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Item 1A. Risk Factors

2026-02-25 compared with 2025-03-03 · 264 added, 182 removed, 474 unchanged (48% of the section changed)

In evaluating the Company, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing at the end of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The occurrence of any of the following risks could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or growth prospects or cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements we have made in this report and those we may make from time to time.

The occurrence of any of the following risks could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or growth prospects or

cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements we have made in this report and those we may make from time to time.

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us.

Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial also may adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows.

Risks Related to the APA Acquisition

We may be unable to successfully integrate APA’s business into our business or achieve the anticipated benefits or synergies of the APA Acquisition.

Our ability to achieve the anticipated benefits or synergies of the APA Acquisition will depend in part upon whether we can integrate APA’s business into our existing business in an efficient and effective manner.

We may not be able to accomplish this integration process successfully.

The successful integration of APA’s business requires an assessment and implementation of several factors, including:

• the ability to successfully combine our respective businesses in a manner that permits us to achieve the cost savings, synergies and other anticipated benefits from the APA Acquisition;

• integrating complex systems, operating procedures, compliance programs, technology, networks and other assets while carrying on our ongoing business in a manner that reduces any adverse impact on customers, suppliers, employees and other constituencies;

• managing the expanded operations of a larger and more complex company.

In addition, any potential unknown liabilities, liabilities that are significantly larger than we currently anticipate, and unforeseen increased expenses or delays associated with the APA Acquisition, including cash costs of integration, may exceed what we currently anticipate.

Any one of these factors could result in increased costs, decreased benefits and diversion of management’s attention, which could materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, even following successful integration, the anticipated benefits or synergies of the APA Acquisition may not be realized fully, or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected.

We will incur significant transaction costs in connection with the integration of APA’s business into our business.

We have incurred and are expected to continue to incur a number of non-recurring costs associated with the integration of APA’s business into our business, combining the operations of APA with ours and achieving desired synergies.

These costs have been, and will continue to be, significant.

A substantial majority of non-recurring expenses will consist of transaction costs and may include, among others, fees paid to financial, legal, accounting and other advisors and employee retention, severance, and benefit costs.

We will also incur costs related to formulating and implementing integration plans.

Although we expect that the elimination of duplicative costs, as well as the realization of synergies and efficiencies related to the integration of APA’s business, should allow us to offset these transaction costs over time, this net benefit may not be achieved in the near term or at all.

We and APA will be subject to business uncertainties following the APA Acquisition, which could adversely affect our business.

In connection with the APA Acquisition, it is possible that certain persons with whom we or APA have a business relationship may delay or defer certain business decisions or might decide to seek to terminate,

change or renegotiate their relationships with us or APA, as the case may be, as a result of the APA Acquisition, which could negatively affect our revenues, earnings and cash flows as well as the market price of our common stock.

In addition, our and APA’s ability to attract, retain and motivate employees may be impaired for a period of time following the APA Acquisition, as current and prospective employees may experience uncertainty about their roles within the Company following the APA Acquisition.

We may not be able to implement effective internal controls over financial reporting for the APA business in a timely manner or once implemented, such controls may not operate effectively.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

Prior to our acquisition thereof, APA, as a privately-held company, had not been required to implement or maintain disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting that a public company is required to have, implement and maintain.

Under SEC rules, we have one year from the date of the APA Acquisition to implement such disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting at APA.

Although we are developing a plan designed to implement effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting at APA, we cannot assure you that such plans will be fully implemented in a timely manner or that we will be able to successfully implement and maintain the effectiveness of such plans by the time management assesses the effectiveness of our internal controls, including APA, for fiscal year 2026.

In addition, during the continuation of our integration efforts, we may identify deficiencies in APA’s controls.

Any failure to timely implement effective internal controls could result in, among other things, a decline in the market price of our stock, restatement of our consolidated financial statements, or reputational harm.

Risks Related to Demand for our Products

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If demand for solar energy fails to develop sufficiently, demand for our products will decrease, which would have an adverse impact on our ability to increase our revenue and grow our business.

The viability and demand for solar energy and the demand for our products are impacted by many factors outside of our control, including but not limited to, the retail price of electricity, availability of in-demand components like high voltage breakers, various policies related to the permitting and interconnection costs of solar plants, and the availability of incentives for solar energy and products, which makes it difficult to predict our future prospects.

The viability and demand for solar energy and the demand for our products are impacted by many factors outside of our control, including but not limited to, the cost and availability of necessary raw materials like steel and of in-demand components like high-voltage breakers, various policies related to the permitting and interconnection costs of solar plants, and the availability of incentives for solar energy and products, which makes it difficult to predict our future prospects.

The viability and demand for solar energy, and in turn, our products, may be affected by many factors outside of our control.

While we have been in existence since 1989, we have grown and expanded significantly.

While we have been in existence since 1989, we have grown and expanded significantly since then.

Our significant growth and expansion, combined with the rapidly evolving and competitive nature of our industry, makes it difficult to predict our future prospects.

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• regional, national or global macroeconomic trends, which could affect the demand for new energy resources and customers’ ability to finance new projects;

If we are not able to mitigate these risks and overcome these difficulties successfully, our business and prospects will be materially and adversely affected.

Competitive pressures within our industry may harm our business, result of operations, financial condition and prospects.

• shifts in electricity demand, including those associated with the rapid expansion of data centers and other energy-intensive facilities, which may affect the timing, scale or economics of solar development or the competitiveness of solar energy relative to other generation technologies.

If we are not able to mitigate these risks and overcome these difficulties successfully, our business and prospects may be materially adversely affected.

Competitive pressures within our industry may harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

The solar tracker industry is globally fragmented and we face intense competition in nearly all of the markets in which we compete.

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Additionally, new competitors may decide to enter our market as a result of, among other factors, lower barriers to entry and lower R&D costs in comparison with the average costs in R&D in other energy industries.

We may also face adverse effects from increased competition in the solar EPC market by EPCs subjecting their subcontractors, such as us, to flow-down contractual clauses which provide that a subcontractor’s obligations to an EPC are identical to the obligations

the EPC has to the EPC’s end customer.

This may result in higher contractual risk to us, such as “pay if paid” clauses that require EPCs to pay us only when the end customer pays the EPC, higher liquidated damages amounts, increased contractual liabilities above 100% of the contract value and more limited force majeure clauses, among others.

As the solar energy market continues to grow, EPCs are also expected to increasingly seek second sources for their suppliers.

Any of these factors may materially and adversely affect our business, result of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We face competition from conventional and renewable energy sources.

We face significant competition from providers of conventional and renewable energy alternatives such as coal, nuclear, natural gas and wind.

We compete with conventional energy sources primarily based on price, predictability of price and energy availability and the ease with which customers can use electricity generated by solar energy projects.

Any of these factors may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We face competition from conventional and other renewable energy sources.

We face significant competition from providers of conventional and other renewable energy alternatives such as coal, nuclear, natural gas and wind.

We compete with conventional energy sources primarily based on price, predictability of price and energy availability and the ease with which customers can use electricity generated

by solar energy projects.

If solar energy systems cannot offer a compelling value to customers based on these factors, then our business growth may be impaired.

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Non-renewable generation is typically available for dispatch at any time, as it is not dependent on the availability of intermittent resources such as sunlight.

We are dependent on a relatively small number of customers for our sales.

A loss of one or more of our significant customers, their inability to perform under their contracts, or their default in payment could harm our business and negatively impact revenue, results of operations, and cash flow.

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Accordingly, loss of a significant customer or a significant reduction in pricing or order volume from a significant customer could materially reduce net sales and operating results in any reporting period.

A drop in the price of electricity sold may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

A drop in the price of electricity sold may harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects.

Decreases in the price of electricity, whether in organized electric markets or with contract counterparties, may negatively impact the owners of the solar energy projects or make the purchase of solar energy systems less economically attractive and would likely lower sales of our products.

The price of electricity could decrease as a result of:

• construction of a significant number of new, lower-cost power generation plants, including plants utilizing natural gas, renewable energy or other generation technologies;

• construction of a significant number of new, lower-cost power generation plants, including plants utilizing natural gas, other renewable energy or other generation technologies;

• relief of transmission constraints that enable distant, lower-cost generation to transmit energy less expensively or in greater quantities;

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• development of new energy generation technologies that provide less expensive energy.

If the cost of electricity generated by solar energy installations incorporating our systems is high relative to the cost of electricity from other sources, then our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

Our results of operations may fluctuate across fiscal periods, which could make our future performance difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations for a particular period to fall below expectations, resulting in a decline in the price of our common stock.

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We have experienced seasonal and quarterly fluctuations in the past as a result of seasonal fluctuations in our customers’ business.

Our end-users’ ability to install solar energy systems is affected by weather, as for example during the winter months in Europe and the northeastern U.S.

Our end-users’ ability to install solar energy systems is affected by weather, for example, during the winter months in parts of Europe and in the northeastern U.S.

Such installation delays can impact the timing of orders for our products.

