Item 1. Financial Statements
Item 1. Financial Statements
The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Sales of products $ 46,661 $ 38,767 $ 15,060 $ 13,331
Sales of services 9,115 7,861 3,044 2,625
Total revenues 55,776 46,628 18,104 15,956
Cost of products ( 43,140 ) ( 38,237 ) ( 14,464 ) ( 14,541 )
Cost of services ( 7,609 ) ( 6,725 ) ( 2,475 ) ( 2,230 )
Total costs and expenses ( 50,749 ) ( 44,962 ) ( 16,939 ) ( 16,771 )
5,027 1,666 1,165 ( 815 )
Income/(loss) from operating investments, net 45 ( 27 ) 28 ( 24 )
General and administrative expense ( 3,633 ) ( 2,757 ) ( 1,043 ) ( 1,226 )
Research and development expense, net ( 2,496 ) ( 2,058 ) ( 958 ) ( 727 )
Gain on dispositions, net 1 2
Loss from operations ( 1,056 ) ( 3,174 ) ( 808 ) ( 2,792 )
Other income, net 919 722 297 288
Interest and debt expense ( 1,859 ) ( 1,921 ) ( 589 ) ( 628 )
Loss before income taxes ( 1,996 ) ( 4,373 ) ( 1,100 ) ( 3,132 )
Income tax expense ( 216 ) ( 17 ) ( 538 ) ( 176 )
Net loss ( 2,212 ) ( 4,390 ) ( 1,638 ) ( 3,308 )
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest ( 13 ) ( 89 ) ( 2 ) ( 33 )
Net loss attributable to Boeing Shareholders ($ 2,199 ) ($ 4,301 ) ($ 1,636 ) ($ 3,275 )
Basic loss per share ($ 3.64 ) ($ 7.24 ) ($ 2.70 ) ($ 5.49 )
Diluted loss per share ($ 3.64 ) ($ 7.24 ) ($ 2.70 ) ($ 5.49 )
Weighted average diluted shares (millions) 605.0 594.0 607.2 596.3
See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net loss ($ 2,212 ) ($ 4,390 ) ($ 1,638 ) ($ 3,308 )
Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax:
Currency translation adjustments ( 29 ) ( 123 ) ( 39 ) ( 71 )
Unrealized gain/(loss) on certain investments, net of tax of $ 0 , $ 0 , $ 0 and $ 0
1 ( 2 ) 1 ( 2 )
Derivative instruments:
Unrealized loss arising during period, net of tax of $ 17 , $ 46 , $ 10 and $ 25
( 60 ) ( 157 ) ( 35 ) ( 83 )
Reclassification adjustment for losses/(gains) included in net loss, net of tax of $ 0 , ($ 6 ), ($ 1 ) and $ 2
2 24 4 ( 6 )
Total unrealized loss on derivative instruments, net of tax ( 58 ) ( 133 ) ( 31 ) ( 89 )
Defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits:
Net actuarial (loss)/gain arising during the period, net of tax of $ 2 , $ 0 , $ 0 and $ 0
( 5 ) 1
Amortization of actuarial (gains)/losses included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax of $ 1 , ($ 129 ), $ 0 and ($ 45 )
( 6 ) 469 ( 2 ) 155
Amortization of prior service credits included in net periodic pension cost, net of tax of $ 17 , $ 19 , $ 5 and $ 7
( 61 ) ( 68 ) ( 21 ) ( 22 )
Pension and postretirement cost related to our equity method investments, net of tax of $ 0 , $ 0 , $ 0 and $ 0
( 2 ) ( 2 )
Total defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefits, net of tax ( 72 ) 399 ( 22 ) 131
Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax ( 158 ) 141 ( 91 ) ( 31 )
Comprehensive loss, net of tax ( 2,370 ) ( 4,249 ) ( 1,729 ) ( 3,339 )
Less: Comprehensive loss related to noncontrolling interest ( 13 ) ( 89 ) ( 2 ) ( 33 )
Comprehensive loss attributable to Boeing Shareholders, net of tax ($ 2,357 ) ($ 4,160 ) ($ 1,727 ) ($ 3,306 )
See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except per share data) September 30
2023 December 31
2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,811 $ 14,614
Short-term and other investments 6,561 2,606
Accounts receivable, net 3,032 2,517
Unbilled receivables, net 9,184 8,634
Current portion of customer financing, net 88 154
Inventories 78,972 78,151
Other current assets, net 2,287 2,847
Total current assets 106,935 109,523
Customer financing, net 963 1,450
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $ 22,085 and $ 21,442
10,484 10,550
Goodwill 8,069 8,057
Acquired intangible assets, net 2,143 2,311
Deferred income taxes 64 63
Investments 1,061 983
Other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $ 993 and $ 949
4,562 4,163
Total assets $ 134,281 $ 137,100
Liabilities and equity
Accounts payable $ 11,143 $ 10,200
Accrued liabilities 21,104 21,581
Advances and progress billings 55,924 53,081
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt 4,891 5,190
Total current liabilities 93,062 90,052
Deferred income taxes 218 230
Accrued retiree health care 2,385 2,503
Accrued pension plan liability, net 5,713 6,141
Other long-term liabilities 2,239 2,211
Long-term debt 47,381 51,811
Total liabilities 150,998 152,948
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, par value $ 5.00 — 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 1,012,261,159 shares issued
5,061 5,061
Additional paid-in capital 10,616 9,947
Treasury stock, at cost — 407,648,773 and 414,671,383 shares
( 49,972 ) ( 50,814 )
Retained earnings 27,274 29,473
Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 9,708 ) ( 9,550 )
Total shareholders’ deficit ( 16,729 ) ( 15,883 )
Noncontrolling interests 12 35
Total equity ( 16,717 ) ( 15,848 )
Total liabilities and equity $ 134,281 $ 137,100
See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions) Nine months ended September 30
2023 2022
Cash flows – operating activities:
Net loss ($ 2,212 ) ($ 4,390 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Non-cash items –
Share-based plans expense 548 528
Treasury shares issued for 401(k) contribution 1,204 928
Depreciation and amortization 1,380 1,477
Investment/asset impairment charges, net 12 78
Customer financing valuation adjustments ( 4 ) 39
Gain on dispositions, net ( 1 ) ( 2 )
Other charges and credits, net ( 21 ) 388
Changes in assets and liabilities –
Accounts receivable ( 523 ) ( 22 )
Unbilled receivables ( 547 ) ( 678 )
Advances and progress billings 2,963 204
Inventories ( 940 ) ( 1,164 )
Other current assets 707 ( 860 )
Accounts payable 982 590
Accrued liabilities ( 574 ) 2,416
Income taxes receivable, payable and deferred 73 1,382
Other long-term liabilities ( 254 ) ( 114 )
Pension and other postretirement plans ( 785 ) ( 1,053 )
Customer financing, net 472 76
Other 99 232
Net cash provided by operating activities 2,579 55
Cash flows – investing activities:
Payments to acquire property, plant and equipment ( 1,096 ) ( 896 )
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment 19 19
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired ( 19 )
Contributions to investments ( 14,485 ) ( 2,773 )
Proceeds from investments 10,497 10,182
Other ( 157 ) ( 11 )
Net cash (used)/provided by investing activities ( 5,241 ) 6,521
Cash flows – financing activities:
New borrowings 55 19
Debt repayments ( 5,181 ) ( 1,038 )
Stock options exercised 45 39
Employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements ( 52 ) ( 36 )
Other 2
Net cash used by financing activities ( 5,131 ) ( 1,016 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents ( 22 ) ( 134 )
Net (decrease)/increase in cash & cash equivalents, including restricted ( 7,815 ) 5,426
Cash & cash equivalents, including restricted, at beginning of year 14,647 8,104
Cash & cash equivalents, including restricted, at end of period 6,832 13,530
Less restricted cash & cash equivalents, included in Investments 21 36
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 6,811 $ 13,494
See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
(Unaudited)
Boeing shareholders
(Dollars in millions) Common
Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital Treasury Stock Retained
Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Non-
controlling
Interests Total
Balance at January 1, 2022 $ 5,061 $ 9,052 ($ 51,861 ) $ 34,408 ($ 11,659 ) $ 153 ($ 14,846 )
Net loss ( 4,301 ) ( 89 ) ( 4,390 )
Other comprehensive income, net of tax of ($ 70 )
141 141
Share-based compensation 528 528
