periods prior to adoption of CECL. 18 Table of Contents The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans as of March 31, 2023 by collateral type: Business Commercial Residential Assets (1) Real Estate Real Estate Total Commercial $ 1,777,018 $ 1,777,018 Commercial real estate 776,329 776,329 Residential real estate - 1st lien 326,922 326,922 Total collateral-dependent loans $ 1,777,018 $ 776,329 $ 326,922 $ 2,880,268 (1) Including, but not limited to, inventory, equipment and accounts receivable. Impaired loans, by portfolio segment, prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02 (Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures), were as follows: As of December 31, 2022 Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Investment(1) Balance Allowance Related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial $ 452,963 $ 462,745 $ 2,322 Residential real estate – 1st lien 1,041,730 1,073,350 106,280 Total with related allowance 1,494,693 1,536,095 108,602 No related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 2,989,161 3,078,769 Commercial real estate 3,176,962 3,671,196 Residential real estate - 1st lien 2,785,669 3,805,682 Residential real estate - Jr lien 77,419 126,250 Total with no related allowance 9,029,211 10,681,897 Total impaired loans $ 10,523,904 $ 12,217,992 $ 108,602 (1) Recorded investment in impaired loans in the table above includes accrued interest receivable and deferred net loan costs of $ 11,517 . As of March 31, 2022 Unpaid Recorded Principal Related Investment(1) Balance Allowance Related allowance recorded Residential real estate - 1st lien $ 1,113,112 $ 1,129,082 $ 115,614 Total with related allowance 1,113,112 1,129,082 115,614 No related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 222,236 261,011 Commercial real estate 3,713,309 4,861,145 Residential real estate - 1st lien 2,836,069 3,845,577 Residential real estate - Jr lien 85,697 131,069 Total with no related allowance 6,857,311 9,098,802 Total impaired loans $ 7,970,423 $ 10,227,884 $ 115,614 (1 ) Recorded investment in impaired loans in the table above includes accrued interest receivable of $ 38,479 . 19 Table of Contents As of March 31, 2022 Three Months Ended Average Interest Recorded Income Investment Recognized Related allowance recorded Residential real estate - 1st lien $ 907,849 $ 14,387 Residential real estate - Jr lien 0 51 Total with related allowance 907,849 14,438 No related allowance recorded Commercial & industrial 157,799 204 Commercial real estate 4,133,691 1,670 Residential real estate - 1st lien 2,943,358 42,714 Residential real estate - Jr lien 87,133 37 Total with no related allowance 7,321,981 44,625 Total impaired loans $ 8,229,830 $ 59,063 For all loan segments, the accrual of interest is discontinued when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when the loan is delinquent 90 days and management believes, after considering collection efforts and other factors, that the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is considered by management to be doubtful. Any unpaid interest previously accrued on those loans is reversed from income. Interest income is generally not recognized on specific impaired loans unless the likelihood of further loss is considered by management to be remote. Interest payments received on impaired loans are generally applied as a reduction of the loan principal balance. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and a satisfactory payment performance of six or more months has occurred. Credit Quality Grouping In developing the ACL, management uses credit quality groupings to help evaluate trends in credit quality. The Company groups credit risk into Groups A, B and C. The manner the Company utilizes to assign risk grouping is driven by loan purpose. Commercial purpose loans are individually risk graded while the retail portion of the portfolio is generally grouped by delinquency pool. Group A loans - Pass – are loans that are expected to perform as agreed under their respective terms. Such loans carry a normal level of risk that does not require management attention beyond that warranted by the loan or loan relationship characteristics, such as loan size or relationship size. Group A loans include commercial purpose loans that are individually risk rated, including purchased and retail loans that are rated by pool. Group A retail loans include performing consumer and residential real estate loans. Residential real estate loans are loans to individuals secured by 1-4 family homes, including first mortgages, home equity and home improvement loans. Loan balances fully secured by deposit accounts or that are fully guaranteed by the federal government are considered acceptable risk. Group B loans – Special Mention - are loans that require greater attention than the acceptable risk loans in Group A. Characteristics of such loans may include, but are not limited to, borrowers that are experiencing negative operating trends such as reduced sales or margins, borrowers that have exposure to adverse market conditions such as increased competition or regulatory burden, or borrowers that have had unexpected or adverse changes in management. These loans have a greater likelihood of migrating to an unacceptable risk level if these characteristics are left unchecked. Group