Item 1A. Risk Factors
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
We are exposed to a variety of risks, some of which are inherent to the financial services industry and others of which are more specific to our businesses. The discussion below
addresses material factors, of which we are currently aware, that could have a material and adverse effect on our businesses, results of operations, and financial condition. Moreover, some of the factors, events and contingencies discussed below
may have occurred in the past, but the disclosures below are not representations as to whether or not the factors, events or contingencies have occurred in the past, and instead reflect our beliefs and opinions as to the factors, events, or
contingencies that could materially and adversely affect us in the future. These risk factors and other forward-looking statements that relate to future events, expectations, trends and operating periods involve certain factors that are subject
to change, and important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. These risks and uncertainties should not be considered a complete discussion of all the risks and uncertainties that we might face. Although
the risks are organized by headings and each risk is discussed separately, many are interrelated.
Risks Relating to Our Business
The macroeconomic environment could pose significant challenges for the Company and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Inflation poses risk to the economy overall and could indirectly pose challenges to our clients and to our business. Elevated inflation can impact our business customers through loss of purchasing
power for their customers, leading to lower sales. Rising inflation can also increase input and inventory costs for our customers, forcing them to raise their prices or lower their profitability. Supply chain disruption, also leading to
inflation, can delay our customers’ shipping ability, or timing on receiving inputs for their production or inventory. Inflation can lead to higher wages for our commercial customers, increasing costs. All of these inflationary risks for our
commercial customer base can be financially detrimental, leading to increased likelihood that the customer may default on a loan.
For example, sustained inflationary pressure led the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates seven times in 2022, and four times in 2023, which increased our interest rate risk. Analysts
have been monitoring the level of uninsured deposits in banks due to the liquidity risk associated with high levels of uninsured deposits. To the extent such conditions exist or worsen, we could experience adverse
effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Additionally, financial markets may be adversely affected by the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, including hostilities between Russia and Ukraine and the conflict in the Middle East, terrorism, or
other geopolitical events.
Our future success will depend on our ability to compete effectively in the highly competitive financial services industry in the greater Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles
metropolitan areas.
We face strong competition in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and the Southern California Market. We compete with many different types of financial institutions, including commercial banks,
credit unions, savings and loan associations, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, insurance companies, and money market funds, as well as other local and community, super-regional, national, and international financial
institutions that operate offices in our primary market areas and elsewhere. Our future growth and success will depend on our ability to compete effectively in this highly competitive financial services environment. Many of our competitors in the
greater Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles metropolitan areas are well-established, larger financial institutions that have greater name recognition and market presence that benefit them in attracting business. Failure to compete effectively and to
attract new or to retain existing clients may have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, assets, or business.
A downturn in the real estate market could seriously impair our loan portfolio and operating results.
Most of our loan portfolio consists of loans secured by various types of real estate located in Southern California and in Washington, D.C., and surrounding areas. If economic factors cause real
estate values in the markets we serve to decline, higher vacancies to occur, or the deterioration of other factors, then the financial condition of the Bank’s borrowers could be harmed, and the collateral for loans will provide less security. In
addition, a decline in real estate values in the regions served could result in the Bank experiencing increases in loan delinquencies and defaults, which result in increases in the amounts of nonperforming assets and which would likely cause the
Bank to suffer losses.
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Our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses.
Our provision for credit losses is based on estimates of expected lifetime credit losses for loans at the time of origination which may not cover actual future credit losses. Management utilizes a
variety of inputs in the calculation of its estimate, including historical losses based on peer data, economic conditions and trends, the value and adequacy of collateral, volume and mix of the portfolio, and internal loan processes. We use
historical loss data provided by our third-party service provider in the calculation of our ACL which may not approximate our own historical loss data. Our ability to accurately forecast and react to future losses may be impaired by significant
uncertainties which could result in loan losses and other exposures that could exceed our allowance. Furthermore, if the models, estimates and assumptions we use to establish our ACL or the judgments we make in extending credit to our borrowers
prove inaccurate in predicting future events, the result may also be losses in excess of our ACL. As economic conditions change, we may have to increase our ACL, which could adversely affect our results of operations, earnings, and financial
condition.
Changes in interest rates affect profitability.