Treasury shares issued for stock options exercised, net
( 25 ) 64 39
Treasury shares issued for other share-based plans, net
( 75 ) 40 ( 35 )
Treasury shares issued for 401(k) contribution 225 703 928
Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 5,061 $ 9,705 ($ 51,054 ) $ 30,107 ($ 11,518 ) $ 64 ($ 17,635 )
Balance at January 1, 2023 $ 5,061 $ 9,947 ($ 50,814 ) $ 29,473 ($ 9,550 ) $ 35 ($ 15,848 )
Net loss ( 2,199 ) ( 13 ) ( 2,212 )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $ 37
( 158 ) ( 158 )
Share-based compensation 548 548
Treasury shares issued for stock options exercised, net
( 27 ) 72 45
Treasury shares issued for other share-based plans, net
( 82 ) 63 ( 19 )
Treasury shares issued for 401(k) contribution 497 707 1,204
Subsidiary shares purchased from noncontrolling interests ( 267 ) ( 267 )
Other changes in noncontrolling interests ( 10 ) ( 10 )
Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 5,061 $ 10,616 ($ 49,972 ) $ 27,274 ($ 9,708 ) $ 12 ($ 16,717 )
See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity
For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
(Unaudited)
Boeing shareholders
(Dollars in millions, except per share data) Common
Stock Additional
Paid-In
Capital Treasury Stock Retained
Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Non-
controlling
Interests Total
Balance at July 1, 2022 $ 5,061 $ 9,475 ($ 51,319 ) $ 33,382 ($ 11,487 ) $ 97 ($ 14,791 )
Net loss
( 3,275 ) ( 33 ) ( 3,308 )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of ($ 11 )
( 31 ) ( 31 )
Share-based compensation 176 176
Treasury shares issued for stock options exercised, net
( 4 ) 8 4
Treasury shares issued for other share-based plans, net
( 3 ) 2 ( 1 )
Treasury shares issued for 401(k) contribution 61 255 316
Balance at September 30, 2022 $ 5,061 $ 9,705 ($ 51,054 ) $ 30,107 ($ 11,518 ) $ 64 ($ 17,635 )
Balance at July 1, 2023 $ 5,061 $ 10,310 ($ 50,181 ) $ 28,910 ($ 9,617 ) $ 24 ($ 15,493 )
Net loss ( 1,636 ) ( 2 ) ( 1,638 )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $ 14
( 91 ) ( 91 )
Share-based compensation 167 167
Treasury shares issued for stock options exercised, net 1 1
Treasury shares issued for other share-based plans, net ( 9 ) 14 5
Treasury shares issued for 401(k) contribution 147 195 342
Other changes in noncontrolling interests
( 10 ) ( 10 )
Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 5,061 $ 10,616 ($ 49,972 ) $ 27,274 ($ 9,708 ) $ 12 ($ 16,717 )
See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Summary of Business Segment Data
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenues:
Commercial Airplanes $ 23,420 $ 16,755 $ 7,876 $ 6,303
Defense, Space & Security 18,187 16,981 5,481 5,307
Global Services 14,278 13,044 4,812 4,432
Unallocated items, eliminations and other ( 109 ) ( 152 ) ( 65 ) ( 86 )
Total revenues $ 55,776 $ 46,628 $ 18,104 $ 15,956
Loss from operations:
Commercial Airplanes ($ 1,676 ) ($ 1,738 ) ($ 678 ) ($ 622 )
Defense, Space & Security ( 1,663 ) ( 3,656 ) ( 924 ) ( 2,798 )
Global Services 2,487 2,093 784 733
Segment operating loss ( 852 ) ( 3,301 ) ( 818 ) ( 2,687 )
Unallocated items, eliminations and other ( 1,067 ) ( 719 ) ( 271 ) ( 384 )
FAS/CAS service cost adjustment 863 846 281 279
Loss from operations ( 1,056 ) ( 3,174 ) ( 808 ) ( 2,792 )
Other income, net 919 722 297 288
Interest and debt expense ( 1,859 ) ( 1,921 ) ( 589 ) ( 628 )
Loss before income taxes ( 1,996 ) ( 4,373 ) ( 1,100 ) ( 3,132 )
Income tax expense ( 216 ) ( 17 ) ( 538 ) ( 176 )
Net loss ( 2,212 ) ( 4,390 ) ( 1,638 ) ( 3,308 )
Less: net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest ( 13 ) ( 89 ) ( 2 ) ( 33 )
Net loss attributable to Boeing Shareholders ($ 2,199 ) ($ 4,301 ) ($ 1,636 ) ($ 3,275 )
This information is an integral part of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 18 for further segment results.
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The Boeing Company and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in millions, except otherwise stated)
(Unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated interim financial statements included in this report have been prepared by management of The Boeing Company (herein referred to as “Boeing”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation are reflected in the interim financial statements. The results of operations for the period ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year. The interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As discussed further in Note 18, prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Long-term Contracts
Substantially all contracts at our Defense, Space & Security (BDS) segment and certain contracts at our Global Services (BGS) segment are long-term contracts with the U.S. government and other customers that generally extend over several years. Changes in estimated revenues, cost of sales, and the related effect on operating income are recognized using a cumulative catch-up adjustment which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a long-term contract’s percentage-of-completion. When the current estimates of total sales and costs for a long-term contract, and/or contractual options that are probable of exercise, indicate a loss, a provision for the entire loss is recognized.
Net cumulative catch-up adjustments to prior periods' revenue and earnings, including certain losses, across all long-term contracts were as follows:
(In millions - except per share amounts) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Decrease to Revenue ($ 1,582 ) ($ 2,204 ) ($ 800 ) ($ 1,319 )
Increase to Loss from operations
($ 2,600 ) ($ 3,965 ) ($ 1,252 ) ($ 2,424 )
Increase to Diluted loss per share
($ 4.76 ) ($ 6.70 ) ($ 3.07 ) ($ 4.29 )
Note 2 – Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share for common shares and participating securities. The undistributed earnings are allocated between common shares and participating securities as if all earnings had been distributed during the period. Participating securities and common shares have equal rights to undistributed earnings.
Basic earnings per share is calculated by taking net earnings, less earnings available to participating securities, divided by the basic weighted average common shares outstanding.
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Diluted earnings per share is calculated by taking net earnings, less earnings available to participating securities, divided by the diluted weighted average common shares outstanding.
The elements used in the computation of Basic and Diluted loss per share were as follows:
(In millions - except per share amounts) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Net loss available to common shareholders
($ 2,199 ) ($ 4,301 ) ($ 1,636 ) ($ 3,275 )
Basic
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
605.0 594.0 607.2 596.3
Less: participating securities (1)
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
604.7 593.7 606.9 596.0
Diluted
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
605.0 594.0 607.2 596.3
Less: participating securities (1)
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
604.7 593.7 606.9 596.0
Net loss per share:
Basic
($ 3.64 ) ($ 7.24 ) ($ 2.70 ) ($ 5.49 )
Diluted
( 3.64 ) ( 7.24 ) ( 2.70 ) ( 5.49 )
(1) Participating securities include certain instruments in our deferred compensation plan.
The following table represents potential common shares that were not included in the computation of Diluted loss per share because the effect was antidilutive based on their strike price or the performance condition was not met.
