Arena Group Holdings, Inc. 10-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31 , 2024 ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from __________ to __________ Commission file number 001-12471 THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 68-0232575 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 200 Vesey Street 24 th Floor New York , New York 10281 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (212) 321-5002 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $0.01 par value AREN NYSE American Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If emerging growth company, indicated by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ or No ☒ As of June 28, 2024, which was the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter for fiscal 2024, the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates was $ 9,882,347 . This calculation is based upon the closing price of the common stock of $0.77 per share on that date, as reported by the NYSE American. As of April 7, 2025, the Registrant had 47,560,952 shares of common stock outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, or Proxy Statement, to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, are incorporated by reference in Part III. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement shall not be deemed to be filed as part hereof. Form 10-K Table of Contents Page Part I. 4 Item 1. Business 4 Item 1A. Risk Factors 11 Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 25 Item 1C. Cybersecurity 25 Item 2. Properties 26 Item 3. Legal Proceedings 26 Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure 27 Part II. 27 Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 27 Item 6. [Reserved] 28 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 28 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 41 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 41 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 41 Item 9A. Controls and Procedures 41 Item 9B. Other Information 43 Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections 43 Part III. 43 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 43 Item 11. Executive Compensation 43 Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 43 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 43 Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 43 Part IV. 43 Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 43 Item 16. Form 10-K Summary 52 Signatures 53 Index to Consolidated Financial Statements F-1 2 Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information Certain statements and information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance and include, without limitation, statements concerning our business strategy, future revenues, market growth, capital requirements, product introductions, expansion plans and the adequacy of our funding. Other statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not historical facts are also forward-looking statements. We have tried, wherever possible, to identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for example, statements about: ● our ability to achieve and maintain profitability in the future; ● our ability to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting; ● the success of strategic relationships with third parties; ● our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel; ● our ability to manage our growth effectively, including through strategic acquisitions; ● our ability to attract, develop, and retain capable Publisher Partners (as described below) and Expert Contributors (as described below); ● our ability to attract new advertisers and to persuade existing advertisers to continue to advertise on the Platform (as described below); ● our ability to grow market share in our existing markets or any new markets we may enter; ● our ability to attract, engage, and retain audiences; ● protecting and monetizing our intellectual property; ● maintaining and growing revenue streams; ● retaining and growing trust in our brand and journalism given recent advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence; ● our ability to continue to satisfy NYSE American listing rules; ● our estimates of the sufficiency of our existing capital resources combined with future anticipated cash flows to finance our operating requirements; and ● other factors detailed under the section entitled “ Risk Factors .” We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or that we may make orally or in writing from time to time, are based on the beliefs of, assumptions made by, and information currently available to, us. Such statements are based on assumptions, and the actual outcome will be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties, and factors that are beyond our control or ability to predict. Although we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, they are not guarantees of future performance, and some will inevitably prove to be incorrect. As a result, our actual future results can be expected to differ from our expectations, and those differences may be material. Accordingly, investors should use caution in relying on forward-looking statements, which are based only on known results and trends at the time they are made, to anticipate future results or trends. Certain risks are discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and also from time to time in our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or “Commission”). This Annual Report on Form 10-K and all subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 3 Part I Item 1. Business The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. (the “Company,” “Arena Group,” “we,” “our,” or “us”), is a media