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Federal, state, local and foreign government regulations and policies concerning the broader electric utility industry, as well as internal policies and regulations promulgated by electric utilities and organized electric markets with respect to fees, practices, and rate design heavily influence the market for electricity generation products and services.

These regulations and policies often affect electricity pricing and the interconnection of generation facilities, and can be subject to frequent modifications by governments, regulatory bodies, utilities and market operators.

and market operators.

For example, changes in fee structures, electricity pricing structures, regional market rules and system permitting, interconnection and operating requirements can deter purchases of renewable energy products, including solar energy systems, by reducing anticipated revenues or increasing costs or regulatory burdens for would-be system purchasers.

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PURPA also requires that such sales occur at a utility’s “avoided cost” rate.

FERC’s reforms to its PURPA regulations include modifications (1) to how regulators and electric utilities may establish avoided cost rates for new contracts, (2) that reduce from 20 MW to 5 MW the capacity threshold above which a renewable-energy qualifying facility is rebuttably presumed to have non-discriminatory market access, thereby removing the requirement for certain utilities to purchase its output, (3) that require regulators to establish criteria for determining when an electric utility incurs a legally enforceable obligation to purchase from a PURPA qualifying facility, and (4) that reduce barriers for third parties to challenge a renewable facility’s PURPA eligibility.

FERC’s reforms to its PURPA regulations include modifications:

(i) to how regulators and electric utilities may establish avoided cost rates for new contracts;

(ii) that reduce from 20 MW to 5 MW the capacity threshold above which a renewable-energy qualifying facility is rebuttably presumed to have non-discriminatory market access, thereby removing the requirement for certain utilities to purchase its output;

(iii) that require regulators to establish criteria for determining when an electric utility incurs a legally enforceable obligation to purchase from a PURPA qualifying facility;

and (iv) that reduce barriers for third parties to challenge a renewable facility’s PURPA eligibility.

These regulations took effect on February 16, 2021, but the net effect of these changes is uncertain, as some changes will not become fully effective until states and other jurisdictions implement the new authorities provided by FERC.

In general, however, FERC’s PURPA reforms have the potential to reduce prices for the output from certain new renewable generation projects while also narrowing the scope of PURPA eligibility for new projects.

These effects could reduce opportunities and demand for PURPA-eligible solar energy systems and could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, there is an ongoing dispute regarding how to calculate the 80MW maximum “power production capacity” for small power qualifying facilities under PURPA.

In addition, an ongoing dispute regarding how to calculate the 80MW maximum “power production capacity” for small power qualifying facilities under PURPA was recently resolved.

In 2021, FERC certified such a facility based on its net output, rather than total nameplate capability of a facility for purposes of PURPA eligibility.

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Circuit to reconsider its ruling on FERC’s approach to calculating capacity for PURPA eligibility.

Circuit requires a different methodology to be used for determining qualifying facility eligibility under PURPA or whether qualifying facilities are eligible for certain exemptions under the Federal Power Act, facilities that are currently eligible for qualifying facility status or such exemptions could lose their status or exemptions.

This change could also reduce demand for PURPA-eligible products and could harm our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations.

In September 2025, the D.C.

Circuit re-affirmed FERC’s approach to certifying a facility based on its net output for purposes of PURPA eligibility.

This decision provides regulatory certainty to developers of solar projects.

FERC is also taking steps to encourage the integration of new forms of generation into the electric grid and remove barriers to grid access, which could have positive impacts on the solar energy industry.

For example, on July 28, 2023, FERC issued a final rule, designated as Order No.

2023, to reform procedures and agreements that electric transmission providers use to interconnect new generating facilities to the existing transmission system.

And in June 2024, FERC issued a final rule, designated as Order No.

1920, which it modified slightly in November 2024, to reform the procedures electric transmission providers must use for long-term planning of expansions to the transmission system and the allocation of the resulting costs to transmission customers, including electric generating facilities.

2023 and modified in part in March 2024, to reform procedures and agreements that electric transmission providers use to interconnect new generating facilities to the existing transmission system.

In June 2024, FERC issued a final rule, designated as Order No.

1920, which it modified in part in November 2024 and again in April 2025, to reform the procedures electric transmission providers must use for long-term planning of expansions to the transmission system and the allocation of the resulting costs to transmission customers, including electric generating facilities.

Transmission providers’ implementation of Order Nos.

2023 and 1920 is still in process.

If these final rules do not have their intended effect or if they are overturned on an appeal, this could negatively impact our business, prospects, and results of operations.

Changes in other current laws or regulations applicable to us or the imposition of new laws, regulations or policies in the U.S., Europe or other jurisdictions in which we do business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any changes to government, utility or electric market regulations or policies that favor electric utilities, non-solar generation, or other market participants, or that make construction or operation of new solar generation facilities more expensive or difficult, could reduce the competitiveness of solar energy systems and cause a significant reduction in demand for our products and services and adversely impact our growth.

In addition, changes in our products or changes in export and import laws, including new or additional tariffs, and implementing regulations may create delays in the introduction of new products in international markets, prevent our customers from deploying our products internationally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries altogether.

Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

the competitiveness of solar energy systems and cause a significant reduction in demand for our products and services and adversely impact our growth.

The interruption of the flow of components and materials from international vendors could disrupt our supply chain, including as a result of the imposition of additional duties, tariffs and other charges on imports and exports.

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Any shortages of components and materials would affect our ability to timely deliver our products to our customers consistent with our contractual obligations, which may result in liquidated damages or contractual disputes with our customers, harm our reputation and lead to a decrease in demand for our products.

Our ability to deliver our products in a cost-efficient manner have in recent years and could continue to be adversely impacted by other factors not within our control, including, but not limited to, shortages in available cargo capacity, changes by carriers and transportation companies in policies and practices such as scheduling, pricing, payment terms and frequency of service, increases in the cost of fuel, sanctions and labor availability and cost.

In recent years, our ability to deliver our products in a cost-efficient manner has been, and could continue to be, adversely impacted by other factors not within our control, including, but not limited to, shortages in available cargo capacity, changes by carriers and transportation companies in policies and practices such as scheduling, pricing, payment terms and frequency of service, increases in the cost of fuel, sanctions and labor availability and cost.

Further, our products are manufactured from steel and, as a result, our business is significantly affected by the price of steel.

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If we do not increase our prices due to an increase in the price of steel, we will experience lower profitability on our products.

Conversely, if steel prices decline, customers may demand lower prices and

our and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices, lower volume, and consequently, negatively affect our profitability.

Conversely, if steel prices decline, customers may demand lower prices and our and our competitors’ responses to those demands could result in lower sale prices, lower volume, and consequently, negatively affect our profitability.

In addition, as noted above, the IRA provides incremental tax credits for U.S.

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Changes in the global trade environment, including the imposition of import tariffs, could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenues, results of operations or cash flows.

Escalating trade tensions, particularly between the U.S.

Escalating trade tensions, including between the U.S.

and China, have led to increased tariffs and trade restrictions, including tariffs applicable to certain materials and components for our products or for products used in solar energy projects more broadly, such as module supply and availability.

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imposed a 25% tariff on steel imports and a 10% tariff on aluminum imports pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and extended these tariffs to cover imports of derivative steel and aluminum articles on February 2020 under the same legal authority.

These tariffs were increased on February 10, 2025, resulting in across-the-board 25% duties on steel and aluminum imports.

Additionally, all previous alternative arrangements, such as complete exemptions, hard quotas, or tariff rate quotas (TRQs), with trading partners on imports of steel and aluminum products, will be eliminated as of March 12, 2025.

The February 2025 proclamations also eliminate the system for exclusions, under which thousands of products were allowed to enter the U.S.

free of these additional duties and create a process by which additional “derivative” products can be added to the scope of the tariffs by request of the domestic producer.

These tariffs were increased on February 10, 2025, pursuant to two proclamations from President Trump (the “February 2025 Proclamations”), resulting in across-the-board 25% duties on steel and aluminum imports.

Additionally, all previous alternative arrangements, such as complete exemptions, hard quotas, or tariff rate quotas, with trading partners on imports of steel and aluminum products, have been eliminated.

The February 2025 Proclamations also eliminated the system for exclusions, under which thousands of products were allowed to enter the U.S.

free of these additional duties and created a process by which additional “derivative” products could be added to the scope of the tariffs by request of the domestic producer.

To the extent we continue to use overseas suppliers of steel and aluminum, these tariffs could result in interruptions in the supply chain and impact costs and our gross margins.

In addition, the threat of potential tariffs can create uncertainty among our customers and slow down the rate of existing projects and projects in our orderbook.

Additionally, in January 2018, the U.S.

In addition, the threat of potential tariffs can create uncertainty among our customers and slow the rate of existing projects and projects in our orderbook.

On February 1, 2025, President Trump issued executive orders directing the U.S.

to impose new tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China, to take effect on February 4, 2025.

On February 3, 2025, President Trump announced his intention to pause these tariffs on Canada and Mexico for a 30-day period.