(Shares in millions) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Performance awards 2.1 2.5
Performance-based restricted stock units 0.4 0.4
Restricted stock units 1.3 1.6
Stock options 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8
In addition, potential common shares of 5.6 million and 3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and 6.2 million and 3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were excluded from the computation of Diluted loss per share, because the effect would have been antidilutive as a result of incurring a net loss in those periods.
Note 3 – Income Taxes
We computed our interim tax provision using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. Our 2023 estimated annual effective tax rate is primarily driven by taxes on non-U.S. operations and an increase to the federal and state valuation allowance. The effective tax rates were ( 10.8 )% and ( 0.4 )% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was ( 48.9 )% and includes cumulative adjustments to increase tax expense to our current estimate of the annual effective tax rate.
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had recorded valuation allowances of $ 3,162 primarily for certain federal deferred tax assets, as well as for certain federal and state net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. To measure the valuation allowance, the Company estimated in what year each of its deferred tax assets and liabilities would reverse using systematic and logical methods to estimate the
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reversal patterns. Based on these methods, deferred tax liabilities are assumed to reverse and generate taxable income over the next 5 to 10 years while deferred tax assets related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations are assumed to reverse and generate tax deductions over the next 15 to 20 years. The valuation allowance primarily results from not having sufficient income from deferred tax liability reversals in the appropriate future periods to support the realization of deferred tax assets.
Federal income tax audits have been settled for all years prior to 2018. The Internal Revenue Service is currently auditing the 2018-2020 tax years. We are also subject to examination in major state and international jurisdictions for the 2010-2022 tax years. We believe appropriate provisions for all outstanding tax issues have been made for all jurisdictions and all open years.
Audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements are subject to significant uncertainty. It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months, unrecognized tax benefits related to federal tax matters under audit may decrease by up to $ 620 based on current estimates.
Note 4 – Allowances for Losses on Financial Assets
The changes in allowances for expected credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 consisted of the following:
Accounts receivable Unbilled receivables Other current assets Customer financing Other assets Total
Balance at January 1, 2022 ($ 390 ) ($ 91 ) ($ 62 ) ($ 18 ) ($ 186 ) ($ 747 )
Changes in estimates 19 ( 16 ) ( 38 ) ( 31 ) ( 66 )
Write-offs 246 47 1 133 427
Recoveries 5 5
Balance at September 30, 2022
($ 139 ) ($ 25 ) ($ 77 ) ($ 56 ) ($ 84 ) ($ 381 )
Balance at January 1, 2023 ($ 116 ) ($ 23 ) ($ 85 ) ($ 55 ) ($ 88 ) ($ 367 )
Changes in estimates ( 8 ) 3 15 4 ( 16 ) ( 2 )
Write-offs 27 5 32
Recoveries 4 4
Balance at September 30, 2023
($ 93 ) ($ 20 ) ($ 65 ) ($ 51 ) ($ 104 ) ($ 333 )
Note 5 – Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following:
September 30
2023 December 31
2022
Long-term contracts in progress $ 237 $ 582
Commercial aircraft programs 68,551 67,702
Capitalized precontract costs (1)
890 794
Commercial spare parts, used aircraft, general stock materials and other
9,294 9,073
Total $ 78,972 $ 78,151
(1) Capitalized precontract costs at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 includes amounts related to KC-46A Tanker, Commercial Crew, and T-7 Production Options. See Note 9.
Commercial Aircraft Programs
Commercial aircraft programs inventory included approximately 250 737 aircraft at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and approximately 75 and 100 787 aircraft at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
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At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, commercial aircraft programs inventory included the following amounts related to the 737 program: deferred production costs of $ 5,359 and $ 2,955 and unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs of $ 574 and $ 626 . At September 30, 2023, $ 5,899 of 737 deferred production costs, unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs are expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that have firm orders and $ 34 is expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that represent expected future orders.
At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, commercial aircraft programs inventory included the following amounts related to the 777X program: $ 1,370 and $ 1,330 of deferred production costs and $ 3,956 and $ 3,774 of unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs. In April 2022, we decided to pause production of the 777X-9 during 2022 and 2023. The production pause is resulting in abnormal production costs that are being expensed as incurred until 777X-9 production resumes. We have been gradually restarting the 777X production system and expect all phases to resume during the fourth quarter of 2023. We expensed abnormal production costs of $ 442 and $ 213 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The 777X program has near break-even margins at September 30, 2023.
At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, commercial aircraft programs inventory included the following amounts related to the 787 program: deferred production costs of $ 12,188 and $ 12,689 , $ 1,734 and $ 1,831 of supplier advances, and $ 1,531 and $ 1,722 of unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs. At September 30, 2023, $ 13,024 of 787 deferred production costs, unamortized tooling and other non-recurring costs are expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that have firm orders and $ 695 is expected to be recovered from units included in the program accounting quantity that represent expected future orders. We are currently producing at abnormally low rates resulting in abnormal production costs that are being expensed as incurred. We do not expect abnormal costs related to abnormally low production rates to continue beyond September 30, 2023, and we expect the remaining abnormal costs related to inspections and rework to be incurred by the end of 2024. We expensed abnormal production costs of $ 937 and $ 925 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Commercial aircraft programs inventory included amounts credited in cash or other consideration (early issue sales consideration) to airline customers totaling $ 3,862 and $ 3,586 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Note 6 – Contracts with Customers
Unbilled receivables increased from $ 8,634 at December 31, 2022 to $ 9,184 at September 30, 2023, primarily driven by revenue recognized at BDS and BGS in excess of billings.
Advances and progress billings increased from $ 53,081 at December 31, 2022 to $ 55,924 at September 30, 2023, primarily driven by advances on orders received at Commercial Airplanes (BCA), partially offset by revenue recognized from amounts previously recorded as advances or progress billings at BDS.
Revenues recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 from amounts recorded as Advances and progress billings at the beginning of each year were $ 11,602 and $ 9,501 . Revenues recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 from amounts recorded as Advances and progress billings at the beginning of each year were $ 3,717 and $ 2,687 .
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Note 7 – Customer Financing
Customer financing consisted of the following:
September 30
2023 December 31
2022
Financing receivables:
Investment in sales-type/finance leases $ 628 $ 804
Notes 115 385
Total financing receivables
743 1,189
Less allowance for losses on receivables 51 55
Financing receivables, net 692 1,134
Operating lease equipment, at cost, less accumulated depreciation of $ 72 and $ 76
359 470
Total $ 1,051 $ 1,604
Financing arrangements typically range in terms from 1 to 12 years and may include options to extend or terminate. Certain leases include provisions to allow the lessee to purchase the underlying aircraft at a specified price.
At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $ 54 and $ 405 were determined to be uncollectible financing receivables and placed on non-accrual status. The allowance for losses on receivables remained largely unchanged during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Our financing receivable balances at September 30, 2023 by internal credit rating category and year of origination consisted of the following:
Rating categories Current 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total
BBB $ 2 $ 26 $ 28
BB $ 56 $ 32 203 $ 105 $ 37 116 549
B 16 96 112
CCC 10 35 9 54
Total carrying value of financing receivables $ 66 $ 32 $ 240 $ 105 $ 53 $ 247 $ 743
At September 30, 2023, our allowance for losses related to receivables with ratings of CCC, B, BB, and BBB. We applied default rates that averaged 100.0 %, 0.0 %, 2.5 %, and 0.1 %, respectively, to the exposure associated with those receivables.
Customer Financing Exposure
The majority of our gross customer financing portfolio is concentrated in the following aircraft models:
September 30
2023 December 31
2022
717 Aircraft ($ 0 and $ 45 accounted for as operating leases)
$ 485 $ 563
747-8 Aircraft (accounted for as sales-type/finance leases) 131 394
737 Aircraft ($ 149 and $ 174 accounted for as operating leases)
168 186
777 Aircraft (accounted for as operating leases) 197 209
MD-80 Aircraft (accounted for as sales-type/finance leases) 96
757 Aircraft (accounted for as sales-type/finance leases) 63 107
747-400 Aircraft (accounted for as sales-type/finance leases) 44 46
Operating lease equipment primarily includes large commercial jet aircraft.
