What changed in this filing

/stocks — the workspaceLOADING

Item 1. Business

2025-02-25 compared with 2024-02-29 · 92 added, 67 removed, 304 unchanged (34% of the section changed)

We are a leading provider of networking solutions that enable next-generation networks focused on reliability, availability, scalability and cybersecurity.

Our portfolio supports customers operating in the cloud, on-premise or in hybrid environments providing rapid return on their investment as well as investment protection with best-in-class technical performance.

As cyber-attacks increase in volume and complexity, we integrate security as a key attribute in essentially all our solutions that further enable our customers to continue to adapt to market trends in the cloud, internet of things and the ever-increasing need for more efficient data processing, building upon our strong global footprint and leadership in application and network infrastructure.

Our customers include leading service providers (cloud, telecommunications, multiple system operators, cable), government organizations, and enterprises.

We are a leading provider of security and infrastructure solutions for on-premises, hybrid cloud, and edge-cloud environments of our global enterprise, communication, cloud and web service provider customers who strive to provide business-critical applications and networks that are secure, available, and efficient.

As cyber-attacks increase in volume and complexity, we integrate security and artificial intelligence (“AI”) enabled capabilities in our solutions that enable our customers to continue to adapt to market trends in hybrid cloud, AI-ready data centers and the ever-increasing need for high performance, high availability and low latency.

This provides the foundation for our strong global footprint and leadership in application and network security and infrastructure.

In February 2025, we acquired the assets and key personnel of ThreatX Protect, which expanded our cybersecurity portfolio with web application and application programming interfaces protection (“WAAP”).

ThreatX Protect is ideally suited for securing applications and application programming interfaces (“APIs”).

Industry Trends & Market Drivers

The digitization of business has made applications a critical ingredient in virtually every aspect of operations.

The digitization of business has made applications and APIs a critical ingredient in network operations.

The safety and efficiency of applications can directly impact business and financial performance, and security shortfalls can impact brand value and customer retention.

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Over time, more and more applications may be born or provided in the cloud, while some applications that existed in traditional data centers may migrate to clouds as well.

To address this shift, businesses will need solutions that bridge both traditional and cloud-based application environments and centrally manage all secure application services holistically in this multi-cloud world.

To address this shift, businesses will benefit from solutions that bridge both traditional and cloud-based application environments and centrally manage all secure application services holistically in this multi-cloud world.

Increased Network Complexity and New Infrastructure Paradigms.

Traditional IT vendors may need to shift from hardware-centric models to software-defined approaches across several operating environments to improve agility for critical applications, and subsequently, their business operations.

Traditional IT vendors may want to shift from hardware-centric models to software-defined approaches across several operating environments to improve agility for critical applications, and subsequently, their business operations.

Enabling product portfolios to adapt and diversify to include newer virtualized software, container-based software and cloud-based offerings are key factors determining future market leadership and competitive landscapes.

Growing Importance of Automation, Orchestration.

As applications increasingly move to a multi-cloud environment, the deployment of orchestration and automation tools enable efficient automation for the deployment and operations of security and application services.

There is a need for increased operational efficiency and agility, improved detection and reporting of security anomalies, enhanced end-user experiences and reduced total cost of ownership (“TCO”), simplified management of distributed application services, improved capacity planning and optimized multi-cloud software lifecycle management.

As applications increasingly move to a multi-cloud environment, automation tools help enable efficient operations of security and application services.

There is a desire for increased operational efficiency and agility, improved detection and reporting of security anomalies, enhanced end-user experiences and reduced total cost of ownership (“TCO”), simplified management of distributed application services, improved capacity planning and optimized multi-cloud software lifecycle management.

By deploying newly developed secure application delivery automation and predictive analytics tools, enterprises can visualize their application performance, detect anomalous trends and automate their application delivery and network security.

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The cyberthreat landscape continues to plague enterprises and society as a whole.

Malicious actors and cybercriminals such as hacktivists, amateur hackers, and foreign military and intelligence organizations target data centers of every type.

Malicious actors and cyber criminals such as hacktivists, amateur hackers, and foreign military and intelligence organizations target data centers of every type.

Distributed Denial of Service (“DDoS”) attacks are increasing in size, frequency, complexity and notoriety.