The tariffs impose an additional 25% ad valorem rate of duty on all imports from Canada and Mexico (other than imports

of Canadian energy resources, which are subject to a 10% ad valorem rate of duty) and an additional 10% ad valorem rate of duty on all imports from China.

On March 4, 2025, the previously announced 25% tariff on Canadian and Mexican goods took effect and the tariff on Chinese goods was doubled to 20%.

On June 4, 2025 tariffs on steel and aluminum increased from 25% to 50% on all steel and aluminum coming from Canada.

Further, on July 31, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order increasing the ad valorem rate on imports from Canada to 35%.

President Trump also has threatened a 30% ad valorem rate on imports from Mexico, though those are not currently in effect.

On April 2, 2025, President Trump introduced a baseline tariff rate of 10% on most countries and individualized rates on some countries of up to 50% (the “reciprocal tariffs”).

On April 9, 2025, President Trump increased tariffs for Chinese goods to 125% (making the tariff rate for certain products up to 145% due to the “stacking” nature of the relevant tariffs), while also issuing an executive order that the reciprocal tariffs that had been announced on April 2, 2025 for other countries would be reduced to a baseline rate of 10% for a period of 90 days starting on April 10, 2025.

On July 7, 2025, President Trump extended the initial 90-day pause on the reciprocal tariffs (except for those relating to China) and maintained the 10% baseline rate until August 1, 2025.

On July 31, 2025, President Trump announced via an executive order reciprocal tariffs above the 10% baseline rate for a number of countries;

these rates became effective as of August 7, 2025.

In November 2025, the Supreme Court heard arguments in a case challenging tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”).

In February 2026, the Supreme Court issued a ruling that IEEPA does not authorize the imposition of tariffs.

Although the ruling has been issued, its implications for trade policy and related administrative actions remain uncertain.

The Company is reviewing the decision and will evaluate its potential impact, including with respect to any potential refunds, as further information becomes available.

President Trump also launched a new Section 301 investigation into Brazil’s alleged unreasonable or discriminatory trade practices;

initiated a new Section 232 investigation into imports of polysilicon and its derivatives and a new Section 232 investigation into imports of unmanned aircraft systems and their parts and components, among other Section 232 investigations;

and announced a 50% tariff on imports of copper following the conclusion of a Section 232 investigation, effective August 1, 2025.

We are continuing to evaluate the potential impact of the imposition of the announced tariffs, the effect of the Supreme Court decision on tariffs described above, and any additional or retaliatory tariffs, to our business and financial condition.

While we do not believe that the tariffs announced by the U.S.

in 2025 and through the date of filing this Form 10-K in 2026 will have a material adverse effect upon our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity, the actual impact of new tariffs is subject to a number of factors including the effective date and duration of such tariffs, changes in the amount, scope and nature of the tariffs in the future, any countermeasures that the target countries may take and any mitigating actions that may become available.

More broadly, President Trump has directed the U.S.

Department of Commerce (the “USDOC”), the U.S.

Trade Representative (the “USTR”), and other agencies, to review and identify unfair trade practices by other countries and recommend appropriate actions, as well as recommend modifications of antidumping and countervailing duty (“AD/CVD”) laws to further induce compliance by foreign respondents and governments involved in those proceedings.

These directives issued under the America First Trade Policy and the Reciprocal Trade and Tariffs Presidential Memoranda may have far-reaching effects on the global trading system.

In January 2018, the U.S.

adopted a tariff on imported solar modules and cells pursuant to Section 201 of the Trade Act of 1974.

The tariff was initially set at 30%, with a gradual reduction over four years to 15%.

While this tariff does not apply directly to the components we import, it may indirectly affect us by impacting the financial viability of solar energy projects, which could in turn reduce demand for our products.

On February 4, 2022, former President Biden extended the safeguard tariff for an additional four years, starting at a rate of 14.75% and reducing that rate each year to 14% in 2026, and directed the U.S.

Trade Representative to conclude agreements with Canada and Mexico on trade in solar products.

While this tariff does not apply directly to the components we import, it may indirectly affect Array by impacting the financial viability of solar energy projects, which could in turn reduce demand for our products.

On July 7, 2022, the U.S.

and Canada entered into a non-binding memorandum of understanding in which the U.S.

agreed to suspend application of the safeguard tariff to Canadian crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells imported as of February 1, 2022.

and Canada entered into a non-

binding memorandum of understanding in which the U.S.

agreed to suspend application of the safeguard tariff to Canadian crystalline silicon PV cells imported as of February 1, 2022.

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Products on Lists 1, 2, and 3 are subject to 25% tariffs, while products on List 4A are subject to 7.5% tariffs.

On December 16, 2024, the U.S.

Trade Representative (“USTR”) announced that it would increase Section 301 tariffs on polysilicon and wafers to 50% in 2025.

On December 16, 2024, the USTR announced that it would increase Section 301 tariffs on polysilicon and wafers to 50% in 2025.

At the same time, the USTR implemented 14 tariff exclusions for listed solar cell and wafer manufacturing equipment.

While these tariffs are not directly applicable to our products, they could impact the solar energy projects in which our products are used, which could lead to decreased demand for our products.

On August 18, 2023, the U.S.

Department of Commerce (“USDOC”) issued final affirmative determinations of circumvention with respect to certain crystalline solar photovoltaic (“CSPV”) cells and modules produced in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam using parts and components from China.

As a result, certain CSPV cells and modules from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam are now subject to antidumping and countervailing duty (“AD/CVD”) orders on CSPV cells and modules from China that have been in place since 2012.

On August 18, 2023, the USDOC issued final affirmative determinations of circumvention with respect to certain crystalline solar photovoltaic (“CSPV”) cells and modules produced in Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam using parts and components from China.

As a result, certain CSPV cells and modules from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam are now subject to AD/CVD orders on CSPV cells and modules from China that have been in place since 2012.

Subject to certain certification and utilization conditions, imports of CSPV cells and modules covered by the circumvention determinations that entered the U.S.

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on or after June 6, 2024 are subject to AD/CVD cash deposit requirements of the China AD/CVD orders and, possibly, final AD/CVD duty liability.

deposit rates for CSPV modules covered by the China AD/CVD orders vary significantly depending on the producer and exporter of the modules and may amount to over 250% of the entered value of the imported merchandise.

Cash deposit rates for CSPV modules covered by the China AD/CVD orders vary significantly depending on the producer and exporter of the modules and may amount to over 250% of the entered value of the imported merchandise.

Additionally, in October 2023, a coalition of U.S.

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In September 2024, the USDOC released its final determination from their investigations against aluminum extrusions from multiple countries.

On October 30, 2024, the USITC voted to find no injury in its pending AD/CVD investigation, meaning that the USDOC’s AD/CVD orders will not go into effect.

On October 30, 2024, the U.S.

International Trade Commission (“USITC”) voted to find no injury in its pending AD/CVD investigation, meaning that the USDOC’s AD/CVD orders will not go into effect.

The coalition of petitioners may still appeal the USITC’s decision, and we will continue to monitor developments in the appeal process.

If the USITC’s decision is overturned on appeal, the imposition of AD/CVD orders could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

On April 24, 2024, the American Alliance for Solar Manufacturing Trade Committee, an ad hoc coalition of domestic producers of CSPV cells and modules, filed a petition with the USDOC and the U.S.

International Trade Commission (“USITC”) seeking the imposition of AD/CVD tariffs on imports of CSPV cells and modules from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

The USITC made a preliminary affirmative determination on June 7, 2024, and the USDOC made its preliminary affirmative determination on October 1, 2024.

The preliminary tariff rates vary from below 1% to almost 300%, depending on the relevant company.

While we do not sell solar modules, the degree of our exposure is dependent on, among other things, the impact of the investigation on the projects that are also intended to use our products, with such impact being largely out of our control.

We have seen a number of projects in our order book delayed as a result of the USDOC investigation.

The repeal of the 24-month exemption, and any affirmative determinations made once the exemption expires in any event, would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

On February 1, 2025, President Trump issued three executive orders directing the U.S.

to impose new tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China, to take effect on February 4, 2025.

On February 3, 2025, President Trump announced his intention to pause these tariffs on Canada and Mexico for the next month.

The tariffs impose an additional 25% ad valorem rate of duty on all imports from Canada and Mexico (other than imports of Canadian energy resources exports, which are subject to a 10% ad valorem rate of duty) and an additional 10% ad valorem rate of duty on all imports from China.

We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the imposition of the announced tariffs to our business and financial condition.

While we do not believe that the tariffs announced by the U.S.

on February 1, 2025 will have a material adverse effect upon our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity, the actual impact of the new tariffs is subject to a number of factors including the effective date and duration of such tariffs, changes in the amount, scope and nature of the tariffs in the future, any countermeasures that the target countries may take and any mitigating actions that may become available.

More broadly, President Trump has directed the USDOC, USTR, and other agencies, to review and identify unfair trade practices by other countries and recommend appropriate actions, as well as recommend modifications of AD/CVD laws to further induce compliance by foreign respondents and governments involved in those proceedings.

These directives have been issued under the America First Trade Policy and Reciprocal Trade and Tariffs memoranda, and the effects on the global trading system can be far-reaching.