company that leverages technology to build deep content verticals powered by anchor brands and a best-in-class digital media platform (the “Platform”) empowering publishers who impact, inform, educate, and entertain. Our strategy is to focus on key subject matter verticals where audiences are passionate about a topic category (e.g., sports & leisure, lifestyle, and finance) where we can leverage the strength of our core brands to grow our audience and increase monetization both within our core brands as well as for our media publisher partners (each, a “Publisher Partner”). Our focus is on leveraging our Platform and brands in targeted verticals to maximize audience reach, enhance engagement, and optimize monetization of digital publishing assets for the benefit of our users, our advertiser clients, and our greater than 20 owned and operated properties as well as properties we run on behalf of independent Publisher Partners. We own and operate Athlon Sports, TheStreet, The Spun, Parade, Men’s Journal, HubPages, Men’s Fitness, Autoblog, and Adventure Network, and also power more than 150 independent Publisher Partners. Each Publisher Partner joins the Platform by invitation only with the objective of improving our position in key verticals while optimizing the performance of the Publisher Partner. Publisher Partners incur the costs in content creation on their respective channels and receive a share of the revenue associated with their content. Because of the state-of-the-art technology and large scale of the Platform and our expertise in search engine optimization, social media, ad monetization and subscription marketing, Publisher Partners continually benefit from our ongoing technological advances and audience development expertise. While the Publisher Partners benefit from these critical performance improvements, they may also save substantial technology, infrastructure, advertising sales, member marketing and management costs. Additionally, we believe the lead brands within our verticals create a halo benefit for all Publisher Partners while each of them adds to the breadth and quality of content. Of the more than 150 Publisher Partners, a majority of them publish content which aligns with one of our four verticals (sports & leisure, finance, lifestyle and platform), and oversee an online community for their respective sites, leveraging our Platform, monetization operation, distribution channels and data and analytics offerings, and benefiting from our ability to engage the collective audiences within a single network. Generally, Publisher Partners are independently owned, strategic partners who receive a share of revenue from the interaction with their content. Audiences expand and advertising revenue may improve due to the scale we have achieved by combining all Publisher Partners into a single platform and a large and experienced sales organization. They also benefit from our membership marketing and management systems, which we believe will enhance their revenue. The Platform We developed the Platform, a proprietary online publishing platform that provides our owned and operated media businesses, Publisher Partners (who are third parties producing and publishing content on their own domains), and individual creators contributing content to our owned and operated sites (“Expert Contributors”), the ability to produce and manage editorially focused content through tools and services provided by us. We have also developed proprietary advertising technology, techniques and relationships that allow us, our Publisher Partners, and our Expert Contributors to monetize editorially focused online content through various display and video advertisements and tools and services for driving a subscription or membership based business and other monetization services (the “Monetization Solutions” and, together with the Platform, the “Platform Services”). Our Platform offers audiences bespoke content with optimized design and page construction. The Platform comprises state-of-the-art publishing tools, video platforms, social distribution channels, newsletter technology, machine learning content recommendations, notifications, and other technology that deliver a complete set of features to drive a digital media business in an entirely cloud-based suite of services. Our software engineering and product development teams are experienced at delivering these services at scale. We continue to develop the Platform software by combining proprietary code with components from the open-source community, plus select commercial services as well as identifying, acquiring, and integrating other platform technologies where we see unique long-term benefits to us. 4 The Platform Services include: ● Content management, machine learning driven content recommendations, traffic redistribution, hosting and bandwidth; ● Video publishing, hosting, and player solution via an integrated set of third party providers; ● Dashboards for our Publisher Partners as well as integration with leading analytics services like Google Analytics; ● User account management; ● User account migration to our Platform, including emails and membership data; ● Technical support team to support our Publisher Partners and staff (if applicable) on the Platform; ● Advertising serving, trafficking/insertion orders, yield management, reporting and collection; ● Various integrations to enable the syndication of content (e.g., Apple News, Facebook Instant Articles, Google AMP, Google news and RSS feeds); and ● Other features, as they may be added to the Platform from time to time. Our Verticals and Growth Strategy Our business model is to grow the audience across our verticals while striving to diversify revenue and drive gross