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The growing deployment of commercial 5G networks will bring massive increases in network throughput and significant new business opportunities for mobile carriers and others.

It will also require a new generation of security infrastructure capable of handling the growing capacity requirements and complex management needs of 5G networks.

It will also require a new generation of security and internet delivery infrastructure capable of handling the growing capacity requirements and complex management needs of 5G networks.

Capacity requirements increase dramatically in 5G networks due to substantial increases in concurrent sessions, lower packet size and higher connections per second.

Operators must dramatically lower latency, reduce total cost of ownership, and improve efficiency which may require advanced consolidation of network functions at the core.

Operators strive to dramatically lower latency, reduce total cost of ownership, and improve efficiency which may require advanced consolidation of network functions at the core.

Meanwhile, the scope and size of DDoS attacks may also increase dramatically with the proliferation of connected devices and traffic, due in large part to the expansion of Internet of Things (“IoT”)/Machine-to-Machine traffic coming from new 5G-delivered Smart World applications.

To address these requirements, mobile and other operators will need new solutions that provide hyperscale and increased performance, richer feature sets, and rich automation, analytics and threat intelligence.

To address these requirements, mobile and other operators want new solutions that provide hyperscale and increased performance, richer feature sets, and rich automation, analytics and threat intelligence.

Need for Advanced Multi-Cloud Secure Application Service Solutions.

To address these challenges, advanced and integrated solutions for managing secure application services across businesses’ application environments are needed.

To address these challenges, advanced and integrated solutions for managing secure application services across businesses’ application environments are desirable.

Of the many solution requirements, some of the more critical include:

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• Clear Visibility and Sophisticated Analytics.

The effectiveness of application performance and security depends greatly on the level of visibility a business has into its application traffic.

The effectiveness of application performance and security depends greatly on the level of visibility a business has into its application and API traffic.

That visibility should effectively span any number of data centers and cloud types to provide a holistic view of security threats and performance issues affecting applications.

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Our product portfolio seeks to address many of the aforementioned challenges and solution requirements.

The portfolio consists of six secure application solutions and two intelligent management and automation tools.

Our software solutions are available to be delivered in a variety of form factors, such as embedded in optimized hardware appliances, as bare metal software, containerized software, virtual appliances and cloud-native software.

While our revenue to date has predominantly derived from delivery of our proprietary software on a perpetual license basis embedded in optimized hardware, this model has begun to evolve in various ways including among others, term licenses, subscriptions, and software-only models.

Our comprehensive and flexible application solutions portfolio, combined with our Harmony Controller, positions us to address the growing need for shifting workloads to a mix of private clouds and public clouds.

A10 Harmony Controller is built on microservices and container technologies and offers a multi-tenant, highly scalable controller architecture that incorporates real-time and predictive analytics at the application level and central management and orchestration of secure application services across hybrid environments, from physical data centers to public, private and hybrid clouds.

The portfolio consists of network infrastructure and security products.

The infrastructure portfolio powers the delivery of internet

services and applications while the security products protect applications, APIs, infrastructure and enterprises from cyber-attacks.

Our security suite is known as A10 Defend.

A10 solutions are available in a variety of form factors, such as embedded in optimized hardware appliances, as bare metal software, containerized software, virtual appliances and cloud-native software.

Our comprehensive and flexible application solutions portfolio, combined with A10 Control positions us to address the growing need for shifting workloads to a mix of private clouds and public clouds.

A10 Control is built on microservices and container technologies and offers a multi-tenant, highly scalable controller architecture that incorporates real-time and predictive analytics at the application level and central management and orchestration of secure application services across hybrid environments, from physical data centers to public, private and hybrid clouds.

The following is an overview of our portfolio:

Secure application solutions:

Secure infrastructure solutions:

Thunder Application Delivery Controller (“ADC”)

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Intelligent management and automation tool:

Harmony Controller

A10 Control (formerly Harmony Controller)

A10 Defend Suite of Products:

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A10 Defend Mitigator (formerly Thunder TPS)

A10 Defend ThreatX Protect

The following is a further overview of our portfolio:

Secure Application Solutions

Secure Infrastructure Solutions

Thunder Application Delivery Controller.