On April 24, 2024, the American Alliance for Solar Manufacturing Trade Committee, an ad hoc coalition of domestic producers of CSPV cells and modules, filed a petition with the USDOC and the USITC seeking the imposition of AD/CVD tariffs on imports of CSPV cells and modules from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam.

On May 20, 2025, the USITC made a final determination that U.S.

industry had been materially injured by imports of CSPV cells, whether or not assembled into modules, from Malaysia and Vietnam and threatened with material injury by such imports from Cambodia and Thailand.

On June 24, 2025, the USDOC issued AD/CVD orders that took effect on June 24, 2025.

The rates under the AD/CVD orders vary from below 1% to more than 3,400%, depending on the relevant company.

On July 17, 2025, the Alliance for American Solar Manufacturing and Trade, a coalition of U.S.-based solar manufacturers, filed a petition with the USDOC and USITC seeking the imposition of AD/CVD tariffs on imports of CSPV cells and modules from India, Indonesia, and Laos.

The petition alleges dumping margins of 213.96% for India, 89.65% for Indonesia, and 245.79% to 249.09% for Laos.

The final determinations by the USDOC are expected sometime in the summer of 2026.

While we do not sell solar modules, the degree of our exposure is dependent on, among other things, the impact of the AD/CVD orders on the projects that are also intended to use our products, with such impact being largely out of our control.

We have seen a number of projects in our order book delayed as a result of the USDOC investigations, and effective enforcement of the AD/CVD orders could negatively impact our results of operations.

Tariffs and the possibility of additional tariffs in the future like those described above have created uncertainty in the industry.

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Additionally, existing or future tariffs may negatively affect key customers, suppliers, and manufacturing partners.

Such outcomes could

adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenues, results of operations or cash flows, and continuing uncertainty could cause sales volatility, price fluctuations or supply shortages or cause our customers to advance or delay their purchase of our products.

Such outcomes could adversely affect the amount or timing of our revenues, results of operations or cash flows, and continuing uncertainty could cause sales volatility, price fluctuations or supply shortages or cause our customers to advance or delay their purchase of our products.

It is difficult to predict what further trade-related actions governments may take, which may include additional or increased tariffs and trade restrictions, and we may be unable to quickly and effectively react to such actions.

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According to U.S.

Customs and Border Protection, “it establishes a rebuttable presumption that the importation of any goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China, or produced by certain entities, is prohibited by Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and that such goods, wares, articles, and merchandise are not entitled to entry to the U.S.

The presumption applies unless the Commissioner of U.S.

Customs and Border Protection determines that the importer of record has complied with specified conditions and, by clear and convincing evidence, that the goods, wares, articles, or merchandise were not produced using forced labor.” There continues to be uncertainty in the market around achieving full compliance with UFLPA, whether related to sufficient traceability of materials or other factors.

Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”), “[the UFLPA] establishes a rebuttable presumption that the importation of any goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China, or produced by certain entities, is prohibited by Section 307 of the Tariff Act of 1930 and that such goods, wares, articles, and merchandise are not entitled to entry to the United States.” U.S.

Customs and Border Protection stated that “[t]he presumption applies unless the Commissioner of CBP determines there is an exception through clear and convincing evidence, that the goods, wares, articles, or merchandise were not produced using forced labor or that UFLPA does not apply.” There continues to be uncertainty in the market around achieving full compliance with the UFLPA, whether related to sufficient traceability of materials or other factors.

This has created a significant compliance burden and constrained solar panel imports.

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As a result of these orders, certain products, including solar panels manufactured with polysilicon from Xinjiang, are effectively barred from entering the U.S.

We cannot determine with certainty whether our suppliers may become subject to a WRO, which could subject us to legal, reputational, and other risks.

We cannot determine with certainty

whether our suppliers may become subject to a WRO, which could subject us to legal, reputational, and other risks.

If this were to occur, we might have to find alternative suppliers on short notice, resulting in construction delays and disruption and higher costs.

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This segment of the solar industry has historically depended in large part on the availability and size of government incentives supporting the use of renewable energy.

See Item 1 - Business - Government Regulation - Government Incentives for a discussion of U.S.

Consequently, the reduction, elimination or expiration of government incentives for grid-connected solar electricity may negatively affect the competitiveness of solar electricity relative to conventional and non-solar renewable sources of electricity and could harm or halt the growth of the solar electricity industry and our business.

These subsidies and incentives may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is exhausted, or be reduced or terminated as renewable energy adoption rates increase or as a result of legal challenges, the adoption of new statuses or regulations or changes to existing regulations, or the passage of time.

These subsidies and incentives may expire on a particular date, end when the allocated funding is exhausted, or be reduced or terminated as renewable energy adoption rates increase or as a result of legal challenges, the adoption of new statutes or regulations or changes to existing regulations, or the passage of time.

These reductions, eliminations or expirations could occur without warning.

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will have on our results of operations is unclear.

In particular, the tax credit regime in place prior to the IRA’s enactment provided annual reductions in the applicable credit amount at the beginning of 2023 and 2024 and therefore encouraged customers to acquire our products prior to calendar year-end dates in order to qualify for a higher tax credit available for projects that commenced construction (within the meaning of IRS guidance) prior to those dates.

As a result of the changes made by the IRA, while there may continue to be an incentive for taxpayers to commence construction on facilities before certain dates, the tax credits will not experience annual reductions similar to those that would have occurred at the end of 2022 and 2023 for at least ten years and therefore customer sales may not be as high as they otherwise would have been through 2023 with the prior ITC step-down schedule.

This change could have an adverse impact on our results of operations in the near term, as we anticipated an increase in demand for our products in fiscal years 2022 and 2023) related to the prior ITC step-down schedule.

Additionally, the Trump Administration has issued numerous Executive Orders (“EOs”), including the Unleashing American Energy Executive Order on January 20, 2025, which requires an immediate pause in the disbursement of funds appropriated through the IRA during a 90-day review period.

We are currently evaluating these EOs and other related memoranda to determine what, if any, impact they might have on awards selected or received from the DOE.

This pause, or a similar pause, particularly if extended, could delay the timing of projects, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, if we are unable to meet the domestic content requirements necessary for customers using our tracker products to qualify for the incremental domestic content bonus credit and our competitors are able to do so, we might experience a decline in sales for U.S.

The timing and nature of implementing regulations clarifying the domestic content requirements as applied to our products remain uncertain.

Depending on the criteria set forth in those regulations, we may not have an adequate supply of tracker products satisfying the requirements, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage relative to suppliers who are able to maintain a more robust domestic supply chain.

As discussed in the section in Item 1 .

Business captioned “Government Regulation—Government Incentives,” the OBBB included changes to the energy tax credits, specifically that the solar ITC now terminates for facilities that are placed in service after December 31, 2027, but that termination does not apply if the taxpayer begins construction on the facility before July 4, 2026.

This could act as an incentive for taxpayers to construct facilities before a certain date.

On August 15, 2025, Treasury and the IRS issued Notice 2025-42, which eliminates the 5% safe harbor for utility-scale solar projects and only allows the physical work test to determine when a project begins construction.

Changes or reductions to these and other government incentives could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, if we are unable to meet the foreign entity of concern or domestic content requirements necessary for customers using our tracker products to qualify for the base tax credit or the incremental domestic content bonus credit and our competitors are able to do so, we might experience a decline in sales for U.S.

On February 13, 2026, Treasury guidance was released clarifying methods for calculating material assistance from a prohibited foreign entity and requesting comments.

The timing and nature of further of implementing regulations clarifying the foreign entity of concern requirements as applied to our products remain uncertain.

In addition, the Trump Administration could modify the guidance implementing the domestic content bonus credit.

Depending on the criteria set forth in those regulations or other guidance, we may not have an adequate supply of tracker products satisfying the requirements, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage relative to suppliers who are able to maintain a more robust domestic supply chain.

In addition, compliance with this requirement may increase our production costs.

As a result of these risks, the domestic content requirement may have a material adverse impact on our U.S.

As a result of these risks, the foreign entity of concern and domestic content requirements may have a material adverse impact on our U.S.

sales, business and results of operations.

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For example, since 2015, the U.S.

joined, withdrew from, rejoined

and then withdrew again from the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation following changes in administration among U.S.

Presidents Obama, Trump, Biden and Trump.

joined, withdrew from, rejoined and then withdrew again from the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation following changes in administration among U.S.

Presidents Obama, Trump, Biden and Trump, respectively.

The international markets in which we operate or may operate in the future may have or may put in place policies to promote renewable energy, including solar.

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We may not be able to optimize the benefits offered by these incentives or realize the growth that we expect from investments in the incentives, particularly in relation to competitors whose products might benefit disproportionately from these incentives.

In particular, there is a risk that the U.S.

Congress may seek to modify or repeal certain IRA energy tax incentives in order to pay for extensions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

There is no assurance that these governments will continue to provide sufficient incentives and support to the solar industry and that the industry in any particular country will not suffer significant downturns in the future as the result of changes in public policies or government interest in renewable energy, any of which would adversely affect demand for our solar products.