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Lease income recorded in revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included $ 43 and $ 52 from sales-type/finance leases, and $ 45 and $ 50 from operating leases , of which $ 4 and $ 6 related to variable operating lease payments. Lease income recorded in revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included $ 14 and $ 16 from sales-type/finance leases, and $ 18 and $ 18 from operating leases , of which $ 3 and $ 1 related to variable operating lease payments.
Profit at the commencement of sales-type leases was recorded in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 in the amount of $ 24 and $ 16 . Customer financing interest income received was $ 122 and $ 10 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Profit at the commencement of sales-type leases was recorded in revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 in the amount of $ 4 and $ 4 . Customer financing interest income received was $ 60 and $ 4 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Note 8 – Investments
Our investments, which are recorded in Short-term and other investments or Investments, consisted of the following:
September 30
2023 December 31
2022
Time deposits $ 6,042 $ 2,093
Equity method investments (1)
1,001 948
Available-for-sale debt investments 498 479
Equity and other investments 60 36
Restricted cash & cash equivalents (2)
21 33
Total $ 7,622 $ 3,589
(1) Dividends received were $ 28 and $ 23 during the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023 and $ 95 and $ 52 during the same periods in prior year.
(2) Reflects amounts restricted in support of our property sales, workers’ compensation programs, and insurance premiums.
Allowance for losses on available-for-sale debt investments are assessed quarterly. All instruments are considered investment grade, and we have not recognized an allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023.
Note 9 – Liabilities, Commitments and Contingencies
737 MAX Customer Concessions and Other Considerations
The following table summarizes changes in the 737 MAX customer concessions and other considerations liability during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
2023 2022
Beginning balance – January 1 $ 1,864 $ 2,940
Reductions for payments made ( 304 ) ( 959 )
Reductions for concessions and other in-kind considerations ( 55 ) ( 29 )
Changes in estimates ( 54 ) ( 16 )
Ending balance – September 30 $ 1,451 $ 1,936
The liability balance of $ 1.5 billion at September 30, 2023 includes $ 1.4 billion of contracted customer concessions and other liabilities and $ 0.1 billion that remains subject to negotiation with customers. The contracted amount includes $ 0.6 billion expected to be liquidated by lower customer delivery payments, $ 0.7 billion expected to be paid in cash and $ 0.1 billion in other concessions. Of the cash payments to
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customers, we expect to pay $ 0.3 billion in 2023 and the remaining $ 0.4 billion in future years. The type of consideration to be provided for the remaining $ 0.1 billion will depend on the outcomes of negotiations with customers.
Environmental
The following table summarizes changes in environmental remediation liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
2023 2022
Beginning balance – January 1 $ 752 $ 605
Reductions for payments made, net of recoveries ( 46 ) ( 22 )
Changes in estimates 149 171
Ending balance – September 30 $ 855 $ 754
The liabilities recorded represent our best estimate or the low end of a range of reasonably possible costs expected to be incurred to remediate sites, including operation and maintenance over periods of up to 30 years. It is reasonably possible that we may incur costs that exceed these recorded amounts because of regulatory agency orders and directives, changes in laws and/or regulations, higher than expected costs and/or the discovery of new or additional contamination. As part of our estimating process, we develop a range of reasonably possible alternate scenarios that includes the high end of a range of reasonably possible cost estimates for all remediation sites for which we have sufficient information based on our experience and existing laws and regulations. There are some potential remediation obligations where the costs of remediation cannot be reasonably estimated. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the high end of the estimated range of reasonably possible remediation costs exceeded our recorded liabilities by $ 1,017 and $ 1,058 .
Product Warranties
The following table summarizes changes in product warranty liabilities recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
2023 2022
Beginning balance – January 1 $ 2,275 $ 1,900
Additions for current year deliveries 121 143
Reductions for payments made ( 258 ) ( 305 )
Changes in estimates 285 355
Ending balance – September 30 $ 2,423 $ 2,093
Commercial Aircraft Trade-In Commitments
In conjunction with signing definitive agreements for the sale of new aircraft, we have entered into trade-in commitments with certain customers that give them the right to trade in used aircraft at a specified price. The probability that trade-in commitments will be exercised is determined by using both quantitative information from valuation sources and qualitative information from other sources. The probability of exercise is assessed quarterly, or as events trigger a change, and takes into consideration the current economic and airline industry environments. Trade-in commitments, which can be terminated by mutual consent with the customer, may be exercised only during the period specified in the agreement, and require advance notice by the customer.
Trade-in commitment agreements at September 30, 2023 have expiration dates from 2023 through 2029. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 total contractual trade-in commitments were $ 1,430 and $ 1,117 . As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we estimated it was probable we would be obligated to perform on certain of these commitments with net amounts payable to customers totaling $ 360 and $ 286 and the fair value of the related trade-in aircraft was $ 360 and $ 286 .
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Financing Commitments
Financing commitments related to aircraft on order, including options and those proposed in sales campaigns, and refinancing of delivered aircraft, totaled $ 16,499 and $ 16,105 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The estimated earliest potential funding dates for these commitments as of September 30, 2023 are as follows:
Total
October through December 2023
$ 30
2024 2,670
2025 3,011
2026 4,786
2027 2,384
Thereafter 3,618
$ 16,499
As of September 30, 2023, all of these financing commitments relate to customers we believe have less than investment-grade credit. We have concluded that no reserve for future potential losses is required for these financing commitments based upon the terms, such as collateralization and interest rates, under which funding would be provided.
Other Financial Commitments
We have financial commitments to make additional capital contributions totaling $ 274 to certain joint ventures over the next five years .
Standby Letters of Credit and Surety Bonds
We have entered into standby letters of credit and surety bonds with financial institutions primarily relating to the guarantee of our future performance on certain contracts and security agreements. Contingent liabilities on outstanding letters of credit agreements and surety bonds aggregated approximately $ 4,420 and $ 5,070 as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Supply Chain Financing Programs
The Company has supply chain financing programs in place under which participating suppliers may elect to obtain payment from an intermediary. The Company confirms the validity of invoices from participating suppliers and agrees to pay the intermediary an amount based on invoice totals. The majority of amounts payable under these programs are due within 30 to 90 days but may extend up to 12 months. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Accounts payable included $ 2.9 billion and $ 2.5 billion payable to suppliers who have elected to participate in these programs. We do not believe that future changes in the availability of supply chain financing would have a significant impact on our liquidity.
Recoverable Costs on Government Contracts
Our final incurred costs for each year are subject to audit and review for allowability by the U.S. government, which can result in payment demands related to costs they believe should be disallowed. We work with the U.S. government to assess the merits of claims and where appropriate reserve for amounts disputed. If we are unable to satisfactorily resolve disputed costs, we could be required to record an earnings charge and/or provide refunds to the U.S. government.
Fixed-Price Contracts
Long-term contracts that are contracted on a fixed-price basis could result in losses in future periods. Certain of the fixed-price contracts are for the development of new products, services and related technologies. This development work scope is inherently uncertain and subject to significant variability in estimates of the cost and time required to complete the work by us and our suppliers. The operational and
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technical complexities of fixed-price development contracts create financial risk, which could trigger additional earnings charges, termination provisions, order cancellations, or other financially significant exposure.