B is limited to commercial purpose loans that are individually risk rated. Group C loans – Substandard/Doubtful – are loans that have distinct shortcomings that require a greater degree of management attention. Examples of these shortcomings include a borrower's inadequate capacity to service debt, poor operating performance, or insolvency. These loans are more likely to result in repayment through collateral liquidation. Group C loans range from those that are likely to sustain some loss if the shortcomings are not corrected, to those for which loss is imminent and non-accrual treatment is warranted. Group C loans include individually rated commercial purpose loans and retail loans adversely rated in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification Policy. Group C retail loans include 1-4 family residential real estate loans and home equity loans past due 90 days or more with loan-to-value ratios greater than 60%, home equity loans 90 days or more past due where the Bank does not hold first mortgage, irrespective of loan-to-value, loans in bankruptcy where repayment is likely but not yet established, and lastly consumer loans that are 90 days or more past due. 20 Table of Contents Commercial purpose loan ratings are assigned by the commercial account officer; for larger and more complex commercial loans, the credit rating is a collaborative assignment by the lender and the credit analyst. The credit risk rating is based on the borrower's expected performance, i.e., the likelihood that the borrower will be able to service its obligations in accordance with the loan terms. Credit risk ratings are meant to measure risk versus simply record history. Assessment of expected future payment performance requires consideration of numerous factors. While past performance is part of the overall evaluation, expected performance is based on an analysis of the borrower's financial strength, and historical and projected factors such as size and financing alternatives, capacity and cash flow, balance sheet and income statement trends, the quality and timeliness of financial reporting, and the quality of the borrower’s management. Other factors influencing the credit risk rating to a lesser degree include collateral coverage and control, guarantor strength and commitment, documentation, structure and covenants and industry conditions. There are uncertainties inherent in this process. Credit risk ratings are dynamic and require updating whenever relevant information is received. Risk ratings are assessed on an ongoing basis and at various points, including at delinquency or at the time of other adverse events. For larger, more complex or adversely rated loans, risk ratings are also assessed at the time of annual or periodic review. Lenders are required to make immediate disclosure to the Chief Lending Officer of any known increase in loan risk, even if considered temporary in nature. The risk ratings within the loan portfolio and current period gross charge-offs, by loan segment and origination year, as of March 31, 2023 were as follows: As of March 31, 2023 Revolving Revolving (In thousands) Loans Loans Amortized Converted 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Cost Basis to Term Total Commercial: Pass $ 5,305 $ 23,235 $ 16,023 $ 3,648 $ 5,225 $ 6,797 $ 46,878 $ 0 $ 107,111 Special mention 0 134 959 248 0 68 5,627 0 7,036 Substandard/Doubtful 0 398 0 277 307 1,549 2,220 0 4,751 Total commercial $ 5,305 $ 23,767 $ 16,982 $ 4,173 $ 5,532 $ 8,414 $ 54,725 $ 0 $ 118,898 Current period gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 12 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 12 Purchased: Pass $ 169 $ 103 $ 1,990 $ 1,707 $ 2,729 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 6,698 Total purchased $ 169 $ 103 $ 1,990 $ 1,707 $ 2,729 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 6,698 Commercial Real Estate: Pass $ 10,897 $ 94,652 $ 40,651 $ 51,252 $ 36,336 $ 96,120 $ 22,309 $ 0 $ 352,217 Special mention 0 383 1,512 0 0 1,616 0 0 3,511 Substandard/Doubtful 0 0 0 1,675 1,422 2,524 788 0 6,409 Total commercial real estate $ 10,897 $ 95,035 $ 42,163 $ 52,927 $ 37,758 $ 100,260 $ 23,097 $ 0 $ 362,137 Municipal: Pass $ 3,514 $ 10,020 $ 3,598 $ 5,332 $ 682 $ 11,766 $ 1,562 $ 0 $ 36,474 Total municipal $ 3,514 $ 10,020 $ 3,598 $ 5,332 $ 682 $ 11,766 $ 1,562 $ 0 $ 36,474 Residential real estate - 1st lien: Pass $ 6,828 $ 40,869 $ 44,113 $ 34,995 $ 11,024 $ 57,324 $ 1,445 $ 0 $ 196,598 Substandard/Doubtful 0 0 0 1,867 42 527 0 0 2,436 Total residential real estate - 1st lien $ 6,828 $ 40,869 $ 44,113 $ 36,862 $ 11,066 $ 57,851 $ 1,445 $ 0 $ 199,034 Residential real estate - Jr lien: Pass $ 77 $ 2,024 $ 420 $ 638 $ 689 $ 1,356 $ 24,869 $ 1,794 $ 31,867 Substandard/Doubtful 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 34 Total residential real estate - Jr lien $ 77 $ 2,024 $ 420 $ 638 $ 689 $ 1,390 $ 24,869 $ 1,794 $ 31,901 Consumer Pass $ 697 $ 1,362 $ 656 $ 395 $ 208 $ 127 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,445 Total consumer $ 697 $ 1,362 $ 656 $ 395 $ 208 $ 127 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,445 Current period gross charge-offs $ 0 $ 8 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 17 $ 0 $ 0 $ 25 Total Loans $ 27,487 $ 173,180 $ 109,922 $ 102,034 $ 58,664 $ 179,808 $ 105,698 $ 1,794 $ 758,587 There were no current period gross charge-offs within the Purchased, CRE, Municipal, Residential real estate 1st lien and Residential real estate Jr lien loan segments. There were no Special mention loans within the Residential real estate 1st lien or Jr lien loan segments. There were no Special mention or Substandard/Doubtful loans within the Purchased, Municipal and Consumer loan segments. 