In addition, there is uncertainty regarding how the Trump Administration will implement the OBBB through regulations.

There is no assurance that governments will continue to provide sufficient incentives and support to the solar industry and that the industry in any particular country will not suffer significant downturns in the future as the result of changes in public policies or government interest in renewable energy, any of which could adversely affect demand for our solar products.

We may incur obligations, liabilities or costs under environmental, health and safety laws, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret and unfair competition laws, as well as confidentiality and license agreements and other contractual provisions, to establish and protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights.

Such means may afford only limited protection of our intellectual property and may not (i) prevent our competitors from duplicating our processes or technology;

Such means may afford only limited protection of our intellectual property and may not:

(i) prevent our competitors from duplicating our processes or technology;

(ii) prevent our competitors from gaining access to our proprietary information and technology;

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patents issued to us, there can be no assurance that any of our patents, patent applications, or other intellectual property rights will not be, in whole or in part, opposed, contested, challenged, invalidated, circumvented, designed around, or rendered unenforceable.

If we fail to obtain issuance of patents or registration of other intellectual property, or our patent claims or other intellectual property rights are rendered invalid or unenforceable, or narrowed in scope, the coverage of patents and other intellectual property rights afforded our products could be impaired.

Even if we are to obtain issuance of further patents or registration of other intellectual property, such intellectual property could be subjected to attacks on

ownership, validity, enforceability, or other legal attacks.

intellectual property rights afforded our products could be impaired.

Even if we are to obtain issuance of further patents or registration of other intellectual property, such intellectual property could be subjected to attacks on ownership, validity, enforceability, or other legal attacks.

Any such impairment or other failure to obtain sufficient intellectual property protection could impede our ability to market our products, negatively affect our competitive position and harm our business and operating results, including forcing us to, among other things, rebrand or re-design our affected products.

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If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position would be harmed.

We rely heavily on nondisclosure agreements to protect the unpatented know-how, technology, and other proprietary information on which we rely to maintain our competitive position.

However, trade secrets and know-how can be difficult to protect.

We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that has or may have had access to our proprietary information, know-how, technology and trade secrets, including third-party manufacturers, other suppliers, customers, other stakeholders involved in solar projects, or other business partners or prospective partners.

We rely heavily on nondisclosure agreements and technical and organizational measures to protect the unpatented know-how, trade secrets, technology, and other proprietary information on which we rely to maintain our competitive position.

However, we cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that has or may have had access to our proprietary information, know-how, technology or trade secrets, including third-party manufacturers, other suppliers, customers, other stakeholders involved in solar projects, or other business partners or prospective partners.

Moreover, no assurance can be given that these agreements will be effective in controlling access to, distribution, use, misuse, misappropriation or disclosure of our proprietary information, know-how and trade secrets.

Technical and organizational measures can also be vulnerable to attacks by third parties.

Such measures may also not be sufficient to completely safeguard our know-how, trade secrets, technology or other proprietary information.

We may need to defend ourselves against third-party claims that we are infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating others’ intellectual property rights, which could divert management’s attention, cause us to incur significant costs, and prevent us from selling or using the technology to which such rights relate.

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As a result, we could be forced to redesign our products and services, and/or to establish and maintain alternative branding for our products and services.

To avoid litigation or being prohibited from marketing or selling the relevant products or services, we could seek a license from the applicable third-party, which could require us to pay significant royalties, licensing fees, or other payments, increasing our operating expenses.

If a license is not available at all or not available on reasonable terms, we may be required to develop or license a non-violating alternative, either of which could be infeasible or require significant effort and expense.

To avoid litigation or being prohibited from marketing or selling the relevant products or services, we could seek a license from the applicable third party, which could require us to pay significant royalties, licensing fees, or other payments,

increasing our operating expenses.

If a license is not available on reasonable terms, or at all, we may be required to develop or license a non-violating alternative, either of which could be infeasible or require significant effort and expense.

If we cannot license or develop a non-violating alternative, we would be forced to limit or stop sales of our offerings and may be unable to effectively compete.

Finally, any litigation or claims,

whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs, negative publicity and diversion of resources and management attention, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Finally, any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs, negative publicity and diversion of resources and management attention, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We may be subject to claims that our employees, consultants, or advisors have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their current or former employers or claims asserting ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual property.

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Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims.

If we fail to successfully defend any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel.

If we fail to successfully defend any such claims, in addition to paying monetary damages, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights.

Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation would result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.

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Our reliance on these vendors makes us vulnerable to possible capacity constraints and reduced control over component availability, delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs.

If any of our vendors were unable or unwilling to manufacture the components that we require for our products in sufficient volumes and at high quality levels or renew existing terms under supply agreements, we would have to manufacture at our principal manufacturing facility the components manufactured by our vendors or identify, qualify and select acceptable alternative vendors, if not already multi-sourced.

Manufacturing at our principal manufacturing facility the components manufactured by our vendors may lower our cost efficiency, and an alternative vendor may not be available to us when needed or may not be in a position to satisfy our quality or production requirements on commercially reasonable terms, including price.

If any of our vendors were unable or unwilling to manufacture the components that we require for our products in sufficient volumes and at high quality levels or renew existing terms under supply agreements, we would have to identify, qualify and select acceptable alternative vendors, if not already multi-sourced.

Manufacturing the components manufactured by our vendors at our principal manufacturing facility may lower our cost efficiency, and an alternative vendor may not be available to us when needed or may not be in a position to satisfy our quality or production requirements on commercially reasonable terms, including price.

Any significant interruption in manufacturing would require us to reduce our supply of products to our customers or increase our shipping costs to make up for delays in manufacturing, which in turn could reduce our revenues, harm our relationships with our customers and damage our reputation with local installers and potential end-users and cause us to forego potential revenue opportunities.

Delays in construction projects and any failure to manage our inventory could have a material adverse effect on us.

Many of our products are used in large ‐ scale projects, which generally require a significant amount of planning and preparation and which can be delayed and rescheduled for a number of reasons, including customer or partner labor availability, difficulties in complying with environmental and other government regulations or obtaining permits, interconnection delays, financing issues, changes in project priorities, additional time required to acquire rights ‐ of ‐ way or property rights, unanticipated soil conditions, or health ‐ related shutdowns or other work stoppages.

or other work stoppages.

These delays may result in unplanned downtime, increased costs and inefficiencies in our operations, and increased levels of excess inventory.

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Significant price changes for these raw materials could reduce our operating margins if we are unable to recover such increases from our customers, and could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on transportation and logistics providers to deliver our products in a cost-efficient manner.

We are dependent on transportation and logistics providers to deliver our materials and products in a cost-efficient manner.

Disruptions to transportation and logistics, including increases in shipping costs, could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on transportation and logistics providers for the delivery of our products.

We rely on transportation and logistics providers for the delivery of the raw materials and components used to manufacture our products, and to deliver our completed products to our customers.

We may also incur additional shipping costs when we need to accelerate delivery times.

Our ability to deliver our products in a cost-efficient manner could be adversely impacted by shortages in available cargo capacity, changes by carriers and transportation companies in policies and practices, such as scheduling, pricing, payment terms and frequency of service or increases in the cost of fuel, taxes and labor, disruptions to shipping facilities as a result of a pandemic or other epidemics, and other factors not within our control.

The delivery of necessary materials for production, as well as our ability to deliver our products to our customers in a fast and cost-efficient manner could be adversely impacted by shortages in available cargo capacity, changes by carriers and transportation companies in policies and practices, such as scheduling, pricing, payment terms and frequency of service or increases in the cost of fuel, taxes and labor, disruptions to shipping facilities as a result of a pandemic or other epidemics, and other factors not within our control.

Disruptions to transportation and logistics, including increases in shipping costs, could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

For example, the disruption of container shipping traffic through the Red Sea has created port congestion, especially in Asia, and many shipping companies have paused shipments through the Suez Canal and the Red Sea as a result of attacks against commercial vessels in the area, affecting transit times, capacity, and shipping costs for routes connecting the rest of the world with Asia.

To address the challenges arising from prolonged transit times, we have increased our local sourcing efforts where feasible within certain regions.

For example, in the recent past we have seen disruptions of container shipping traffic through the Red Sea create port congestion, especially in Asia, and cause many shipping companies to pause shipments through the Suez Canal and the Red Sea as a result of attacks against commercial vessels in the area, affecting transit times, capacity, and shipping costs for routes connecting the rest of the world with Asia.

To address the persisting challenges arising from prolonged transit times, we have increased our local sourcing efforts where feasible within certain regions.

These measures aim to reduce delays to get the product to project sites on time.

There is still uncertainty on how long these disruptions and the severity of their impact on our operations will last, but we continue to monitor the situation and evaluate our procurement and supply chain strategies, to reduce any negative impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

There is still uncertainty on how long disruptions and the severity of their impact on our operations may last, but we continue to monitor such situations and evaluate our procurement and supply chain strategies, to reduce any negative impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Defects or performance problems in our products could result in loss of customers, reputational damage and decreased revenue, and we may experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations.