Changes in prevailing interest rates adversely affect our business. We derive income mainly from the difference or “spread” between the interest earned on loans, securities and other
interest-earning assets, and interest paid on deposits, borrowings and other interest-bearing liabilities. In general, the wider the spread, the more we will earn. When market rates of interest change, the interest the Bank receives on assets
and the interest paid on liabilities will fluctuate. In addition, the timing and rate of change in the interest that the Bank earns on assets do not necessarily match the timing and rate of change in the interest that it must pay on deposits
and other interest-bearing liabilities, even though most of the loans have adjustable-rate features . This causes increases or decreases in the spread and can greatly affect income. When the interest rates
paid on deposits and borrowings increase faster than the interest rates earned on loans and securities, the Bank’s spread decreases which has a negative impact on profitability. Also, the carrying value of our available-for-sale investment
portfolio will continue to decrease due to increases in interest rates. In addition, interest rate fluctuations can affect how much money the Bank may be able to lend and its ability to attract and retain customer deposits, which are an
important source of funds for making and holding loans.
Changes in governmental regulation may impair operations or restrict growth.
We are subject to substantial governmental supervision and regulation, which are intended primarily for the protection of depositors rather than our stockholders. Statutes and
regulations affecting our business may be changed at any time, and the interpretation of existing statutes and regulations by examining authorities may also change. Within the last several years, Congress and the federal bank regulatory
authorities have made significant changes to these statutes and regulations. There can be no assurance that such changes to the statutes and regulations or in their interpretation will not adversely affect our business. Moreover, as a
community bank operating as a Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI), we face a complex and evolving regulatory and political landscape, and changes in laws, regulations, initiatives, or regulatory policies could adversely affect our
business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are also subject to changes in other federal and state laws, including changes in tax laws, which could materially affect the banking industry. If we fail
to comply with federal bank regulations, our regulators may limit our activities or growth, assess civil money penalties against us or place the Bank into conservatorship or receivership. Bank regulations can hinder our ability to compete with
financial services companies that are not regulated or are less regulated.
Negative public opinion regarding us or the failure to maintain our reputation in the communities we serve could adversely affect our business and prevent us from growing our
business.
Our reputation within the communities we serve is critical to our success. We believe we have built strong personal and professional relationships with our customers and are an active member of the
communities we serve. If our reputation is negatively affected, including as a result of actions of our employees or otherwise, we may be less successful in attracting new customers or talent or may lose existing customers, and our business,
financial condition and earnings could be adversely affected.
We may not be successful in retaining key employees.
Our success will depend in part on its ability to retain the talents and dedication of key employees. If key employees unexpectedly terminate their employment, our business activities may be
adversely affected and management’s attention may be diverted from successfully integrating operating our business to hiring suitable replacements, which may cause our business to suffer. In addition, we may not be able to identify or recruit
suitable replacements in a timely manner if at all for any key employees who leave the Company.
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General Risk Factors
Ineffective internal control over financial reporting could affect our ability to record, process, and report financial information accurately, impair our ability to prepare financial statements,
negatively affect investor confidence, and cause reputational harm.
Effective internal controls are necessary for the Company to provide reliable
and accurate financial reporting and financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could lead to violations,
unintentional or otherwise, of laws and regulations. As disclosed in the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 15, 2025, the Company’s management, with oversight of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Audit Committee”) of Broadway Financial Corporation, the holding company of City First Bank, National Association, concluded that the Company’s audited consolidated financial
statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the quarters ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024, September 30, 2024, and March 31, 2025 (collectively, the
“Affected Financials”), each as previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), should no longer be relied upon because of an error related to certain loan participation agreements and should therefore be restated. In
addition, as a result of the foregoing determination, related press releases, stockholder communications, investor presentations and other communications describing relevant portions of the Affected Financials should no
If the additional controls and procedures that we have implemented to remediate the material weaknesses prove to be insufficient or we identify other control deficiencies that individually or
together constitute significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, the Company’s ability to record, process, and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within required time periods, could be adversely
affected. Litigation, government investigations, or regulatory enforcement actions arising out of any such failure or alleged failure could subject us to civil and criminal penalties that could materially and adversely affect our reputation,
financial condition, and operating results. Similarly, the control deficiency, remediation efforts, and any related litigation, government investigations, or regulatory enforcement actions will require management attention and resources and cause
us to incur unanticipated costs and could negatively affect investor confidence in our financial statements, cause us reputational harm, and raise other risks to our operations.
Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our common stock, which would negatively impact the market price and liquidity of our common stock and
our ability to access the capital markets.
If we fail to satisfy the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq, such as the $1.00 minimum closing bid price or timely periodic financial reporting requirements, Nasdaq may take steps to delist
the Company’s securities. For example, on August 21, 2025, we received a Staff Delisting Determination letter (the “Staff Determination”) from Nasdaq that it had initiated the delisting process with respect to the Company’s securities. Any
delisting of the Company’s securities, or threat of such delisting, would have a negative effect on the price of our common stock, impair the ability to sell or purchase our common stock when persons wish to do so, and any delisting materially
adversely affect our ability to raise capital or pursue financing or other transactions on acceptable terms, or at all. Delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market could also have other negative results, including the potential loss of institutional
investor interest and fewer business development opportunities. In the event of a delisting, we would attempt to take actions to restore our compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements, but we can provide no assurance that any such action taken
by us would allow our common stock to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our common stock, prevent our common stock from dropping below the Nasdaq minimum bid price requirement or prevent future
non-compliance with Nasdaq’s listing requirements.
The market price of our common stock is volatile. Stockholders may not be able to resell shares of our common stock at times or at prices they find attractive.
The trading price of our common stock has historically and will likely in the future fluctuate significantly as a result of a number of factors, including the following:
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actual or anticipated changes in our operating results and financial condition;
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actions by our stockholders, including sales of common stock by substantial stockholders and/or directors and executive officers, or perceptions that such actions may occur;
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the limited number of shares of our common stock that are held by the general public, commonly called the “public float,” and our small market capitalization;
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failure to meet stockholder or market expectations regarding loan and deposit volume, revenue, asset quality or earnings;
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failure to meet Nasdaq listing requirements, including failure to satisfy the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement;
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speculation in the press or the investment community relating to the Company or the financial services industry generally;
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fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors;
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proposed or adopted regulatory changes or developments;
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investigations, proceedings, or litigation that involve or affect us;
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the performance of the national, California and Washington, D.C. economies and the real estate markets in Southern California and Washington, D.C.;
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general market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for the financial services industry;
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additions or departures of key personnel;
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changes in financial estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts with respect to our common stock or those of other financial institutions; and
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actions taken by bank regulatory authorities, including required additions to our loan loss reserves or the issuance of cease and desist orders, based on adverse evaluations of our loans and other assets,
operating results, or management practices and procedures or other aspects of our business.
We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock since 2010 and we may not pay any cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.
We have not declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock since June 2010, initially due, in part, to regulatory restrictions and the operating losses we have previously experienced. We have
not determined to pay cash dividends on our common stock at any time in the near future.
Stock sales by us or other dilution of our equity may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
The issuance of additional shares of our common stock, or securities that are convertible into our common stock, may be determined to be necessary or advisable at times when our stock price is below
book value, which could be substantially dilutive to existing holders of our common stock. The market value of our common stock could also decline as a result of sales by us of a large number of shares of our common stock or any future class or
series of stock or the perception that such sales could occur.
Anti-takeover provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, federal and state law and our stockholder rights plan may limit the ability of another party to acquire
the Company, which could depress our stock price.
Various provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and certain other actions that we have taken could delay or prevent a third-party from acquiring control of the Company even if such
a transaction might be considered beneficial by our stockholders. These include, among others, our classified board of directors, the fact that directors may only be removed for cause, advance notice requirements for stockholder nominations of
director candidates or presenting proposals at our annual stockholder meetings, super-majority stockholder voting requirements for amendments to our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and for certain business combination transactions, and
the authorization to issue “blank check” preferred stock by action of our board of directors, without obtaining stockholder approval. In addition, we approved a stockholder rights plan in September 2019, the purpose of which was to protect our
stockholders against the possibility of attempts to acquire control of or influence over the Company through open market or privately negotiated purchases of our common stock without payment of a fair price to all of our stockholders or through
other tactics that do not provide fair treatment to all stockholders. These provisions and the stockholder rights plan could be used by our board of directors to prevent a merger or acquisition that would be attractive to stockholders and could
limit the price investors would be willing to pay in the future for our common stock.
Our common stock is not insured and stockholders could lose the value of their entire investment.
An investment in shares of our common stock is not a deposit and is not insured against loss or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) or any other government agency or
authority.