Thunder ADC provides advanced server load balancing, including global server load balancing, high availability, aFleX scripting, aVCS, ADP multi-tenancy, SSL, offload, acceleration, caching and compression, web application firewall (“WAF”), domain name server (“DNS”) application firewall (“DAF”) and others.

Thunder ADC provides advanced server load balancing, including global server load balancing, high availability, aFleX scripting, aVCS, ADP multi-tenancy, SSL, offload, acceleration, caching and compression, next-generation web application firewall (“NG-WAF”), domain name server (“DNS”) application firewall (“DAF”) and others.

ADCs are typically deployed in front of a server farm within a data center, including web, application and database servers.

Thunder Carrier Grade Networking .

Thunder CGN extends the life of increasingly scarce IPv4 address blocks and their associated infrastructure using Carrier-Grade network address translation (“CGNAT”), and also provides translation solutions to the IPv6 addressing standard.

Thunder CGN extends the life of increasingly scarce IPv4 address blocks and their associated infrastructure using Carrier-Grade network address translation (“CGNAT”) and translation solutions to the IPv6 addressing standard.

Our CGN solution is typically deployed in service provider networks to provide standards-compliant address and protocol translation services between varying types of IP addresses.

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Intelligent Management and Automation Tool

Harmony Controller.

Harmony Controller provides intelligent management, automation and analytics for secure application delivery in multi-cloud environments to help simplify operations.

Infrastructure and application operations teams can centrally manage and automate configuration and application policies for our Thunder and Lightning application and security services, such as load balancing, application delivery, web application firewall, SSL decryption, Gi/SGi firewall, Carrier Grade NAT and Cloud Access Proxy solutions.

Configuration and control can also be automated via application program interface (“API”) and integrated with orchestration systems used within organizations.

In addition, the Harmony Controller provides comprehensive infrastructure and per-application metrics and analytics for performance and security monitoring, anomaly detection and faster troubleshooting.

A10 Control (formerly Harmony Controller).

A10 Control provides intelligent management, automation and analytics for secure application delivery in multi-cloud environments to help simplify operations.

Infrastructure and application operations teams can centrally manage and automate configuration and application policies for our Thunder application and security services, such as load balancing, application delivery, web application firewall, SSL decryption, Gi/SGi firewall, Carrier Grade NAT and Cloud Access Proxy solutions.

Configuration and control can also be automated via API and integrated with orchestration systems used within organizations.

In addition, A10 Control provides comprehensive infrastructure and per-application metrics and analytics for performance and security monitoring, anomaly detection and faster troubleshooting.

The container-based, microservices architecture allows controller capacity to be scaled without interrupting operations.

Our Harmony Controller is available in two deployment models:

A10 Control is available in two deployment models:

A10 managed software-as-a-service (“SaaS”), or as a self-managed, on-premise deployment.

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A10 Defend Detector is our high-performance Netflow, Sflow, IPFIX-based DDoS detector and is used to easily manage the scale and heterogenous nature of SP networks, resulting in a unified DDoS protection solution.

Defend Detector can be used by SPs to deliver DDoS services to downstream customers.

Defend Detector can be used by service providers to deliver DDoS services to their customers.

A10 Defend Mitigator (formerly Thunder TPS).

A10 Defend Mitigator is our h igh precision, automated, scalable, and intelligent DDoS mitigation solution that is delivered as hardware or virtual appliances ranging from 1Gbps to over 1Tbps.

A10 Defend Mitigator is our high precision, automated, scalable, and intelligent DDoS mitigation solution that is delivered as hardware or virtual appliances ranging from 1Gbps to over 1Tbps.

A10 Defend Mitigator is typically deployed at the perimeter of the networks to protect internal network resources from large-scale, volumetric and multi-vector attacks.

In 2017, we enhanced the A10 Defend Mitigator solution with the launch of a dedicated detector function, improved workflow and automation in A10

Defend Orchestrator.

In 2018, we enhanced our detection capabilities with the One-DDoS solution, which enables Thunder ADC, CGN, and CFW solutions to act as in-line detectors to enhance application and infrastructure detection.

In 2017, we enhanced the A10 Defend Mitigator solution with the launch of a dedicated detector function, improved workflow and automation in A10 Defend Orchestrator.