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As a result, we bear the risk of warranty claims long after we have sold products and recognized revenue.

While we have accrued reserves for warranty claims, our estimated warranty costs for previously sold products may change to the extent the warranty claims profile of future products is not comparable with that of earlier generation products under warranty.

Our warranty accruals are based on our assumptions and we do not have a long history of making

such assumptions.

While we have accrued reserves for

warranty claims, our estimated warranty costs for previously sold products may change to the extent the warranty claims profile of future products is not comparable with that of earlier generation products under warranty.

Our warranty accruals are based on our assumptions and we do not have a long history of making such assumptions.

As a result, these assumptions could prove to be materially different from the actual performance of our systems, causing us to incur substantial unanticipated expense to repair or replace defective products in the future or to compensate customers for defective products.

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Our continued planned expansion into new markets could subject us to additional business, financial, regulatory and competitive risks.

Part of our strategy is to continue to grow our revenues from international markets, including entering new geographic markets to expand our current international presence, entering into joint-venture or licensing arrangements with companies in certain markets, expanding our relationships with value-added resellers of our products in some countries, and utilizing locally sourced components in our products in jurisdictions where locally sourced components are a regulatory or customer requirement.

Our strategy continues to be to grow revenues outside of the U.S., including broader North America, as well as South America, Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia, but currently excludes China and India.

The products and

services we intend to offer in these regions may differ from our current products and services in several ways, such as the consumption and utilization of local raw materials, components and logistics, the re-engineering of select components to reduce costs, and region-specific customer training, site commissioning, warranty remediation and other technical services.

products in some countries, and utilizing locally sourced components in our products in jurisdictions where locally sourced components are a regulatory or customer requirement.

Our strategy continues to be to grow revenues outside of the U.S., including broader North America, as well as Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia.

The products and services we intend to offer in these regions may differ from our current products and services in several ways, such as the consumption and utilization of local raw materials, components and logistics, the re-engineering of select components to reduce costs, and region-specific customer training, site commissioning, warranty remediation and other technical services.

These markets have different characteristics from the markets in which we currently sell products, and our success will depend on our ability to adapt properly to these differences.

These differences include differing regulatory requirements, including tax laws, trade laws, labor regulations, tariffs, export quotas, customs duties or other trade restrictions, limited or unfavorable intellectual property protection, local content requirements, international political or economic conditions, restrictions on the repatriation of earnings, longer sales cycles, warranty expectations, product return policies and cost, performance and compatibility requirements.

In addition, expanding into new geographic markets will increase our exposure to presently existing risks, such as fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies and difficulties and increased expenses in complying with U.S.

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Movements in the exchange rate of the U.S.

dollar to the euro, the Brazilian real or other currencies, could increase the amount of cash that must be generated in foreign currencies in order to pay the principal and interest on our 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Convertible Notes”) and our 2.875% Convertible Senior Notes due 2031 (the “2031 Convertible Notes” and, together with the 2028 Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”) and our other U.S.

dollar denominated indebtedness.

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Failure to effectively utilize information technology systems or implement new technologies could disrupt our business or reduce our sales or profitability.

We rely extensively on various information technology systems, including data centers, hardware, software and applications to manage many aspects of our business, including to operate and provide our products and services, to process and record transactions, to enable effective communication systems, to track inventory flow, to manage logistics and to generate performance and financial reports.

services, to process and record transactions, to enable effective communication systems, to track inventory flow, to manage logistics and to generate performance and financial reports.

We are dependent on the integrity, security and consistent operations of these systems and related back-up systems.

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cyber-attacks;

catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes;

catastrophic events such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, or hurricanes;

acts of war or terrorism and design or usage errors by our employees or contractors.

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Cybersecurity or other data incidents, including unauthorized disclosure of personal or sensitive data or theft of confidential information could harm our business.

Our or our third-party vendors’ computer systems are vulnerable to cyber incidents and attacks, including malicious intrusion, ransomware attacks, and other system disruptions caused by unauthorized third parties.

Attempts by computer hackers or other unauthorized third parties to penetrate or otherwise gain access to our computer systems or the systems of third parties with which we do business through fraud or other means of deceit, have in the past, and may in the future, if successful, result in the misappropriation of personal information, data, check information or confidential business information.

Our commercial success depends on developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information technology systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our data.

Our or our third-party business partners’ information technology systems are vulnerable to cybersecurity incidents and attacks, including malicious intrusion, malware or ransomware attacks, denial-of-service attacks, and other system disruptions caused by unauthorized third parties.

Cybersecurity incidents can also include employee or personnel failures, fraud, phishing or other social engineering attempts or other methods to cause confidential information, payments, account access or access credentials, or other data to be transmitted to an unintended recipient.

Attempts by threat actors or other unauthorized third parties to penetrate or otherwise gain access to our information technology systems, or the systems of our third-party business partners through fraud or other means of deceit, have in the past, and may in the future, if successful, result in the misappropriation of personal information, data, financial information or confidential business information.

Hardware, software or applications we utilize may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security.

In addition, our employees, contractors or third parties with which we do business or to which we outsource business operations may attempt to circumvent our security measures in order to misappropriate such information and data and may purposefully or inadvertently cause a breach or other compromise involving such information and data.

We increasingly rely on commercially available systems, software, tools (including encryption technology) and monitoring to provide security and oversight for processing, transmission, storage and protection of confidential information and personal data, and we are not able to ensure that each of these systems is free from malicious code.

Despite advances in security hardware, software, and encryption technologies, and our own information security program and safeguards, there is no guarantee that our defenses and program will be adequate to safeguard against all data security breaches, cybersecurity attacks, misappropriation of confidential information or misuses of personal data and they have been breached in the past.

We may also experience security breaches and other incidents that may remain undetected for an extended period and therefore may have a greater impact on our products and the networks and systems used in our business.

We regularly defend against and respond to data security incidents.

We incur significant costs in our efforts to detect and prevent security breaches and other security-related incidents, and we may face increased costs in the event of an actual or perceived security breach or other security-related incident.

Despite our precautions, our facilities and systems, and those of third parties with which we do business, may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism and theft, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors, or other similar events, and there is no guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure will not occur or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this type of confidential information and personal data.

In addition, as the regulatory environment relating to retailers and other companies’ obligation to protect such sensitive data becomes increasingly rigorous, with new and constantly changing requirements applicable to our business, compliance with those requirements could result in additional costs, and a material failure on our part to comply could potentially subject us to fines or other regulatory sanctions and lawsuits.

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

In addition, our employees, contractors or our third-party business partners may attempt to circumvent our security measures in order to misappropriate such information and data and may purposefully or inadvertently cause a breach or other compromise involving such information and data.

We increasingly rely on commercially available systems, software, cloud-based services, tools (including encryption technology) and monitoring to provide security and oversight for processing, transmission, storage and protection of confidential information and personal data, and we are not able to ensure that each of these systems is free from malicious code.

The sophistication of threats continues to evolve and grow, including the risk associated with the use of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing.

We have experienced in the past, and may experience in the future, cybersecurity incidents and security breaches.

We may also experience cybersecurity incidents, security breaches and other incidents that may remain undetected for an extended period and therefore may have a greater impact on our products and the networks and systems used in our business.

Furthermore, while we maintain cybersecurity insurance, our insurance may not cover all liabilities incurred due to a security breach or incident.

We regularly defend against and respond to cybersecurity incidents.

We incur significant costs in our efforts to detect and prevent cybersecurity incidents, security breaches and other security-related incidents, and we may face increased costs in the event of an actual or perceived cybersecurity incident, security breach or other security-related incident.

Despite our precautions, our facilities and systems, and those of our third-party business partners, may be vulnerable to cybersecurity incidents, security breaches, acts of vandalism and theft, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors, or other similar events, and there is no guarantee that inadvertent or unauthorized use or disclosure will not occur or that third parties will not gain unauthorized access to this type of confidential information and personal data.

A cybersecurity incident relating to our information or systems or that of our third-party business partners, or any failure by us or our third-party business partners to effectively address, enforce and maintain our information technology infrastructure and cybersecurity requirements may result in substantial harm to our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, including major disruptions to business operations, loss of intellectual property, release of confidential information, alteration or corruption of data or systems, costs related to remediation or the payment of ransom and litigation, including individual claims or consumer class actions, commercial litigation, administrative, and civil or criminal investigations or actions, regulatory intervention and sanctions or fines, investigation and remediation costs, and possible prolonged negative publicity.

Failure to comply with current or future federal, state and foreign laws and regulations and industry standards relating to privacy, data protection, cybersecurity and advertising could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

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We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the U.S., the United Kingdom and the European Economic Area that involve matters central to our business, including privacy and data protection.

California, and more than a dozen other states, have passed comprehensive privacy laws similar to the EU GDPR.

California, and more than a dozen other states, have passed comprehensive privacy laws similar to the EU General Data

Protection Regulation (2016/679) (“EU GDPR”).