If we were to lose our status as a CDFI, our ability to obtain grants and awards as a CDFI similar to those received in the past may be lost.
The Bank and the Company are certified as CDFIs by the United States Department of the Treasury. CDFI status increases a financial institution’s potential for receiving grants and awards that, in
turn, enable the financial institution to increase the level of community development financial services that it provides to communities. Broadway Federal Bank received over $3 million in Bank Enterprise Awards from the CDFI Fund over the last
ten years. We reinvest the proceeds from CDFI-related grants and awards back into the communities we serve. While we believe we will be able to meet the certification criteria required to continue our CDFI status, there is no certainty that we
will be able to do so. If we do not meet one or more of the criteria, the CDFI Fund, in its sole discretion, may provide an opportunity for us to cure deficiencies prior to issuing a notice of termination of certification. A loss of CDFI status,
and the resulting inability to obtain certain grants and awards received in the past, could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or business.
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Systems failures, interruptions and cybersecurity breaches in our information technology and telecommunications systems and of third-party service providers could have a material
adverse effect on us.
Our business is dependent on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems and the systems of its third-party service providers. The
failure of these systems, or the termination of a third-party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems
interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity, or such third-party systems fail or experience interruptions. If significant, sustained, or repeated, a system
failure or service denial could compromise our ability to operate effectively, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, and/or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our information technology systems and of our third-party service providers may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses, phishing schemes and other security breaches. We likely will
expend additional resources to protect against the threat of such cybersecurity incident, or to alleviate problems caused by such cybersecurity incident. However, there can be no certainty that these measures will be sufficient in safeguarding
against any such threats. Security breaches and viruses potentially exposing sensitive data, including our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, as well as personally identifiable information
about our customers and employees, could expose us to claims, regulatory scrutiny, litigation costs and other possible liabilities and reputational harm. Further, there can be no assurance that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover
any losses that may result from a cybersecurity incident or breach of our systems.
The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological change, and we may not have the resources to effectively implement new technology or may experience operational
challenges when implementing new technology.
The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases
efficiency and enables financial institutions to reduce costs while increasing customer service and convenience. Our future success will depend, at least in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to
provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands for convenience, as well as create additional efficiencies in our operations as we continue to grow and expand our products and service offerings. We may experience operational
challenges as we implement these new technology enhancements or products, which could result in us not fully realizing the anticipated benefits from such new technology or incurring significant costs to remedy any such challenges in a timely
manner.
Many of our larger competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. As a result, they may be able to offer additional or superior products compared to those
that we are able to provide, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage. Accordingly, we may lose customers seeking new technology-driven products and services to the extent we are unable to provide such products and services.
The markets in which we operate are susceptible to natural disasters, including earthquakes, fires, drought, flooding, extreme heat, and other severe weather or catastrophic
events, any of which could result in a disruption of our operations and increases in loan losses.
A significant portion of our business is generated from markets that have been, and will continue to be, susceptible to damage by earthquakes, fires, drought, major seasonal flooding, and other
severe weather or catastrophic events. In addition, natural disasters and other adverse external events can disrupt our operations, cause widespread property damage, and severely depress the local economies in which we operate. The value of real
estate or other collateral that secures our loans could be materially and adversely affected by a disaster, resulting in decreased revenue and loan losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results
of operations. If the economies in our primary markets experience an overall decline as a result of a natural disaster, severe weather, or other catastrophic event, demand for loans and our other products and services could be reduced. In
addition, the rates of delinquencies, foreclosures, bankruptcies, and loan losses may increase substantially, as uninsured property losses or sustained job interruption or loss may materially impair the ability of borrowers to repay their loans.
Risks Relating to the Company Being a Public Benefit Corporation
We cannot provide any assurance that we will achieve our public benefit purposes.
As a public benefit corporation, we are required to seek to produce a public benefit or benefits and to operate in a responsible and sustainable manner, balancing our stockholders’ pecuniary
interests, the best interests of those materially affected by our conduct, and the public benefit or benefits identified by our certificate of incorporation. There is no assurance that we will achieve our public benefit purposes or that the
expected positive impact from being a public benefit corporation will be realized, which could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, which in turn may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations,
assets, or business. As a public benefit corporation, we are required to report publicly at least biennially on the overall public benefit performance and on the assessment of our success in achieving our specific public benefit purpose. If we
are not timely in providing this report or are unable to provide this report, or if the report is not viewed favorably by parties doing business with us or who are regulators or others reviewing its credentials, our reputation and status as a
public benefit corporation may be harmed.