VC-25B Presidential Aircraft
The Company’s firm fixed-price contract for the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) effort on the U.S. Air Force’s (USAF) VC-25B Presidential Aircraft, commonly known as Air Force One, is a $ 4.3 billion program to develop and modify two 747-8 commercial aircraft. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we increased the reach-forward loss on the contract by $ 1,452 . This year we made progress completing engineering and production requirements. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we increased the reach-forward loss on the contract by $ 482 driven by engineering changes to support the build and installation process; the resolution of supplier negotiations; and factory performance related to labor instability. While we have provisioned for all of our anticipated costs to complete the contract, risk remains that we may record additional losses in future periods.
KC-46A Tanker
In 2011, we were awarded a contract from the USAF to design, develop, manufacture, and deliver four next generation aerial refueling tankers as well as priced options for 13 annual production lots totaling 179 aircraft. Since 2016, the USAF has authorized nine low rate initial production (LRIP) lots for a total of 124 aircraft. The EMD contract and authorized LRIP lots total approximately $ 24 billion as of September 30, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we increased the reach-forward loss on the KC-46A Tanker program by $ 1,374 . During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we increased the reach-forward loss on the KC-46A Tanker program by $ 245 resulting from factory disruption and additional rework due to a supplier quality issue. As of September 30, 2023, we had approximately $ 160 of capitalized precontract costs and $ 150 of potential termination liabilities to suppliers related to unexercised future lots. Risk remains that we may record additional losses in future periods.
MQ-25
In the third quarter of 2018, we were awarded the MQ-25 EMD contract by the U.S. Navy. The contract is a fixed-price contract that includes development and delivery of seven aircraft and test articles at a contract price of $ 890 . During the year ended December 31, 2022, we increased the MQ-25 reach-forward loss by $ 579 . During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we increased the reach-forward loss by $ 68 primarily driven by production and flight testing delays for EMD aircraft. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we increased the reach-forward loss by $ 71 reflecting higher than anticipated production costs to complete EMD aircraft attributable to recent factory performance. Risk remains that we may record additional losses in future periods.
T-7A Red Hawk EMD Contract & Production Options
In 2018, we were awarded the T-7A Red Hawk program. The EMD portion of the contract is a $ 860 fixed-price contract and includes five aircraft and seven simulators. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded earnings charges of $ 203 related to the T-7A Red Hawk fixed-price EMD contract, which had a reach-forward loss at December 31, 2022. The production portion of the contract includes 11 production lots for aircraft and related services for 346 T-7A Red Hawk aircraft that we believe are probable of being exercised. We expect the first production and support contract option to be exercised in 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we increased the reach-forward loss by $ 552 . During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we increased the reach-forward loss by $ 189 primarily reflecting higher estimated production costs. At September 30, 2023, we had approximately $ 162 of capitalized precontract costs and $ 421 of potential termination liabilities to suppliers related to unexercised future lots. Risk remains that we may record additional losses in future periods.
Commercial Crew
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has contracted us to design and build the CST-100 Starliner spacecraft to transport crews to the International Space Station. During the second
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quarter of 2022, we successfully completed the uncrewed Orbital Flight Test. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we increased the reach-forward loss by $ 288 . During the second quarter of 2023, we increased the reach-forward loss by $ 257 primarily as a result of delaying the crewed flight test previously scheduled for July 2023 following notification by a parachute supplier of an issue identified through testing. We anticipate being ready to launch in early 2024 and are working with NASA to identify a new launch window. At September 30, 2023, we had approximately $ 191 of capitalized precontract costs and $ 196 of potential termination liabilities to suppliers related to fixed-price unauthorized future missions. Risk remains that we may record additional losses in future periods.
Note 10 – Arrangements with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
We enter into arrangements with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business, primarily in the form of guarantees.
The following table provides quantitative data regarding our third party guarantees. The maximum potential payments represent a “worst-case scenario” and do not necessarily reflect amounts that we expect to pay. The carrying amount of liabilities represents the amount included in Accrued liabilities.
Maximum
Potential Payments Estimated Proceeds from
Collateral/Recourse Carrying Amount of
Liabilities
September 30
2023 December 31
2022 September 30
2023 December 31
2022 September 30
2023 December 31
2022
Contingent repurchase commitments
$ 420 $ 514 $ 420 $ 514
Credit guarantees
15 45 $ 14 $ 27
Contingent Repurchase Commitments In conjunction with signing a definitive agreement for the sale of commercial aircraft, we have entered into contingent repurchase commitments with certain customers wherein we agree to repurchase the sold aircraft at a specified price, generally 10 to 15 years after delivery. Our repurchase of the aircraft is contingent upon entering into a mutually acceptable agreement for the sale of additional new aircraft in the future. The commercial aircraft repurchase price specified in contingent repurchase commitments is generally lower than the expected fair value at the specified repurchase date. Estimated proceeds from collateral/recourse in the table above represent the lower of the contracted repurchase price or the expected fair value of each aircraft at the specified repurchase date.
If a future sale agreement is reached and a customer elects to exercise its right under a contingent repurchase commitment, the contingent repurchase commitment becomes a trade-in commitment. Our historical experience is that contingent repurchase commitments infrequently become trade-in commitments.
Credit Guarantees We have issued credit guarantees where we are obligated to make payments to a guaranteed party in the event that the original lessee or debtor does not make payments or perform certain specified services. Generally, these guarantees have been extended on behalf of guaranteed parties with less than investment-grade credit and are collateralized by certain assets. We record a liability for the fair value of guarantees and the expected contingent loss amount, which is reviewed quarterly. Current outstanding credit guarantees expire through 2036.
Other Indemnifications In conjunction with our sales of Electron Dynamic Devices, Inc. and Rocketdyne Propulsion and Power businesses and our BCA facilities in Wichita, Kansas and Tulsa and McAlester, Oklahoma, we agreed to indemnify, for an indefinite period, the buyers for costs relating to pre-closing environmental conditions and certain other items. We are unable to assess the potential number of future claims that may be asserted under these indemnifications, nor the amounts thereof (if any). As a result, we cannot estimate the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnities. To the extent that claims have been made under these indemnities and/or are probable and reasonably estimable, liabilities associated with these indemnities are included in the environmental liability disclosure in Note 9.
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Note 11 – Debt
In the third quarter of 2023, we entered into a $ 3,000 five-year revolving credit agreement expiring in August 2028 and a $ 800 364 -day revolving credit agreement expiring in August 2024. The 364 -day credit facility has a one-year term out option which allows us to extend the maturity of any borrowings until August 2025. The legacy three-year revolving credit agreement expiring in August 2025, which consists of $ 3,000 of total commitments, and the legacy five-year revolving credit agreement expiring in October 2024, as amended, which consists of $ 3,200 of total commitments, each remain in effect. As of September 30, 2023, we had $ 10,000 available under credit line agreements. We continue to be in full compliance with all covenants contained in our debt or credit facility agreements.
Note 12 – Postretirement Plans
The components of net periodic benefit (income)/cost were as follows:
Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
Pension Plans 2023 2022 2023 2022
Service cost $ 3 $ 2 $ 1
Interest cost 2,115 1,561 705 $ 520
Expected return on plan assets ( 2,581 ) ( 2,843 ) ( 861 ) ( 948 )
Amortization of prior service credits ( 61 ) ( 61 ) ( 20 ) ( 20 )
Recognized net actuarial loss 125 681 42 227
Settlement/curtailment gain ( 4 ) ( 4 )
Net periodic benefit income ($ 399 ) ($ 664 ) ($ 133 ) ($ 225 )
Net periodic benefit cost included in Loss from operations $ 3 $ 2 $ 1
Net periodic benefit income included in Other income, net ( 402 ) ( 666 ) ( 134 ) ($ 225 )
Net periodic benefit income included in Loss before income taxes
($ 399 ) ($ 664 ) ($ 133 ) ($ 225 )
Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
Other Postretirement Plans 2023 2022 2023 2022
Service cost $ 36 $ 54 $ 12 $ 18
Interest cost 111 73 37 24
Expected return on plan assets ( 6 ) ( 8 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )
Amortization of prior service credits ( 17 ) ( 26 ) ( 6 ) ( 9 )
Recognized net actuarial gain ( 132 ) ( 83 ) ( 44 ) ( 27 )
Net periodic benefit (income)/cost ($ 8 ) $ 10 ($ 3 ) $ 3
Net periodic benefit cost included in Loss from operations $ 47 $ 59 $ 16 $ 20
Net periodic benefit income included in Other income, net ( 44 ) ( 44 ) ( 15 ) ( 15 )
Net periodic benefit cost included in Loss before income taxes
$ 3 $ 15 $ 1 $ 5
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Note 13 – Share-Based Compensation and Other Compensation Arrangements
Restricted Stock Units
On February 16, 2023, we granted 327,523 restricted stock units (RSU) to our executives as part of our long-term incentive program. The RSUs granted under this program have a grant date fair value of $ 214.35 per unit. The RSUs granted under this program will generally vest and settle in common stock (on a one-for-one basis) on the third anniversary of the grant date. If an executive terminates employment because of retirement, layoff, disability, or death, the executive (or beneficiary) may receive some or all of their stock units depending on certain age and service conditions. In all other cases, the RSUs will not vest and all rights to the stock units will terminate.