profit through traditional media brands as well as new digital-first brands. We believe our vertical model allows us and our Publisher Partners to leverage audience growth, technological efficiencies and cost savings across all of our brands. Our primary areas of growth are expected to include expanding our audience within existing verticals, acquiring publishers that have premium branded content and can broaden the reach and impact of the Platform, and adding independent Publisher Partners. To support our growth strategy, specific initiatives include (i) expanding audience reach and impact within our verticals by boosting content production and enhancing audience engagement, (ii) improving revenue yield of existing content through technology-enabled monetization strategies and expanding syndication of the content on our Platform by re-publishing the content on third party websites, (iii) acquiring or partnering with strong brands that can provide our audience tailored content and domain authority within existing verticals or in new verticals which we can develop, (iv) forming key strategic partnerships with like-minded partners of high-quality content, (v) partnering with entrepreneurial publishers to drive local content at variable cost tied to performance, and (vi) continuing to identify and partner with new Publisher Partners on our network to expand our content offerings and add scale to the ecosystem. Our growth strategy is to continue adding new Publisher Partners in key verticals that management believes will expand the scale of unique users interacting on the Platform. In each vertical, we seek to build around leading brands, such as Athlon Sports or The Spun (for sports), TheStreet (for finance) and Parade and Men’s Journal (for lifestyle), surround them with subcategory specialists, and further enhance coverage with individual Expert Contributors. Sports & Leisure Vertical - In 2019, we launched our Sport & Leisure Vertical which currently includes Athlon Sports, The Spun, Men’s Fitness, and Adventure Network. We acquired Athlon Sports as part of the Parade acquisition in April 2022. It had been a print-only property publishing newsstand magazines covering the various drafts and both professional and collegiate sports. We leveraged its expertise and appeal online as part of our sports vertical and today it is a key component of our digital sports presence following substantial growth during 2024. The Spun, founded in September 2012, and acquired by us in June 2021, is an online independent sports publication that brings readers the most interesting athletic stories of the day. The Spun focuses on the social media aspect of the industry. Men’s Fitness is an iconic fitness brand which was relaunched during 2024 with a mission to be the definitive source for men who want to live stronger, healthier lives. The new site contains health and fitness news, training routines, nutrition expertise, gear reviews and more. 5 Adventure Network includes several brands which were acquired in December 2022 including Surfer, Powder, Bike, SKATEboarding, Snowboarder and NewSchoolers. Finance Vertical – Our Finance Vertical currently includes TheStreet and Autoblog. TheStreet is a leading financial news and information provider to investors and institutions worldwide and produces business news and market analysis for individual investors. TheStreet has a strong editorial tradition, a subscription platform, and valuable membership base to us, and benefits from our mobile-friendly Content Management System, social, video, and monetization technology. Autoblog was acquired in September 2024 and subsequently relaunched. Autoblog is a leading automotive website with over 20 years of history. Autoblog has a history of delivering insightful reviews, breaking news, and unique commerce deals to its readers. Lifestyle Vertical – Our Lifestyle Vertical currently includes Parade, Men’s Journal, and HubPages. Parade, a premium-branded company, was acquired in April 2022 and helped to expand our digital audience reach. Parade has a legacy of providing premium entertainment and lifestyle content to readers and has become the anchor of our lifestyle vertical. Men’s Journal was acquired in December 2022. Men’s Journal provides content to foster the aspirational spirit of its readers through coverage of gear, travel, health and fitness, food and drink, style, grooming and entertainment. HubPages enhances the user’s experience by including content from individual creators in the HubPages network of premium content channels that are owned and operated by Arena. These channels, such as PetHelpful, dengarden and Fashionista, act as an open community for writers, explorers, knowledge seekers, and conversation starters to connect in an interactive and informative online space. Platform Vertical Our Platform Vertical includes websites which are published by our Publisher Partners while leveraging our Platform and technology. Publisher Partners use the Platform Services to produce, manage, host and monetize their content in accordance with the terms and conditions of partner agreements between each of our Publisher Partners and us (the “Partner Agreements”). Our Publisher Partners incur the costs with respect to creating their content; thus, not requiring capital investment by us. Pursuant to the Partner Agreements, we and our Publisher Partners split revenue generated from the Platform Services used in connection with the Publisher Partner’s content based on certain criteria. Criteria include whether the revenue was from digital advertising sales, was generated by our Publisher Partner or us, was generated in connection with a subscription or a membership, was generated from syndicating or third