21 Table of Contents Before the adoption of ASC 326 (CECL), the risk ratings within the loan portfolio, by segment, as of December 31, 2022 were as follows: Residential Residential Commercial Commercial Real Estate Real Estate & Industrial Purchased Real Estate Municipal 1st Lien Jr Lien Consumer Total Group A $ 104,697,047 $ 7,530,458 $ 347,732,935 $ 34,633,055 $ 195,269,893 $ 33,538,767 $ 4,039,989 $ 727,442,144 Group B 6,296,411 0 2,754,649 0 0 0 0 9,051,060 Group C 1,958,415 0 6,405,402 0 3,473,482 218,105 0 12,055,404 Total $ 112,951,873 $ 7,530,458 $ 356,892,986 $ 34,633,055 $ 198,743,375 $ 33,756,872 $ 4,039,989 $ 748,548,608 Modifications of Loans A loan is considered modified if, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The Company is deemed to have granted such a concession if it has modified a loan in any of the following ways: · Reduced accrued interest; · Reduced the original contractual interest rate to a rate that is below the current market rate for the borrower; · Converted a variable-rate loan to a fixed-rate loan; · Extended the term of the loan beyond an insignificant delay; · Deferred or forgiven principal in an amount greater than three months of payments; · Performed a refinancing and deferred or forgiven principal on the original loan; · Capitalized protective advance to pay delinquent real estate taxes; or · Capitalized delinquent accrued interest. An insignificant delay or insignificant shortfall in the amount of payments typically would not require the loan to be accounted for as modified. However, pursuant to regulatory guidance, any payment delay longer than three months is generally not considered insignificant. Management’s assessment of whether a concession has been granted also takes into account payments expected to be received from third parties, including third-party guarantors, provided that the third party has the ability to perform on the guarantee. The Company’s modified loans are principally a result of extending loan repayment terms to relieve cash flow difficulties. The Company has only, on a limited basis, reduced interest rates for borrowers below the current market rate for the borrower. The Company has not forgiven principal or reduced accrued interest within the terms of original restructurings, nor has it converted variable rate terms to fixed rate terms. However, the Company evaluates each potential loan modification on its own merits and does not foreclose the granting of any particular type of concession. There were no new loan modifications for the first three months of 2023. Prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02, new TDRs, by portfolio segment, during the periods presented below were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Residential real estate – 1st lien 2 $ 562,592 $ 562,592 22 Table of Contents Three months ended March 31, 2022 Pre- Post- Modification Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Contracts Investment Investment Residential real estate – 1st lien 1 $ 292,592 $ 292,592 There were no TDRs for which there was a payment default during the twelve month period ended December 31, 2022. The TDRs for which there was a payment default during the twelve month periods presented below were as follows: For the twelve months ended March 31, 2022 Number of Recorded Contracts Investment Commercial real estate 2 $ 2,422,965 Prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02, TDRs were treated as other impaired loans and carried individual specific reserves with respect to the calculation of the ALL. These loans were categorized as non-performing, may have been past due, and were generally adversely risk rated. The TDRs that had defaulted under their restructured terms were generally in collection status and their ALL reserve was typically calculated using the fair value of collateral method. Prior to adoption of ASU 2022-02, the specific allowances within the ALL related to TDRs as of December 31, 2022 totaled $ 106,280 . As of the balance sheet dates, the Company evaluates whether it is contractually committed to lend additional funds to debtors with impaired, non-accrual or modified loans. The Company is contractually committed to lend on one SBA guaranteed line of credit to a borrower whose lending relationship was previously modified. OBS Credit Exposures: In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into commitments to extend credit, including commercial letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded as loans when they are funded. Allowance for Credit Losses on OBS Credit Exposures: The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The ACL on OBS credit exposures is adjusted through credit loss expense. To appropriately measure expected credit losses, management disaggregates the loan portfolio into similar risk characteristics, identical to those determined for the loan portfolio. An estimated funding rate is then