Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our cash and cash equivalents are held primarily in certificates of deposit and money market investment funds. In the second quarter of 2019, we entered into an interest rate swap and cross-currency swap for hedging purposes. Refer to details noted above (see Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ). Additionally, as of September 30, 2022, our borrowings were under a revolving loan bearing interest at a fluctuating rate as defined by the 2022 Credit Agreement plus an applicable rate. The applicable rate is based upon our consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement. A 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates, applied to our borrowings at September 30, 2022, would result in an increase or decrease in annual interest expense and a corresponding reduction or increase in cash flow of approximate ly $4,626 . We are exposed to commodity price risks, including prices of our primary raw materials. Our objective is to seek a reduction in the potential negative earnings impact of raw material pricing arising in our business activities. We manage these financial exposures, where possible, through pricing and operational means. Our practices may change as economic conditions change. Additionally, as disclosed below in Part II, Item 1A, we are monitoring market risks related to the current COVID-19 pandemic very closely.
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Interest Rate Risk
We have exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates, including the interest rate relating to the 2022 Credit Agreement. In the second quarter of 2019, we began to manage our interest rate exposure through the use of derivative instruments. All of our derivative instruments are utilized for risk management purposes, and are not used for trading or speculative purposes. We have hedged a portion of our floating interest rate exposure using an interest rate swap (see Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities"). As of September 30, 2022, the notional amount of our outstanding interest rate swap was $108,569.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
The financial condition and results of operations of our foreign subsidiaries are reported in Euros, Canadian Dollars, Malaysian Ringgits, Singapore Dollars, Australian Dollars, Philippine Pesos, and Norwegian Kroner, and then translated into U.S. dollars at the applicable currency exchange rate for inclusion in our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to these currencies. In the second quarter of 2019, we entered into a cross-currency swap, with a notional amount of $108,569, which we designated as a hedge of our net investment in Chemogas (see Note 20, "Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities").
On June 21, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Kappa. In the process of acquiring Kappa, the Company entered into four short-term foreign currency exchange forward contracts with JP Morgan Chase, N.A to manage our exposure related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates in connection with the Kappa acquisition. These contracts did not qualify for hedge accounting under the applicable sections of ASC Topic 815. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the net gains on these forward contracts amounted to $512 and were recorded in "other (income) expense, net" on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings. As of September 30, 2022, the Company did not maintain any open foreign currency exchange forward contracts as all four contracts were settled as of June 30, 2022.
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