In 2018, we enhanced our detection capabilities with the One-DDoS solution, which enables

Thunder ADC, CGN, and CFW solutions to act as in-line detectors to enhance application and infrastructure detection.

We also added A10 Defend Mitigator Dynamic Attack Pattern Recognition (“DAPR”) for automatic attack learning, to identify and thwart zero-day attacks, and enhanced machine learning (“ML”) with always-on adaptive learning.

Defend Mitigator is augmented by the A10 Threat Control and software licensed from ThreatSTOP, Inc., which can block known bad connections (i.e., IP addresses) from entering protected networks.

A10 Defend ThreatX Protect.

A10 Defend ThreatX Protect is a cloud-based WAAP solution that incorporates NG-WAF, BOT protection, Layer 7 DDoS and API protection.

This solution is deployed in front of applications and APIs and uses a combination of behavioral profiling and risk scoring to identify cyber threats.

A10 Defend ThreatX Protect comes from our acquisition of the ThreatX Protect assets.

Product Form Factors

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The appliance family provides a variety of other security and performance options.

vThunder virtual appliances operate on all major hypervisor platforms, including VMware, Microsoft Hyper-V and Linux KVM.

vThunder virtual appliances operate on all major hypervisor platforms, including VMware and Linux KVM.

vThunder is also available from cloud providers like Amazon Web Services (“AWS”), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Compute (“GCP”) and service providers.

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The value and significance of our high-performance offerings reside in our portfolio’s underlying software operating system.

With the exception of Lightning ADC, our products are built on the Advanced Core Operating System (“ACOS”) platform and leverage its performance optimization and security features.

Our products are built on the Advanced Core Operating System (“ACOS”) platform and leverage its performance optimization and security features.

The ACOS platform is optimized for modern 64-bit central processing units (“CPUs”), which increasingly have multiple parallel processing cores that operate within a single CPU for higher efficiency and performance scalability.

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To improve the performance of the multi-core processor architecture, we have developed a shared memory technology to allow processors to share common memory and the state of the system simultaneously.

This avoids the overhead associated with Inter-Processor Communication architectures deployed in

first-generation approaches.

This avoids the overhead associated with Inter-Processor Communication architectures deployed in first-generation approaches.

We optimize memory to be visible to processor cores simultaneously, while minimizing communication overhead and contention among processors for allocated memory space.

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Augmenting the standard support, the offering includes access to a dedicated team of DDoS mitigation experts specializing in DDoS prevention, offering efficient assistance for mitigating attacks, and a subscription to the A10 Threat Intelligence Service, leveraging collective intelligence to block known threats.

Our professional services team provides a full range of fee-based consulting services, including pre-sale network assessment, comprehensive network analysis and capacity planning, post-sale migration and implementation services, on-site installation and ongoing support.

Our customers operate in a variety of industries, including telecommunications, technology, industrial, government, retail, financial, gaming, and education.

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During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, purchases from our 10 largest end-customers accounted for approximately 38%, 33% and 41% of our total revenue, respectively.

In 2023, one distribution channel partner accounted for 19% of our total revenue.

In 2022, two distribution channel partners accounted for 15% and 13% of our total revenue.

In 2021, one distribution channel partner accounted for 12% of our total revenue.

As security, 5G and cloud trends continue to gain prominence, changes in application delivery needs, cyber security threats, and the technology landscape result in evolving customer requirements.

A substantial portion of our revenue is from sales of our products and services through distribution channels, such as resellers and distributors.

In 2024 and 2023, sales through a single distribution channel represented 20% and 19% of our total revenue, respectively.

In 2022, sales through two distribution channels represented 15% and 13% of our total revenue.

As security, 5G and cloud trends continue to gain prominence, changes in application delivery needs, cybersecurity threats, and the technology landscape result in evolving customer requirements.

These evolving demands have expanded our addressable market into cybersecurity including DDoS protection, 5G /5G-readiness and hybrid networking, where we compete with a number of companies not included among our traditional competitors of the past.