party licensing, or was derived from affiliate links. Subject to the terms and conditions of each Partner Agreement and in exchange for the Platform Services, our Publisher Partners grant us, for so long as our Publisher Partner’s assets are hosted on the Platform, (i) the right to use, host, store, cache, reproduce, publish, publicly display, distribute, transmit, modify, adapt and create derivative works of the content provided by the Publisher Partner to provide, maintain and improve the Platform Services; (ii) use, publicly display, distribute and transmit the name, logo, and trademarks of the Publisher Partner to identify them as users of the Platform Services; (iii) exclusive control of ads.txt with respect to our Publisher Partner’s domains; and (iv) the exclusive right to include our Publisher Partner’s website domains and related URLs in a consolidated listing assembled by third party measurement companies such as comScore, Nielsen or other similar measuring services selected by us. As such, the Platform serves as the primary digital media and social platform with respect to each of our Publisher Partners’ website domains during the applicable term of each Partner Agreement. 6 Corporate History We were originally incorporated in Delaware as Integrated Surgical Systems, Inc. (“Integrated”) in 1990. On October 11, 2016, Integrated and TheMaven Network, Inc. (“Maven Network”) entered into a share exchange agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”), whereby the stockholders of Maven Network agreed to exchange all of the then-issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Maven Network for shares of common stock of Integrated. On November 4, 2016, the parties consummated a recapitalization pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement and, as a result, Maven Network became a wholly owned subsidiary of Integrated. Integrated changed its name to theMaven, Inc. on December 2, 2016. On September 20, 2021, we rebranded to “The Arena Group.” Effective on February 8, 2022, we changed our legal name to The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. in conjunction with filing a Certificate of Amendment and Certificate of Corrections with the State of Delaware. On February 9, 2022, our common stock began trading on the NYSE American under the trading symbol “AREN”. Intellectual Property We use proprietary technology to operate our business, and our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our technology and intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our intellectual property. We maintain a policy requiring our employees, contractors, consultants and other third parties to enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements to control access to our proprietary information. These laws, procedures and restrictions provide only limited protection and any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed or misappropriated. Further, the laws of certain countries do not protect proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States and, therefore, in certain jurisdictions, we may be unable to protect our proprietary technology. As of December 31, 2024, we had seven issued patents in the United States, all expiring by 2033. As of December 31, 2024, we also owned approximately 1,300 U.S. copyright registrations and had unregistered copyrights in our software documentation, software code, marketing materials, and website content that we developed, and owned over 1,200 registered domain names. As of December 31, 2024, we also owned approximately 118 U.S. trademark registrations, 32 pending U.S. trademark applications, and 90 issued foreign trademark registrations and 18 pending foreign trademark applications in over 30 countries, and a number of unregistered marks that we use in the United States and other countries to promote our brands. Our registered trademarks are all subject to maintenance or renewal at various times through 2034. We will continue to file updated trademark applications in the United States and abroad to reflect our branding evolution and to continue strengthening our trademark portfolio as financial resources permit. From time to time, we also expect to file additional patents and copyrights. Our Publisher Partners and Licensing In connection with our Partner Agreements and any other applicable agreements between us and our Publisher Partners, (i) we and our affiliates own and retain (a) all right, title, and interest in and to the Platform, other Monetization Solutions and data collected by us, and (b) we and our licensors’ trademarks and branding and all software and technology we use to provide and operate the Platform and Monetization Solutions, and (ii) each Publisher Partner owns and retains (a) all right, title, and interest in and to the Publisher Partner’s assets, content, and data collected by Publisher Partner and (b) each Publisher Partner’s trademarks and branding. Human Capital Resources Our total number of employees as of December 31, 2024 was 198, of which 190 were full-time employees and 8 were part-time employees. As of December 31, 2024, no employees are represented by a union. 