The SEC has similarly enacted detailed cybersecurity rules that require the public disclosure of material cybersecurity incidents within four business days after we determine that an incident is material.

Existing and proposed laws and regulations can be costly to comply with and can delay or impede the development of new products and services, significantly increase our operating costs, require significant time and attention of management and technical personnel and subject us to inquiries or investigations, claims or other remedies, including fines or demands that we modify or cease existing business practices.

For example, administrative fines of up to the greater of €20 million and 4% of our global turnover can be imposed for breaches of the EU General Date Protection Regulation (2016/679) (“EU GDPR”).

For example, administrative fines of up to the greater of €20 million and 4% of our global turnover can be imposed for breaches of the EU GDPR.

Each of these privacy, security and data protection laws and regulations, and any other such changes or new laws or regulations, could impose significant limitations, require changes to our business, or restrict our use or storage of certain data, which may increase our compliance expenses and make our business more costly or less efficient to conduct.

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Any failure to comply with applicable laws or other obligations or any security incident or breach, whether by us, one of our third-party service providers or vendors or another third party, could have adverse effects.

obligations imposed by us, or that they will not experience data security breaches, which could have a corresponding effect on our business, including putting us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations and/or which could in turn adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We cannot assure you that our vendors or other third-party service providers with access to our or our customers’ or employees’ personally identifiable and other sensitive or confidential information will not breach contractual obligations imposed by us, or that they will not experience data security breaches, which could have a corresponding effect on our business, including putting us in breach of our obligations under privacy laws and regulations and/or which could in turn adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We also cannot assure you that our contractual measures and our own privacy, data protection, and security-related safeguards will protect us from the risks associated with the third-party processing, use, storage and transmission of such information.

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The use of artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We, or our third-party business partners, may use or incorporate AI technology, particularly generative AI, in certain business operations, processes, products, or services.

The use of AI presents a number of opportunities for us, but also presents risks and challenges.

The full extent of current or future risks related to the development and use of AI technology is not possible to predict and we may not be able to anticipate, prevent, mitigate or remediate all of the potential risks, challenges or impacts of such changes.

AI could disrupt the business models, operational processes, and markets in which we operate and subject us to increased competition, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our competitors may be more successful than us in the use or implementation of new technologies, based on AI.

If we are unable to adequately advance our capabilities in these areas, or do so at a slower pace than others in our industry, we may be at a disadvantage.

The use of AI in our business operations, processes, products, or services could also cause loss of intellectual property, as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy and cybersecurity.

The use of artificial intelligence can lead to unintended consequences, including generating content that appears correct but is factually inaccurate, misleading or otherwise flawed, or that results in unintended biases and discriminatory outcomes, which could harm our reputation and business and expose us to risks related to inaccuracies or errors in the output of such technologies.

In addition, the worldwide legal and regulatory environment relating to AI is uncertain and rapidly evolving, which could require changes in our potential use and implementation of AI technology, limit our ability to integrate AI into our business, and increase our compliance costs and the risk of non-compliance.

In the U.S., states and local jurisdictions have begun to enact laws regulating AI, and additional legislative activity regulating AI is expected both in the U.S.

and in other countries.

While we have an AI acceptable use policy and AI governance guidelines governing the use of AI by our personnel , contractors, vendors, and third-party business partners, we cannot guarantee that they will follow such policies when using AI or that such policies will protect us from potential liability relating to our adoption or use of AI technologies.

We expect that our AI policies and procedures to continue to develop as business needs, AI-related risks, and the AI regulatory environment evolve.

Risks Related to Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

Internal control deficiencies have been identified that constituted material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

We have concluded that the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that were previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, has been remediated as of December 31, 2024:

• We have identified a material weakness due to a deficiency in one of the principles associated with the Control Environment component of the COSO framework, specifically relating to a lack of a sufficient complement of qualified personnel at the appropriate levels to perform control activities in support of preparing the financial statements in accordance with U.S.

generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S.

• Control Activities – STI.

We did not design, implement, and monitor general information technology controls in the areas of program change management, user access, and segregation of duties for systems supporting substantially all of STI’s internal control processes and we did not design and implement formal accounting policies, procedures, and controls across substantially all of the STI’s business processes to achieve timely, complete, accurate financial accounting, reporting, and disclosures.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our operating results could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.

GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes.

We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.

It is possible that interpretation, industry practice and guidance may evolve over time.

If our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from our assumptions, our operating results may be adversely affected and could fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our common stock.

We have experienced material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the past.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We previously disclosed material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Although management implemented remediation measures during 2024 and determined that these material weaknesses were remediated as of December 31, 2024, and no material weaknesses were identified as of December 31, 2025, we have experienced material weaknesses in the past and may identify additional material weaknesses in the future.

Ensuring that we have adequate internal financial and accounting controls and procedures in place so that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that will need to be evaluated frequently.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires public companies to conduct an annual review and evaluation of their internal controls and requires attestations of the effectiveness of internal controls by independent auditors.

We have identified several material weaknesses in the past, all of which had been remediated as of December 31, 2024.

Evaluation of our internal controls over financial reporting may, in

the future, identify material weaknesses that may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions by the SEC or violations of Nasdaq rules.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, requires public companies to conduct an annual review and evaluation of their internal controls and requires attestations of the effectiveness of internal controls by independent auditors.

Evaluation of our internal controls over financial reporting may, in the future, identify material weaknesses that may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions by the SEC or violations of Nasdaq rules.

There also could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements.

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This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could also lead to a decline in the price of our common stock.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S.

GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes.

It is possible that interpretation, industry practice and guidance may evolve over time.

Risks Related to Indebtedness and Financing

Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial flexibility and our competitive position.

As of December 31, 2024, we owe $233.9 million under our Senior Secured Credit Facility (as defined below) and $425.0 million on our Convertible Notes.

Our level of indebtedness increases the risk that we may be unable to generate cash sufficient to pay amounts due in respect of our indebtedness.

As of December 31, 2025, we owe $325.0 million on our 2028 Convertible Notes and $345.0 million on our 2031 Convertible Notes.

Our level of indebtedness increases the risk that we may be unable to generate cash

sufficient to pay amounts due in respect of our indebtedness.

Our indebtedness could have other important consequences to you and significant effects on our business.

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• limit our ability to borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our business strategy or other general corporate purposes.

In addition, the agreement governing the Senior Secured Credit Facility contains, and the agreements evidencing or governing any other future indebtedness may contain, restrictive covenants that will limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests.

In addition, the agreement governing the Senior Secured Credit Facility (as defined herein) contains, and the agreements evidencing or governing any other future indebtedness may contain, restrictive covenants that will limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests.

Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all of our indebtedness.

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• make restricted payments (including certain equity issuances).

In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) also includes a springing financial maintenance covenant that is tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter if the outstanding loans and certain other credit extensions under the Revolving Credit Facility exceed 35% of the aggregate amount of commitments thereunder, subject to customary exclusions and conditions.

In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined herein) also includes a springing financial maintenance covenant that is tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter if the outstanding loans and certain other credit

extensions under the Revolving Credit Facility exceed 35% of the aggregate amount of commitments thereunder, subject to customary exclusions and conditions.

Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition.

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Further, the interest rates applicable to the Senior Secured Credit Facility are based on, and the interest rates applicable to certain debt obligations we may incur in the future may be based on, a fluctuating rate of interest determined by reference to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”).

Term SOFR is a relatively new index rate that is administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the “New York Fed”).

There can be no assurance that the New York Fed will not discontinue the publication of Term SOFR, in which case interest payments on our Senior Secured Credit Facility would need to be calculated using a different index rate, or alter the manner in which Term SOFR is calculated.

There can be no assurance that the Federal Reserve Bank of New York will not discontinue the publication of Term SOFR, in which case interest payments on our Senior Secured Credit Facility would need to be calculated using a different index rate, or alter the manner in which Term SOFR is calculated.

As a result, our interest expense could increase, in which event we may have difficulties making interest payments and our available cash flow for general corporate requirements may be adversely affected.

Our interest expense could also be increased by any increase in interest rates.

Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.

Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to service our substantial debt.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control.

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In connection with the pricing of the Convertible Notes, we entered into capped call transactions with several affiliates of the initial purchasers (the “Option Counterparties”).

The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to our common stock upon conversion of any Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.

The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to our common stock upon conversion of any Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.

In addition, the Option Counterparties and/or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions and prior to the maturity of the Convertible Notes (and are likely to do so on each exercise date for the capped call transactions or following any termination of any portion of the capped call transactions in connection with any repurchase, redemption or early conversion of the Convertible Notes).

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The Option Counterparties are financial institutions, and we are subject to the risk that any or all of them might default under the capped call transactions.

Our exposure to the credit risk of the Option Counterparties is not secured by any collateral.

Our exposure to the credit risk of the Option Counterparties is not

secured by any collateral.

Past global economic conditions have resulted in the actual or perceived failure or financial difficulties of many financial institutions.