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• Companies that sell products in the traditional application delivery market, such as F5 Networks, NetScaler from Cloud Software Group, Inc., VMware from Broadcom (through its acquisition of Avi Networks) as well as many startups;

• Companies that sell Cloud WAAP solutions such as Imperva, Akamai, Cloudlare and Amazon Web Services (“AWS”).

The key competitive factors in our markets include:

• Ability to innovate and respond to customer needs rapidly;

• Ability to prepare for, detect and mitigate large-scale cyber security threats;

• Ability to prepare for, detect and mitigate large-scale cybersecurity threats;

• Ability for products to scale to facilitate high-speed network traffic;

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Quality assurance and testing is performed at our San Jose, Taiwan and Japan distribution centers, as well as at our manufacturers’ locations.

We warehouse and deliver our products out of our San Jose warehouse for the Americas and direct from Taiwan for APAC and EMEA.

We warehouse and deliver our products out of our San Jose warehouse for the Americas and direct from Taiwan for APJ and EMEA.

We outsource delivery to a third-party logistics provider for deliveries in Japan.

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Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or to obtain and use trade secrets or other information that we regard as proprietary.

In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States.

In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the U.S.

Any issued patent may not preserve our proprietary position, and competitors or others may develop technologies similar to or superior to our technology.

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We license software from third parties for development of, or integration into, our products, including proprietary and open source software.

We pursue registration of our trademarks and domain names in the United States and other jurisdictions.

We pursue registration of our trademarks and domain names in the U.S.

and other jurisdictions.

See Part I, Item 1A.

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Corporate Responsibility

A10 Networks’ mission is to enable business-critical networks that are secure, available and efficient.

Our mission is to enable business-critical networks that are secure, available and efficient.

In our rapidly expanding digital economy, this has never been more relevant and critical.

Our customers rely on us to help them drive better business outcomes now and into the future.

With our mission in mind, we are committed to maintaining the highest standards of ethics and corporate governance, and to fostering a diverse and inclusive workforce and customer and partner ecosystem.

We believe these practices will deliver the highest value for our employees, customers, partners and shareholders.

With our mission in mind, we are committed to maintaining the highest standards of ethics and corporate governance, and to fostering a customer and partner ecosystem.

These standards are described in our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, which can be accessed at https://investors.a10networks.com/corporate-responsibility/default.aspx .

We believe these practices will deliver the highest value for our employees, customers, partners and stockholders.

Our global footprint provides an additional level of sustainability for business performance, and we drive this responsibility across all our global locations.

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Environmental

We are committed to business practices that preserve the environment upon which our society and economy depend.

We are committed to meeting or exceeding all legal and compliance guidelines for our people, products and operations.

In addition, we strive to deliver products and services that minimize the impact to the environment throughout our value chain.

Our environmental initiatives are aligned with the 1.5°C ambition as outlined in the Paris Agreement, and we have corporate goals to support the initiative.

We work with our contract manufacturers and suppliers to maintain compliance with, for example, RoHS, REACH and WEEE in the EU and elsewhere across the globe for other such environmental requirements.

We are committed to business practices that preserve the environment, recognizing its fundamental role in sustaining our society and economy.

We are committed to meeting and strive to exceed all legal and compliance requirements

related to our people, products, and operations.

Additionally, we aim to deliver products and services that minimize environmental impact across our entire value chain.

• Environmental Sustainability Policy :

We have adopted an Environmental Sustainability Policy, which can be accessed on our corporate website:

https://investors.a10networks.com .

• Ongoing Environmental Initiatives :

We continuously evaluate environmental initiatives to further develop our corporate policies and objectives.

One such initiative is a sustainability project focused on reducing carbon emissions.

We have engaged a sustainability expert and established 2019 as the baseline year for our 10-year carbon reduction plan.

This strategy aligns with the 1.5°C initiative scope protocols.

• Sustainable Facilities & Energy Efficiency :

Our corporate headquarters in San Jose, California, complies with the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24) to reduce wasteful and unnecessary energy consumption.

We have also planned for increased use of renewable energy in partnership with PG&E.

Additionally, we provide EV charging stations for employees and visitors and facilitate recycling and proper disposal of e-waste, in accordance with local requirements.