Performance Restricted Stock Units
On February 16, 2023, we granted 195,526 performance restricted stock units (PRSU) to our elected executive officers as part of our long-term incentive program. The PRSUs granted under this program have a grant date fair value of $ 214.35 per unit. The award payout can range from 0 % to 200 % of the initial PRSU grant based on cumulative free cash flow achievement over the period January 1, 2023 through December 31, 2025 as compared to goals set at the start of the performance period. The PRSUs granted under this program will vest at the payout amount and settle in common stock (on a one-for-one basis) on the third anniversary of the grant date. If an executive terminates employment because of retirement, layoff, disability, or death, the executive (or beneficiary) remains eligible under the award and, if the award is earned, may receive some or all of their stock units depending on certain age and service conditions. In all other cases, the PRSUs will not vest and all rights to the stock units will terminate.
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Note 14 – Shareholders' Equity
Additional Paid-in Capital
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, Additional paid-in capital included a decrease of $ 267 largely related to a non-cash transaction to purchase shares in a consolidated subsidiary from the noncontrolling interests.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCI) by component for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Currency Translation Adjustments Unrealized Gains and Losses on Certain Investments Unrealized Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments Defined Benefit Pension Plans & Other Postretirement Benefits Total (1)
Balance at January 1, 2022 ($ 105 ) $ 1 $ 6 ($ 11,561 ) ($ 11,659 )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications ( 123 ) ( 2 ) ( 157 ) ( 2 ) ( 284 )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
24 (3)
401 (2)
425
Net current period Other comprehensive (loss)/income ( 123 ) ( 2 ) ( 133 ) 399 141
Balance at September 30, 2022 ($ 228 ) ($ 1 ) ($ 127 ) ($ 11,162 ) ($ 11,518 )
Balance at January 1, 2023 ($ 167 ) ($ 24 ) ($ 9,359 ) ($ 9,550 )
Other comprehensive (loss)/income before reclassifications
( 29 ) $ 1 ( 60 ) ( 5 ) ( 93 )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
2 ( 67 ) ( 65 )
Net current period Other comprehensive (loss)/income
( 29 ) 1 ( 58 ) ( 72 ) ( 158 )
Balance at September 30, 2023 ($ 196 ) $ 1 ($ 82 ) ($ 9,431 ) ($ 9,708 )
Balance at June 30, 2022 ($ 157 ) $ 1 ($ 38 ) ($ 11,293 ) ($ 11,487 )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications ( 71 ) ( 2 ) ( 83 ) ( 2 ) ( 158 )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
( 6 ) 133 (2)
127
Net current period Other comprehensive (loss)/income ( 71 ) ( 2 ) ( 89 ) 131 ( 31 )
Balance at September 30, 2022 ($ 228 ) ($ 1 ) ($ 127 ) ($ 11,162 ) ($ 11,518 )
Balance at June 30, 2023 ($ 157 ) ($ 51 ) ($ 9,409 ) ($ 9,617 )
Other comprehensive (loss)/income before reclassifications ( 39 ) $ 1 ( 35 ) 1 ( 72 )
Amounts reclassified from AOCI
4 ( 23 ) ( 19 )
Net current period Other comprehensive (loss)/income
( 39 ) 1 ( 31 ) ( 22 ) ( 91 )
Balance at September 30, 2023 ($ 196 ) $ 1 ($ 82 ) ($ 9,431 ) ($ 9,708 )
(1) Net of tax.
(2) Primarily relates to amortization of actuarial losses for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2022 totaling $ 469 and $ 155 (net of tax of ($ 129 ) and ($ 45 )), which are included in the net periodic pension cost.
(3) Includes losses of $ 39 (net of tax of ($ 11 )) from cash flow hedges reclassified to Other income, net because the forecasted transactions are not probable of occurring.
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Note 15 – Derivative Financial Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Our cash flow hedges include foreign currency forward contracts, commodity swaps and commodity purchase contracts. We use foreign currency forward contracts to manage currency risk associated with certain expected sales and purchases through 2031. We use commodity derivatives, such as fixed-price purchase commitments and swaps to hedge against potentially unfavorable price changes for commodities used in production. Our commodity contracts hedge forecasted transactions through 2028.
Derivative Instruments Not Receiving Hedge Accounting Treatment
We have entered into agreements to purchase and sell aluminum to address long-term strategic sourcing objectives and non-U.S. business requirements. These agreements are derivative instruments for accounting purposes. The quantities of aluminum in these agreements offset and are priced at prevailing market prices. We also hold certain foreign currency forward contracts and commodity swaps which do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.
Notional Amounts and Fair Values
The notional amounts and fair values of derivative instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:
Notional amounts (1)
Other assets Accrued liabilities
September 30
2023 December 31
2022 September 30
2023 December 31
2022 September 30
2023 December 31
2022
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts $ 2,800 $ 2,815 $ 21 $ 23 ($ 118 ) ($ 122 )
Commodity contracts 520 602 85 115 ( 22 ) ( 9 )
Derivatives not receiving hedge accounting treatment:
Foreign exchange contracts 463 462 7 5 ( 35 ) ( 42 )
Commodity contracts 103 412 2 ( 2 ) ( 1 )
Total derivatives $ 3,886 $ 4,291 $ 113 $ 145 ($ 177 ) ($ 174 )
Netting arrangements ( 27 ) ( 33 ) 27 33
Net recorded balance $ 86 $ 112 ($ 150 ) ($ 141 )
(1) Notional amounts represent the gross contract/notional amount of the derivatives outstanding.
(Losses)/gains associated with our hedging transactions and forward points recognized in Other comprehensive (loss)/income are presented in the following table:
Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Recognized in Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of taxes:
Foreign exchange contracts ($ 30 ) ($ 186 ) ($ 41 ) ($ 82 )
Commodity contracts ( 30 ) 29 6 ( 1 )
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Gains/(losses) associated with our hedging transactions and forward points reclassified from AOCI to earnings are presented in the following table:
Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Foreign exchange contracts
Revenues $ 1 $ 1
Costs and expenses ($ 11 ) 9 ($ 5 ) ( 1 )
General and administrative expense ( 21 ) ( 14 ) 2 ( 7 )
Commodity contracts
Costs and expenses 24 18 ( 3 ) 11
General and administrative expense 6 6 1 4
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we reclassified losses associated with certain cash flow hedges of $ 50 from AOCI to Other income, net because it became probable the forecasted transactions would not occur. Losses related to undesignated derivatives on foreign exchange and commodity cash flow hedging transactions recognized in Other income, net were insignificant for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Based on our portfolio of cash flow hedges, we expect to reclassify losses of $ 43 (pre-tax) out of AOCI into earnings during the next 12 months.