7 Corporate Culture We like to say that The Arena Group is where the action is - where passion drives each of us. The things we love are what keep us coming back to read, watch and experience the best in sports, finance, and entertainment – brought to you by the iconic brands you admire most. We are building out the pathways to passion – your ticket to continuous excitement. We are working to build and sustain a company culture that enables our employees to show up as their best, whole selves; to communicate, collaborate, and innovate with their colleagues, no matter where they are located; and to learn, grow, and belong. Seasonality We experience seasonality in our business as a result of typical seasonal spending trends in the advertising industry due to consumer behavior and market activity throughout the year. These seasonal trends are driven by calendar or commercial events that happen annually including holidays, weather, school terms, sports seasons and major sporting events. Seasonality can be viewed between our fiscal quarters. The first quarter of the calendar year is notably our most challenging quarter for revenue performance. During this quarter, advertisers are planning their budgets and current year spend and consumer spending declines after the holidays. As a result, Revenue per Page View (“RPM”) is typically lowest during the first quarter. During the second quarter of the calendar year, we typically see advertisers starting to spend their budgets more actively, which results in RPMs starting to recover. Summer is traditionally a quiet season, as people spend more time outdoors and less time online resulting in lower revenue in the third quarter. Advertisers usually readjust their budgets during this time and devise new strategies for the remainder of the year. Naturally, we see the highest dip in July, after which RPMs gradually start to increase. The fourth quarter of the calendar year is our most profitable season. Advertising typically peaks in the fourth quarter as advertisers tend to concentrate their budgets during the holiday season. This trend is magnified by professional sports and college football seasons, which account for a significant portion of our advertising revenue during that period of the year. Other sporting events such as the Super Bowl, the Winter and Summer Olympics, soccer’s World Cup, and major golf, tennis and cycling events create increased traffic at the time of these respective events. Competition Currently, we believe that there are many competitors delivering media content in the verticals that we serve on the web and on mobile devices and an even broader array of general media companies and major media brands that compete for the attention of users overall and the advertisers who desire to reach them. We have developed a playbook that leverages our Platform to optimize the performance of both our owned and operated and our Publisher Partners’ properties. The playbook is a set of processes, procedures and tactics that help improve the consumer experience, develop a greater organic audience reach, apply data management and artificial intelligence tools, optimize monetization and leverage content through syndication, and improve distribution. The iconic brands leading each of our verticals, such as Athlon Sports, Parade, and TheStreet, leverage this playbook to deliver a highly engaging and effective experience for our users, advertisers and subscribers. The Internet allows theoretically unlimited market access for niche or general media companies resulting in a large number and variety of participants competing directly for audiences, ad spend and membership revenues. The general business of online media, combined with some level or method of leveraging community, attracts many potential entrants, and in the future, there may be strong competitors that will compete with us in general or in selected markets. These and other companies may be better financed and be able to develop their markets more quickly and penetrate those markets more effectively. The following is a list of possible competitors and their respective categories: ● Vice, Buzzfeed, Business Insider, et al., producers of niche content, leveraging social media, mobile, and video to compete for ad dollars; ● Fortune, CNN, ESPN, Yahoo!, Google, et al., major media companies and producers of general content which also compete for ad dollars; ● WordPress, Medium, RebelMouse, Arc, content management software providers, open to all including experts and professionals, which compete for publishers; 8 ● Leaf Group Ltd. and Future PLC, which compete for partners and ad dollars; ● YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, social media platforms open to all creators and which also compete for ad dollars and publishers; and ● Affiliate networks such as Liberty Alliance, which compete for ad dollars. In addition, we view Nexstar Media Group, Inc. and Ziff Davis as peer companies for purposes of performance comparisons even though we do not consider them direct competitors. We believe that our technology, our substantial scale in traffic, the ease of use of our Platform, our well-known lead media brands, and the continuing development and evolution of our Platform provides us with a basis to compete effectively for market share in terms of ad spend and membership revenue. Government Regulations Our operations are subject to many United States federal and state laws and regulations that involve data privacy, data protection, rights of publicity, content regulation, intellectual property, or other subjects. The application and interpretation of these laws and regulations often are uncertain and the impact of regulatory changes cannot be predicted with certainty. Several government authorities, both in the United States and abroad are increasing their focus on privacy issues and the use of personal information. All U.S. states have enacted some form of data security legislation and there are several federal laws governing data privacy. A growing number of U.S. states have enacted laws regarding the collection, use and disclosure of personal information such as the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (the “CCPA”), which was amended by the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”) which went into