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As a Delaware public benefit corporation, our focus on specific public benefit purposes and producing a positive effect for society can negatively impact our financial
performance.
Unlike traditional corporations, which have a fiduciary duty to focus primarily on maximizing stockholder value, directors of the Company (as a public benefit corporation) have a fiduciary duty to
consider not only our stockholders’ interests, but also the Company’s specific public benefit purposes and the interests of other stakeholder constituencies and to balance those interests in making business decisions. As a result, actions we take
that we believe to be in the best interests of those stakeholders and to help achieve our specific benefit purposes do not always fully align with our stockholder’s pecuniary interests. While we intend our status as a public benefit corporation
to provide an overall net benefit to the Company, our customers, employees, community, and stockholders, this could result in actions or decisions that may not maximize the income generated from our business. In addition, our pursuit of
longer-term or non-pecuniary benefits may not materialize within the timeframe we expect or at all. Accordingly, our corporate form as a public benefit corporation and compliance with the related obligations can have an adverse effect on our
financial condition, results of operations, assets or business.
Furthermore, as a public benefit corporation, we may be less attractive as a takeover target than a traditional company would be and, therefore, our stockholders’ ability to realize their investment
through an acquisition may be reduced. Public benefit corporations may also not be attractive targets for activists or hedge fund investors because directors are required to balance our stockholders’ pecuniary interests, the best interests of
those materially affected by our Company’s conduct, and the public benefit or benefits identified by the Company’s certificate of incorporation, and stockholders committed to the public benefit can bring a suit to enforce this balancing
requirement. Further, because the board of directors of a public benefit corporation considers additional constituencies rather than just maximizing stockholder value, Delaware public benefit corporation law could make it easier for a board to
reject a hostile bid, even if the takeover would provide the greatest short-term financial gain to stockholders.
As a Delaware public benefit corporation, the Company’s directors have a fiduciary duty to consider not only our stockholders’ interests, but also the specific public benefit
purposes we have committed to promote and the interests of other stakeholder constituencies. If a conflict between such interests arises, there is no guarantee such conflict would be resolved in favor of the interests of our stockholders.
While directors of traditional corporations are required to make decisions they believe to be in the best interests of their stockholders, directors of a public benefit corporation have a fiduciary
duty to consider not only the stockholders’ interests, but also the company’s specific public benefit purposes and the interests of other stakeholder constituencies. Under Delaware law, directors are shielded from liability for breach of their
fiduciary duties if they make informed and disinterested decisions that serve a rational purpose. Unlike traditional corporations which must focus exclusively on stockholder value, as a public benefit corporation, our directors are not merely
permitted, but obligated, to consider, in addition to the interests of stockholders, the Company’s specific public benefit purposes and the interests of other stakeholder constituencies in making business decisions. In the event of a conflict
between the interests of our stockholders and the specific public benefit purposes, we have a commitment to consider the interests of other stakeholder constituencies, and therefore, our directors are obligated to balance those interests, and are
deemed to have satisfied their fiduciary duties as long as their decisions are informed and disinterested and are not decisions that no person of ordinary, sound judgment would approve. As a result, there is no certainty that a conflict would be
resolved in favor of our stockholders, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, assets or business.
As a Delaware public benefit corporation, we may be subject to increased derivative litigation concerning our duty to balance stockholder and public benefit interests, the
occurrence of which may have an adverse impact on its financial condition and results of operations.
Stockholders of a Delaware public benefit corporation (if they, individually or collectively, own at least two percent of the company’s outstanding shares or, in the case of a corporation with
shares listed on a national securities exchange, the lesser of such percentage or shares with a market value of at least $2 million as of the date the action is filed) are entitled to file a lawsuit (individual, derivative, or any other type of
action) claiming the directors failed to balance stockholder and public benefit interests. This potential claim does not exist for traditional corporations. Therefore, we are subject to the possibility of increased derivative litigation, which
would require the attention of our management, and, as a result, may adversely impact management’s ability to effectively execute our strategy. Additionally, such derivative litigation may be costly, which may have an adverse impact on our
financial condition, results of operations, assets, or business.