applied to the qualifying unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit using the Company's own historical experience to estimate the expected funded amount for each loan segment as of the reporting date. Once the expected funded amount for each loan segment is determined, the loss rate, which is the calculated expected loan loss as a percent of the amortized cost basis for each loan segment, is applied to calculate the ACL on OBS credit exposures as of the reporting date. The ACL on OBS credit exposures is presented within accrued interest and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Note 6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets As a result of a merger with LyndonBank on December 31, 2007, the Company recorded goodwill amounting to $ 11,574,269 . The goodwill is not amortizable and is not deductible for tax purposes. As of December 31, 2022, the most recent evaluation, management concluded that no impairment existed. Management evaluates its goodwill intangible for impairment at least annually, or more frequently as circumstances warrant. 23 Table of Contents Note 7. Fair Value Certain assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value to provide additional insight into the Company’s quality of earnings and comprehensive income. The fair values of some of these assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis while others are measured on a non-recurring basis, with the determination based upon applicable existing accounting pronouncements. For example, securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets, such as MSRs, loans held-for-sale, impaired loans, and OREO are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis using the lower of cost or market methodology to determine impairment of individual assets. The Company groups assets and liabilities which are recorded at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement (with Level 1 considered highest and Level 3 considered lowest). A brief description of each level follows. Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government debt securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets. Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes MSRs, collateral-dependent impaired loans and OREO. Level 3 Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value measurements: Debt Securities AFS: Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices for similar assets, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using matrix pricing models, or other model-based valuation techniques requiring observable inputs other than quoted prices such as yield curves, prepayment speeds and default rates, net of any related credit allowance. Level 1 securities would include U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. Level 2 securities include federal agency securities, municipal securities and other asset-backed securities. Individually analyzed loans: Individually analyzed loans are reported based on one of three measures: the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; the loan’s observable market price; or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the fair value is less than an impaired loan’s recorded investment, an impairment loss is recognized as part of the ACL. Accordingly, certain individually analyzed loans may be subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Management has estimated the fair values of collateral-dependent loans using Level 2 inputs, such as the fair value of collateral based on independent third-party appraisals. Loans held-for-sale: The fair value of loans held-for-sale is based upon an actual purchase and sale agreement between the Company and an independent market participant. The sale is executed within a reasonable period following quarter end at the stated fair value. MSRs: MSRs represent the value associated with servicing residential mortgage loans. Servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported using the amortization method and compared to fair value for impairment. In evaluating the carrying values of MSRs, the Company obtains third party valuations based on loan level data including note rate, and the type and term of the underlying loans. The Company classifies MSRs as non-recurring Level 2. 24 Table of Contents Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the dates presented, segregated by fair value hierarchy, are summarized below. There were no Level 3 assets or liabilities measured on a recurring basis as of the balance sheet dates presented, nor were there any transfers of assets between Levels during either of the periods presented for 2023 or 2022. March 31, December 31, Assets: (market approach) 2023 2022 Level 1 U.S. Government securities $ 38,769,069 $ 38,231,589 Level 2 U.S. GSE debt securities $ 10,699,914 $ 10,375,291 Taxable Municipal securities 242,952 234,858 Tax-exempt Municipal securities 11,621,112 11,323,567 Agency MBS 114,476,436 115,231,599 ABS and OAS 2,521,908 2,693,606 CMO 11,950,570 11,935,925 Other investments 2,397,369 2,891,674 Level 2 Total $ 153,910,261 $ 154,686,520 Grand Total $ 192,679,330 $ 192,918,109 Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis The following table includes assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis that have had a fair value adjustment since their initial recognition. Individually analyzed loans measured at fair value only include those loans with a partial write-down or with a related specific ACL and are presented net of the specific allowances as disclosed in Note 5. Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and reflected in the consolidated balance sheets at the dates presented, segregated by fair value hierarchy level, are summarized below. There were no Level 1 or Level 3 assets or liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis as of the balance sheet dates presented, nor were there any transfers of assets between levels during either of the periods presented for 2023 or 2022. March 31, December 31, Level 2 2023 2022 Assets: (market approach) Individually analyzed loans, net of related allowance $ 0 $ 94,458 MSRs (1) 839,223 862,593 (1) Represents MSRs at lower of cost or fair value. FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments”, requires disclosures of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, if the fair values can be reasonably determined. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques using observable inputs when available. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company. 25 Table of Contents The estimated fair values of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit were immaterial as of the dates presented in the tables below. The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments as of the balance sheet dates were as follows: March 31, 2023 Fair Fair Fair Fair Carrying Value Value Value Value Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (Dollars in Thousands) Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 37,645 $ 37,645 $ 0 $ 0 $ 37,645 Debt securities AFS 192,679 38,769 153,910 0 192,679 Restricted equity securities 1,437 0 1,437 0 1,437 Loans and loans held-for-sale, net of ACL Commercial & industrial 117,856 0 0 115,447 115,447 Purchased 6,678 0 0 6,279 6,279 Commercial real estate 356,913 0 0 338,459 338,459 Municipal 36,383 0 0 34,231 34,231 Residential real estate - 1st lien 197,211 0 0 180,754 180,754 Residential real estate - Jr lien 31,384 0 0 31,050 31,050 Consumer 3,415 0 0 3,408 3,408 MSRs (1) 839 0 1,307 0 1,307 Accrued interest receivable 3,111 0 3,111 0 3,111 Financial liabilities: Deposits Other deposits 888,296 0 885,157 0 885,157 Brokered deposits 249 0 228 0 228 Long-term borrowings 1,300 0 1,044 0 1,044 Repurchase agreements 38,058 0 38,058 0 38,058 Operating lease obligations 605 0 605 0 605 Finance lease obligations 3,590 0 3,590 0 3,590 Subordinated debentures 12,887 0 12,711 0 12,711 Accrued interest payable 72 0 72 0 72 (1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company, regardless of carrying amount. 26 Table of Contents December 31, 2022 Fair Fair Fair Fair Carrying Value Value Value Value Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total (Dollars in Thousands) Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 71,140 $ 71,140 $ 0 $ 0 $ 71,140 Debt securities AFS 192,918 38,232 154,686 0 192,918 Restricted equity securities 1,412 0 1,412 0 1,412 Loans and loans held-for-sale, net of ACL Commercial & industrial 111,792 0 0 109,534 109,534 Purchased 7,476 0 0 7,119 7,119 Commercial real estate 351,738 0 29 340,254 340,283 Municipal 34,566 0 0 34,558 34,558 Residential real estate - 1st lien 197,281 0 65 180,879 180,944 Residential real estate - Jr lien 33,510 0 0 33,218 33,218 Consumer 3,970 0 0 3,949 3,949 MSRs (1) 863 0 1,287 0 1,287 Accrued interest receivable 3,214 0 3,214 0 3,214 Financial liabilities: Deposits Other deposits 922,723 0 918,882 0 918,882 Brokered deposits 249 0 225 0 225 Long-term borrowings 1,300 0 1,025 0 1,025 Repurchase agreements 33,078 0 33,078 0 33,078 Operating lease obligations 658 0 658 0 658 Finance lease obligations 3,645 0 3,645 0 3,645 Subordinated debentures 12,887 0 12,740 0 12,740 Accrued interest payable 74 0 74 0 74 (1) Reported fair value represents all MSRs for loans serviced by the Company, regardless of carrying amount. Note 8. Loan Servicing The following table shows the changes in the carrying amount of the MSRs, included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets, for the periods indicated: Three Months Ended Year Ended March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Balance at beginning of year $ 862,593 $ 897,720 MSRs capitalized 15,814 120,629 MSRs amortized ( 39,184 ) ( 155,756 ) Change in valuation allowance 0 0 Balance at end of period $ 839,223 $ 862,593 Note 9. Legal Proceedings In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in litigation that is considered incidental to its business. Management does not expect that any such litigation will be material to the Company's consolidated financial condition or results of operations. Note 10. Subsequent Events The Company has evaluated events and transactions through the date that the financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure in these financial statements, as required by GAAP. On March 15, 2023, the Company’s Board declared a cash dividend of $ 0.23 per common share, payable May 1, 2023 to shareholders of record as of April 15, 2023. This dividend has been recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of the declaration date, including shares issuable under the DRIP. 27 Table of Contents