effect January 1, 2020. As more states consider or enact laws about information security, companies may be required to adopt written information security policies consistent with state laws. At the U.S. federal the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and state attorneys general have oversight of business operations concerning the use of personal information and breaches of the privacy laws and may examine privacy policies to ensure that a company discloses all material practices and fully complies with representations in the policies regarding the use of personal information and the failure to do so could give rise to penalties under state or federal unfair competition or consumer protection laws. We review our privacy policies and overall operations on a regular basis to ensure compliance with applicable United States federal and state laws, and to the extent applicable, any foreign laws. We launched a CCPA compliance program in January 2020, and have expedited it to cover CPRA as well. On an annual basis we review the program and adjust our privacy notice and compliance program practices to account for our evolving practices and the CCPA/CPRA regulations, which were first promulgated in July 2020 and continue to be subject to ongoing rulemaking. There are conflicting interpretations of adopted law in the digital media industry, and given the lack of guidance to date on many of these issues, our compliance posture on some issues might not be accepted by the State of California. In addition to the laws of the United States, we may be subject to foreign laws regulating web sites and online services that in some jurisdictions are stricter than the laws in the United States. For example, the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”) includes operational requirements for companies that receive or process personal data of residents of the European Union (“EU”). Some EU countries are considering or have passed legislation implementing additional data protection requirements that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services. The GDPR also includes certain requirements regarding notification of data processing obligations or security incidents to appropriate data protection authorities. How the GDPR will be fully applied to online services, including cookies and digital advertising, is still being determined through ongoing rulemaking and evolving interpretation by applicable authorities. On June 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”), declared the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield framework (“Privacy Shield”) to be invalid. As a result, Privacy Shield is no longer a valid mechanism for transferring personal data from the European Economic Area to the United States. We are addressing this issue, for instance, by including standard contractual clauses as part of our Data Processing Agreements; however, it is uncertain whether the standard contractual clauses will also be invalidated by the European courts or legislature. GDPR also conveys a private right of action to lodge complaints with supervisory authorities to seek judicial remedies and obtain compensation for damages for violations of the GDPR. GDPR imposes substantial fines for breaches and violations (up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of our consolidated annual worldwide gross revenue). 9 Social networking websites are also under increasing scrutiny. Legislation has been introduced on the state and federal level that could regulate social networking websites. Any such regulation would likely be an impediment to our business. The FTC regularly considers issues relating to online behavioral advertising (a/k/a interest-based advertising), which is a significant revenue source for us, and Congress and state legislatures are frequently asked to regulate this type of advertising, including requiring consumers to provide express consent for tracking purposes, so that advertisers may know their interests and are, therefore, able to serve them more relevant, targeted ads. Targeted ads generate higher per impression fees than non-targeted ads. New laws, or new interpretations of existing laws, could potentially place restrictions on our ability to utilize our database and other marketing data (e.g., from third parties) on our own behalf and on behalf of our advertising clients, which may adversely affect our business. Legislation concerning the above-described online activities could affect our ability to make our websites available in certain countries as future legislation is made effective. It is possible that state and foreign governments might also attempt to regulate our transmissions of content on our website or prosecute us for violations of their laws. United States law offers limited safe harbors and immunities to publishers for certain liability arising out of user-posted content, but other countries do not. Further, legislative proposals in the United States and internationally could impose new obligations in areas affecting our business, such as liability for copyright infringement by third parties and liability for defamation or other claims arising out of user-posted content. Our business could be negatively impacted if applicable laws subject us to greater regulation or risk of liability. Our business could also be adversely affected if regulatory enforcement authorities, such as the California Attorney General or EU/EEA data protection authorities, take issue with any of our approaches to compliance, or if new laws, regulations or decisions regarding the collection, storage, transmission, use or disclosure of personal information are implemented in such ways that impose new or additional technological