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• changes in accounting principles;

• geopolitical, macroeconomic and other market conditions unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors, a pandemic or other epidemic, the military conflict in Ukraine-Russia war, conflict in the Middle East, attacks on a shipping lane in the Red Sea and inflation and interest rates;

• geopolitical, macroeconomic and other market conditions unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of our competitors, a pandemic or other epidemic, the military conflict in Ukraine, conflict in the Middle East, attacks on a shipping lane in the Red Sea and inflation and interest rates;

• the other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section.

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We have issued and may in the future issue preferred stock whose terms could adversely affect the voting power or value of our common stock.

The certificate of incorporation governing our Series A Shares (as defined below) authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine.

The certificate of incorporation governing our Series A Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A Shares”) authorizes us to issue, without the approval of our stockholders, one or more classes or series of preferred stock having such designations, preferences, limitations and relative rights, including preferences over our common stock respecting dividends and distributions, as our board of directors may determine.

The terms of one or more classes or series of preferred stock could adversely impact the voting power or value of our common stock.

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• providing that our board of directors is expressly authorized to amend, alter, rescind or repeal our bylaws;

• requiring the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of common stock to amend provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to the management of our business, our board of directors, stockholder action by written consent, calling special meetings of stockholders, competition and corporate opportunities, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, forum selection and the liability of our directors, or to amend, alter, rescind or repeal our bylaws.

• requiring the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of common stock to amend provisions of our certificate of incorporation relating to the management of our business, our board of directors, stockholder action by written consent, calling special meetings of stockholders, competition and corporate opportunities, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), forum selection and the liability of our directors, or to amend, alter, rescind or repeal our bylaws.

In addition, we are not governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder becomes an “interested” stockholder.

Furthermore, our certificate of incorporation provides that the federal district courts of the U.S.

is the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as

amended, but that the forum selection provision will not apply to claims brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

is the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), but that the forum selection provision will not apply to claims brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;

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We do not intend to pay any cash distributions or dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid any distributions or dividends on our common stock, except the special distribution described below.

We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any cash distributions or dividends in the foreseeable future.

Any future determination to declare cash distributions or dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and provisions of our debt instruments and organizational documents, after taking into account our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

We have never declared or paid any distributions or dividends on our common stock, except the special distribution, see Note 11 – Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock .

We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any cash distributions or dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.

Any future determination to declare cash distributions or dividends on our common stock will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws and provisions of our debt instruments and organizational documents, after taking into account our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

As a result, capital appreciation in the price of our common stock, if any, may be your only source of gain on an investment in our common stock.

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tax expense, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

The European Union member states enacted the OECD Pillar Two Directive that generally provides for a 15% minimum tax rate.

The first European Directive for certain aspects of Pillar Two went into effect on January 1, 2024 and the Undertaxed Profits Rule aspect of Pillar Two went into effect on January 1, 2025.

It is uncertain whether the U.S.

will enact legislation to adopt Pillar Two, however, certain countries in which we operate have adopted legislation which could have a negative impact on future income tax expense.

Economic, political and market conditions could adversely effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability, which in turn could adversely affect our stock price.

Macroeconomic developments such as the global or regional economic effects resulting from the current Russia-Ukraine war and current Middle East instability (including the Israel-Hamas conflict and disruptions in the transportation of goods through the Suez canal and to shipping in the Red Sea), inflation and related economic curtailment initiatives, evolving trade policies between the U.S.

The European Union member states have enacted the OECD Pillar Two Directive implementing a 15% global minimum tax, with various provisions effective beginning in 2024 and 2025.

Although the U.S.

has not enacted domestic legislation to implement Pillar Two, recent OECD administrative guidance issued on January 5, 2026 introduces a Side‑by‑Side (SbS) Safe Harbor under which U.S.-parented multinational groups—currently the only jurisdiction qualifying for this regime—may elect exemption from both the Income Inclusion Rule (IIR) and Undertaxed Profits Rule (UTPR) starting in 2026.

U.S.-parented companies remain subject to Qualified Domestic Minimum Top‑Up Taxes (QDMTTs) imposed by foreign jurisdictions and must complete full Pillar Two computations and GloBE Information Return (GIR) filings for tax years 2024 and 2025, as the SbS Safe Harbor is not retroactive.

Many countries in which we operate have adopted or are in the process of adopting Pillar Two legislation, and these rules may continue to impact our effective tax rate and future income tax expense.

Economic, political and market conditions could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our revenue growth and profitability, which in turn could adversely affect our stock price.

Geopolitical and macroeconomic developments such as the global or regional economic effects resulting from the current Russia-Ukraine war and ongoing instability in the Middle East (including, but not limited to, the Israel-Iran conflict and disruptions in the transportation of goods through the Suez canal and to shipping in the Red Sea), inflation and related economic curtailment initiatives, evolving trade policies between the U.S.

and international trade partners, or the occurrence of similar events in other countries that lead to uncertainty or instability in economic, political or market conditions could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and outlook, which, in turn, could adversely affect our stock price.

Political issues and conflicts could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition if they escalate into geographies in which we do business or obtain our components.

A local conflict, such as the Ukraine-Russian war or the Middle East instability, could also have a significant adverse impact on regional or global macroeconomic conditions, give rise to regional instability or result in heightened economic tariffs, sanctions and import export restrictions in a manner that adversely affects us, including to the extent that any such actions cause material business interruptions or restrict our ability to conduct business with certain suppliers.

A local conflict, such as the Russian-Ukrainian war or the conflict in the Middle East, could also have a significant adverse impact on regional or global macroeconomic conditions, give rise to regional instability or result in heightened economic

tariffs, sanctions and import export restrictions in a manner that adversely affects us, including to the extent that any such actions cause material business interruptions or restrict our ability to conduct business with certain suppliers.

Additionally, such conflict or sanctions may significantly devalue various global currencies and have a negative impact on economies in geographies in which we do business.

Any general weakening of, and related declining corporate confidence in, the global economy could cause current or potential customers to reduce or eliminate their budgets and spending, which could cause customers to delay, decrease or cancel projects with us which would have a negative effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Any general weakening of, and related declining corporate confidence in, the global economy could cause current or potential customers to reduce or eliminate their budgets and spending, resulting in delayed, decreased, or canceled projects with us, which could have a negative effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business is subject to the risks of severe weather events, natural disasters and other catastrophic events.

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A severe weather event or other catastrophe could significantly impact our supply chain by causing delays in the shipping and delivery of our materials, components and products which may, in turn, cause delays in our customers’ solar projects.

Our customers’ ability to install solar energy systems is also affected by weather, such as during the winter months.

Our customers’ ability to install solar energy systems is also affected by weather, such as during the winter months in colder climates.

Any damage and disruption in any locations in which our customers have solar projects which are caused by severe weather events (such as extreme cold weather, hail, hurricanes, tornadoes and heavy snowfall), seismic activity, fires, floods and other natural disasters or catastrophic events could result in a delay or even a complete cessation of our worldwide or regional operations and could cause severe damage to our products and equipment used in our solar projects.

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The severity and duration of public health threats could materially impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The extent to which public health threats (including pandemics such as COVID-19 or similarly infectious diseases) could impact us in the future is highly uncertain and unpredictable, and will depend largely on subsequent developments, including but not limited to (i) the severity and duration of any public health threat, (ii) measures taken to contain the spread of any public health threat, such as restrictions on travel and

gatherings of people and temporary closures of or limitations on businesses and other commercial activities, (iii) the timing and nature of policies implemented by governmental authorities, and (iv) any future variants of the public health threat, which may surge over time.

The extent to which public health threats (including pandemics) could impact us in the future is highly uncertain and unpredictable, and will depend largely on subsequent developments, including but not limited to:

(i) the severity and duration of any public health threat;

(ii) measures taken to contain the spread of any public health threat, such as restrictions on travel and gatherings of people and temporary closures of or limitations on businesses and other commercial activities;

and (iii) the timing and nature of policies implemented by governmental authorities.

As a result of any public health threat and any related containment measures, we, our suppliers, or customers may be subject to significant risks, including to supply chain and business operations, which have the potential to materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We are subject to a variety of litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings in the course of our business that may adversely affect our business and financial results.

We are subject to a variety of litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings in the course of our business, including claims or counterclaims for damages.

The types of claims made in lawsuits include claims for compensatory damages, punitive and consequential damages (and in some cases, treble damages) and/or injunctive relief.

The defense of these lawsuits can divert our management’s attention, can result in significant expenses in defending these lawsuits, and we can be required to pay damage awards or settlements or

become subject to equitable remedies that adversely affect our business and financial statements.

Moreover, any insurance or indemnification rights that we may have may be insufficient or unavailable to protect us against such losses.

Because most contingencies are resolved over long periods of time, new developments (including litigation developments, the discovery of new facts, changes in legislation and outcomes of similar cases), changes in assumptions or changes in the Company’s strategy in any given period can require us to adjust the loss contingency estimates that we have recorded in our financial statements, record estimates for liabilities or assets previously not susceptible of reasonable estimates or pay cash settlements or judgments.

Any of these developments may adversely affect our business and financial results in any particular period.

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1A. Risk Factors