We have derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features. If we default on our five-year credit facility, our derivative counterparties could require settlement for foreign exchange and certain commodity contracts with original maturities of at least five years . The fair value of those contracts in a net liability position at September 30, 2023 was $ 32 . For other particular commodity contracts, our counterparties could require collateral posted in an amount determined by our credit ratings. At September 30, 2023, there was no collateral posted related to our derivatives.
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Note 16 – Fair Value Measurements
The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 refers to fair values determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs and Level 3 includes fair values estimated using significant unobservable inputs. The following table presents our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy.
September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets
Money market funds $ 1,604 $ 1,604 $ 1,797 $ 1,797
Available-for-sale debt investments:
Commercial paper 292 $ 292 256 $ 256
Corporate notes 170 170 195 195
U.S. government agencies 36 36 47 47
Other equity investments 35 35 10 10
Derivatives 86 86 112 112
Total assets $ 2,223 $ 1,639 $ 584 $ 2,417 $ 1,807 $ 610
Liabilities
Derivatives ($ 150 ) ($ 150 ) ($ 141 ) ($ 141 )
Other ( 2 ) ($ 2 )
Total liabilities ($ 152 ) ($ 150 ) ($ 2 ) ($ 141 ) ($ 141 )
Money market funds, available-for-sale debt investments and equity securities are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices or broker/dealer quotes of identical or comparable instruments.
Derivatives include foreign currency and commodity contracts. Our foreign currency forward contracts are valued using an income approach based on the present value of the forward rate less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. Commodity derivatives are valued using an income approach based on the present value of the commodity index prices less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount.
Certain assets have been measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The following table presents the nonrecurring losses recognized for the nine months ended September 30 due to long-lived asset impairment and the fair value and asset classification of the related assets as of the impairment date:
2023 2022
Fair Value Total
Losses Fair Value Total
Losses
Investments ($ 11 ) ($ 31 )
Customer financing assets
$ 47 ( 7 )
Property, plant and equipment ( 19 )
Other assets and Acquired intangible assets ( 1 ) 1 ( 21 )
Total ($ 12 ) $ 48 ($ 78 )
Investments, Property, plant and equipment, Other assets and Acquired intangible assets were primarily valued using an income approach based on the discounted cash flows associated with the underlying assets. The fair value of the impaired customer financing assets includes operating lease equipment and
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investments in sales type-leases/finance leases and is derived by calculating a median collateral value from a consistent group of third party aircraft value publications. The values provided by the third party aircraft publications are derived from their knowledge of market trades and other market factors. Management reviews the publications quarterly to assess the continued appropriateness and consistency with market trends. Under certain circumstances, we adjust values based on the attributes and condition of the specific aircraft or equipment, usually when the features or use of the aircraft vary significantly from the more generic aircraft attributes covered by third party publications, or on the expected net sales price for the aircraft.
Fair Value Disclosures
The fair values and related carrying values of financial instruments that are not required to be remeasured at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position were as follows:
September 30, 2023
Carrying
Amount Total Fair
Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets
Notes receivable, net $ 283 $ 294 $ 294
Liabilities
Debt, excluding finance lease obligations ( 52,031 ) ( 47,481 ) ( 47,481 )
December 31, 2022
Carrying
Amount Total Fair
Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets
Notes receivable, net $ 385 $ 403 $ 403
Liabilities
Debt, excluding finance lease obligations ( 56,794 ) ( 52,856 ) ( 52,856 )
The fair values of notes receivable are estimated with discounted cash flow analysis using interest rates currently offered on loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. The fair value of our debt that is traded in the secondary market is classified as Level 2 and is based on current market yields. For our debt that is not traded in the secondary market, the fair value is classified as Level 2 and is based on our indicative borrowing cost derived from dealer quotes or discounted cash flows. With regard to other financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, it is not practicable to estimate the fair value of our indemnifications and financing commitments because the amount and timing of those arrangements are uncertain. Items not included in the above disclosures include cash, restricted cash, time deposits and other deposits, commercial paper, money market funds, Accounts receivable, Unbilled receivables, Other current assets, Accounts payable and long-term payables. The carrying values of those items, as reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, approximate their fair value at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair value of assets and liabilities whose carrying value approximates fair value is determined using Level 2 inputs, with the exception of cash (Level 1).
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Note 17 – Legal Proceedings
Various legal proceedings, claims and investigations related to products, contracts, employment and other matters are pending against us. In addition, we are subject to various U.S. government inquiries and investigations from which civil, criminal or administrative proceedings could result or have resulted in the past. Such proceedings involve or could involve claims by the government for fines, penalties, compensatory and treble damages, restitution and/or forfeitures. Under government regulations, a company, or one or more of its operating divisions or subdivisions, can also be suspended or debarred from government contracts, or lose its export privileges, based on the results of investigations. Except as described below, we believe, based upon current information, that the outcome of any such legal proceeding, claim, or government dispute and investigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Where it is reasonably possible that we will incur losses in excess of recorded amounts in connection with any of the matters set forth below, we will disclose either the amount or range of reasonably possible losses in excess of such amounts or, where no such amount or range can be reasonably estimated, the reasons why no such estimate can be made.
Multiple legal actions have been filed against us as a result of the October 29, 2018 accident of Lion Air Flight 610 and the March 10, 2019 accident of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302. In January 2021, we entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement with the U.S. Department of Justice that resolved the Department’s investigation into matters concerning the 737 MAX. We remain subject to obligations under this three-year agreement, including reporting requirements and ongoing oversight by the Department of Justice of the Company’s compliance program. While we have resolved a number of other investigations and cases related to the 737 MAX, we cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss, if any, not covered by available insurance that we may incur as a result of the remaining pending lawsuits or other matters related to the accidents and the 737 MAX.
During 2019, we entered into agreements with Embraer S.A. (Embraer) to establish joint ventures that included the commercial aircraft and services operations of Embraer, of which we were expected to acquire an 80 percent ownership stake for $ 4,200 , as well as a joint venture to promote and develop new markets for the C-390 Millennium. In 2020, we exercised our contractual right to terminate these agreements based on Embraer’s failure to meet certain required closing conditions. Embraer has disputed our right to terminate the agreements, and the dispute is currently in arbitration. We cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss, if any, that may result from the arbitration, which we currently expect to be completed in late 2023 or early 2024.
Note 18 – Segment and Revenue Information
Segment results reflect the realignment of the Boeing Customer Financing team and portfolio into the BCA segment during the first quarter of 2023. Interest and debt expense now includes interest and debt expense previously attributable to Boeing Capital and classified as a component of Total Costs and Expenses ("Cost of Sales"). Prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
Our primary profitability measurement to review a segment’s operating results is Loss from operations. We operate in three reportable segments: BCA, BDS, and BGS. All other activities fall within Unallocated items, eliminations and other. See page 7 for the Summary of Business Segment Data, which is an integral part of this note.
BCA develops, produces and markets commercial jet aircraft principally to the commercial airline industry worldwide. Revenue on commercial aircraft contracts is recognized at the point in time when an aircraft is completed and accepted by the customer.
BDS engages in the research, development, production and modification of the following products and related services: manned and unmanned military aircraft and weapons systems, surveillance and engagement, strategic defense and intelligence systems, satellite systems and space exploration. BDS revenue is generally recognized over the contract term (over time) as costs are incurred.
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BGS provides parts, maintenance, modifications, logistics support, training, data analytics and information-based services to commercial and government customers worldwide. BGS segment revenue and costs include certain products and services provided to other segments. Revenue on commercial spare parts contracts is recognized at the point in time when a spare part is delivered to the customer. Revenue on other contracts is generally recognized over the contract term (over time) as costs are incurred.