• Conflict Minerals Supply Chain Policy :

Under our Conflict Minerals Supply Chain Policy, which can be viewed at https://investors.a10networks.com/corporate-responsibility/default.aspx , we expect our suppliers to comply with our standards for responsible sourcing of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas.

Suppliers must cooperate with our due diligence inquiries, information requests, and certifications to meet reporting and disclosure obligations and ensure they do not knowingly contribute to local conflict or human rights abuses.

We work with our contract manufacturers and suppliers to maintain compliance with, for example, RoHS, REACH and WEEE in the European Union (“EU”) and elsewhere across the globe for other such environmental requirements.

The Company’s Conflict Minerals Supply Chain Policy as well as our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics outlines our practices and procedures with respect to human rights to ensure participants in our supply chain do not knowingly contribute to local conflict or human rights abuses.

We expect our suppliers to comply with our policy on responsible sourcing of minerals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas and to cooperate with our diligence inquiries and requests for information and certification as may be required by us to comply with reporting and disclosure obligations to which we are subject from time to time.

Our corporate headquarters in San Jose, California, is compliant with the California Building Energy Efficiency Standards - Title 24 to reduce wasteful and unnecessary energy consumption.

The Company has planned for greater use of renewable energy in partnership with the local utility, PG&E.

At our headquarters, we offer EV charging stations to our employees and visitors, and where applicable according to local requirements, we offer recycling and we properly dispose of e-waste.

Diversity, Inclusion & Equal Opportunity

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We have implemented Diversity, Equal Opportunity, and Inclusion action planning teams focused on analysis from diversity surveys and focus groups.

We have ongoing outreach efforts to recruit a diverse candidate pool and are building questions into our engagement survey to promote a diverse and inclusive environment.

We are committed to ensuring our team members are treated with fairness and respect.

We have ongoing outreach efforts to recruit a diverse candidate pool.

We are committed to ensuring our team members are treated with fairness, dignity and respect.

We believe that a cooperative work environment, based on trust and mutual respect, is essential to our success.

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As new employees join us, they learn more about our policies and culture through orientation and onboarding, our Employee Handbook, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, and compliance trainings.

They are also given access to our Statement Against Discrimination and are expected to comply with it.

These all provide guidance on how we expect to operate in order to foster diversity, equity and inclusion across our company.

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We also comply with all applicable state and local laws governing nondiscrimination in employment.

We use as a guide the code of conduct policies set fourth by the Responsible Business Alliance, the world’s largest industry coalition dedicated to corporate social responsibility in global supply chains, and we expect all of our suppliers to do so as well.

Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and our Statements Against Discrimination and Modern Slavery can be found on our corporate website at https://investors.A10networks.com within the “Governance - Governance Documents” section.

Total Rewards

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Sixty percent of our directors currently self-identify as being from one or multiple diverse groups, including gender.

We continuously review and improve our corporate governance guidelines in response to changing requirements and feedback from employees, customers, partners, vendors and shareholders.

We continuously review and improve our corporate governance guidelines in response to changing requirements and feedback from employees, customers, partners, vendors and stockholders.

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees of the Board of Directors, consisting entirely of independent directors, evaluates the appropriate governance practices as defined by law and industry best practice and takes those recommendations to the Board of Directors.

Currently, four of five Board members are independent and three of five have less than five years of tenure.

A10 engages with an independent audit firm to ensure the Company complies with relevant requirements such as the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Currently, four of five Board members are independent.

We engage with an independent audit firm to ensure the Company complies with relevant requirements such as the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

The Company’s governance and code of conduct policies are outlined in the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Whistleblower Policy and the Employee Handbook.

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We announce material information to the public about the Company, our products and services and other matters through a variety of means, including our website ( www.A10networks.com ), the investor relations section of our website ( https://investors.A10networks.com ), press releases, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, public conference calls, and social media, including our corporate X (formerly Twitter) account ( @A10Networks) and our corporate Facebook page ( https://www.facebook.com/a10networks ).

Information provided includes press releases and other information about financial performance, information on environmental, social and governance and details related to the Company’s annual

meeting of shareholders.

Information provided includes press releases and other information about financial performance, information on environmental, social and governance and details related to the Company’s annual meeting of stockholders.

The contents of our website and social media contents are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our websites are intended to be inactive textual references only.

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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1. Business