The following tables present BCA, BDS and BGS revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated in a number of ways, such as geographic location, contract type and the method of revenue recognition. We believe these best depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
BCA revenues by customer location consisted of the following:
(Dollars in millions) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Europe $ 4,443 $ 2,869 $ 1,050 $ 615
Latin America and Caribbean 629 1,586 425 450
Asia 3,978 3,318 1,623 1,291
Middle East 2,723 1,297 1,257 209
Other non-U.S. 1,090 918 212 350
Total non-U.S. revenues 12,863 9,988 4,567 2,915
United States 10,435 6,680 3,260 3,317
Estimated potential concessions and other considerations to 737 MAX customers, net 54 16 28 33
Total revenues from contracts with customers 23,352 16,684 7,855 6,265
Intersegment revenues eliminated on consolidation 68 71 21 38
Total segment revenues $ 23,420 $ 16,755 $ 7,876 $ 6,303
Revenue recognized on fixed-price contracts 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %
Revenue recognized at a point in time 99 % 99 % 99 % 99 %
BDS revenues on contracts with customers, based on the customer's location, consisted of the following:
(Dollars in millions) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue from contracts with customers:
U.S. customers $ 14,686 $ 12,493 $ 4,348 $ 3,711
Non-U.S. customers (1)
3,501 4,488 1,133 1,596
Total segment revenue from contracts with customers $ 18,187 $ 16,981 $ 5,481 $ 5,307
Revenue recognized over time 99 % 99 % 99 % 99 %
Revenue recognized on fixed-price contracts 57 % 60 % 54 % 54 %
Revenue from the U.S. government (1)
91 % 90 % 94 % 91 %
(1) Includes revenues earned from foreign military sales through the U.S. government.
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BGS revenues consisted of the following:
(Dollars in millions) Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Revenue from contracts with customers:
Commercial $ 8,218 $ 7,111 $ 2,799 $ 2,474
Government 5,793 5,692 1,919 1,882
Total revenues from contracts with customers 14,011 12,803 4,718 4,356
Intersegment revenues eliminated on consolidation 267 241 94 76
Total segment revenues $ 14,278 $ 13,044 $ 4,812 $ 4,432
Revenue recognized at a point in time 51 % 50 % 52 % 51 %
Revenue recognized on fixed-price contracts 87 % 88 % 88 % 88 %
Revenue from the U.S. government (1)
31 % 33 % 30 % 32 %
(1) Includes revenues earned from foreign military sales through the U.S. government.
Backlog
Our total backlog includes contracts that we and our customers are committed to perform. The value in backlog represents the estimated transaction prices on performance obligations to our customers for which work remains to be performed. Backlog is converted into revenue, primarily based on the cost incurred or at delivery and acceptance of products, depending on the applicable revenue recognition model.
Our backlog at September 30, 2023 was $ 469,178 . We expect approximately 21 % to be converted to revenue through 2024 and approximately 71 % through 2027, with the remainder thereafter. There is significant uncertainty regarding the timing of when backlog will convert into revenue due to timing of 737 and 787 deliveries from inventory and timing of entry into service of the 777X, 737-7 and/or 737-10.
Unallocated Items, Eliminations and Other
Unallocated items, eliminations and other include common internal services that support Boeing’s global business operations and eliminations of certain sales between segments. We generally allocate costs to business segments based on the U.S. Government Cost Accounting Standards (CAS). Components of Unallocated items, eliminations and other (expense)/income are shown in the following table.
Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Share-based plans ($ 33 ) ($ 64 ) $ 5 $ 44
Deferred compensation ( 71 ) 204 25 38
Amortization of previously capitalized interest ( 71 ) ( 71 ) ( 24 ) ( 24 )
Research and development expense, net ( 222 ) ( 161 ) ( 73 ) ( 43 )
Eliminations and other unallocated items ( 670 ) ( 627 ) ( 204 ) ( 399 )
Unallocated items, eliminations and other
($ 1,067 ) ($ 719 ) ($ 271 ) ($ 384 )
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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Expense
Pension costs are allocated to BDS and BGS businesses supporting government customers using CAS, which employ different actuarial assumptions and accounting conventions than GAAP. These costs are allocable to government contracts. Other postretirement benefit costs are allocated to business segments based on CAS, which is generally based on benefits paid. FAS/CAS service cost adjustment represents the difference between the Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) pension and postretirement service costs calculated under GAAP and costs allocated to the business segments. Non-operating pension and postretirement expenses represent the components of net periodic benefit costs other than service cost. These expenses are included in Other income, net. Components of FAS/CAS service cost adjustment are shown in the following table:
Nine months ended September 30 Three months ended September 30
2023 2022 2023 2022
Pension FAS/CAS service cost adjustment $ 663 $ 621 $ 218 $ 208
Postretirement FAS/CAS service cost adjustment 200 225 63 71
FAS/CAS service cost adjustment $ 863 $ 846 $ 281 $ 279
Assets
Segment assets are summarized in the table below:
September 30
2023 December 31
2022
Commercial Airplanes $ 77,083 $ 76,825
Defense, Space & Security 15,232 14,426
Global Services 16,206 16,149
Unallocated items, eliminations and other 25,760 29,700
Total $ 134,281 $ 137,100
Assets included in Unallocated items, eliminations and other primarily consist of Cash and cash equivalents, Short-term and other investments, tax assets, capitalized interest and assets managed centrally on behalf of the three principal business segments and intercompany eliminations.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Boeing Company
Arlington, Virginia
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position of The Boeing Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2023, the related condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, and equity for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and of cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "condensed consolidated interim financial information"). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial information for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the "PCAOB"), the consolidated statement of financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated January 27, 2023, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2022, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of financial position from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
This condensed consolidated interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Chicago, Illinois
October 25, 2023
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “may,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “projects,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “targets,” “anticipates” and similar expressions generally identify these forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements relating to our future financial condition and operating results, as well as any other statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact.
Forward-looking statements are based on expectations and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable when made, but that may not prove to be accurate. These statements are not guarantees and are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Many factors could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from these forward-looking statements. Among these factors are risks related to:
(1) general conditions in the economy and our industry, including those due to regulatory changes;
(2) our reliance on our commercial airline customers;
(3) the overall health of our aircraft production system, planned commercial aircraft production rate changes, our ability to successfully develop and certify new aircraft or new derivative aircraft, and the ability of our aircraft to meet stringent performance and reliability standards;
(4) changing budget and appropriation levels and acquisition priorities of the U.S. government, as well as the potential impact of a government shutdown;
(5) our dependence on our subcontractors and suppliers, as well as the availability of highly skilled labor and raw materials;
(6) competition within our markets;
(7) our non-U.S. operations and sales to non-U.S. customers;
(8) changes in accounting estimates;
(9) realizing the anticipated benefits of mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures/strategic alliances or divestitures;
(10) our dependence on U.S. government contracts;
(11) our reliance on fixed-price contracts;
(12) our reliance on cost-type contracts;
(13) contracts that include in-orbit incentive payments;
(14) unauthorized access to our, our customers’ and/or our suppliers' information and systems;
(15) potential business disruptions, including threats to physical security or our information technology systems, extreme weather (including effects of climate change) or other acts of nature, and pandemics or other public health crises;
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(16) potential adverse developments in new or pending litigation and/or government inquiries or investigations;
(17) potential environmental liabilities;
(18) effects of climate change and legal, regulatory or market responses to such change.
(19) changes in our ability to obtain debt financing on commercially reasonable terms, at competitive rates and in sufficient amounts;
(20) substantial pension and other postretirement benefit obligations;
(21) the adequacy of our insurance coverage;
(22) customer and aircraft concentration in our customer financing portfolio; and
(23) work stoppages or other labor disruptions.
Additional information concerning these and other factors can be found in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K. Any forward-looking information speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.
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Text extracted from the filing as submitted to EDGAR. Formatting, tables and exhibits are simplified for reading; the original document is authoritative for anything you rely on.