requirements on us, limit our ability to collect, transmit, store and use or disclose the information, or if government authorities or private parties challenge our data privacy or security practices that result in liability to, or restrictions on us, or we experience a significant data or information breach which would require public disclosure under existing notification laws and for which we may be liable for damages or penalties. Furthermore, governments of applicable jurisdictions might attempt to regulate our transmissions or levy sales or other taxes relating to our activities even though we do not have a physical presence or operate in those jurisdictions. As our platforms, products and advertising activities are available over the Internet anywhere in the world, multiple jurisdictions may claim that we are required to qualify to do business as a foreign corporation in each of those jurisdictions and pay various taxes in those jurisdictions. We address state and local jurisdictions where we believe we have nexus, however, there can be no assurance that we have complied with all jurisdictions that may assert that we owe taxes. Currently, we carry cybersecurity and business interruption coverage to mitigate certain potential losses, but this insurance is limited in amount and may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to a cybersecurity breach and related business and system disruptions. We cannot be certain that such potential losses will not exceed our policy limits, insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. In addition, we may be subject to changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements. 10 Available Information We file our annual, periodic and current reports, and other required information, electronically with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information that we file with the SEC electronically. We also make available on our website at www.thearenagroup.net, free of charge, copies of these reports and other information as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We use our website, blog, press releases, public conference calls and public webcasts as means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. The information disclosed by the foregoing channels could be deemed to be material information. As such, we encourage investors, the media, and others to follow the channels listed above and to review the information disclosed through such channels. The contents of the websites referred to above are not incorporated into this filing. Item 1A. Risk Factors Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Listed below is a summary of the principal risks that could adversely affect our business, operations and financial results. There are numerous factors that affect our business, operations and financial results, many of which are beyond our control. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or our ability to pay our debts and other liabilities could suffer. As a result, the trading price and liquidity of our securities could decline, perhaps significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” All dollar figures are presented in thousands unless otherwise stated. RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS If we fail to retain current users or add new users, or if our users decrease their level of engagement with the Platform, our business would be seriously harmed. The success of our business and our ability to attract and retain advertisers heavily depends on the size of our user base and the level of engagement of our users. Several factors could negatively affect user retention, growth, and engagement, including if: ● our users increasingly engage with competing platforms instead of the Platform; ● we fail to introduce new and exciting products and services, or such products and services do not achieve a high level of market acceptance; ● we fail to accurately anticipate user needs, or we fail to innovate and develop new software and products that meet these needs; ● we fail to price our products competitively; ● we do not provide a compelling user experience because of the decisions we make regarding the type and frequency of advertisements that we display; ● we are unable to combat spam, bugs, malwares, viruses, hacking, or other hostile or inappropriate usage of our products or the Platform (as defined below); ● there are changes in user sentiment about the quality or usefulness of our existing products in the short-term, long-term, or both; ● there are increased user concerns related to privacy and information sharing, safety, or security on the Platform; ● there are adverse changes in our products or services that are mandated by legislation, regulatory authorities, or legal proceedings; ● technical or other problems frustrate the user experience, particularly if those problems prevent us from delivering our products in a fast and reliable manner; 11 ● we, our Publisher Partners, or other companies in our industry are the subject of adverse media reports or other negative publicity, some of which may be inaccurate or include confidential information that we are unable to correct or retract; or ● we fail to maintain our brand image or our reputation is damaged. Our license agreement to operate the Sports Illustrated media business was terminated by the licensor, which may materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition. As described in Note 25, Commitments and Contingencies , to our accompanying consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report, ABG-SI, LLC (“ABG”) has alleged that we failed to make a quarterly payment due to ABG pursuant to the Licensing Agreement, dated June 14, 2019, with ABG (“Licensing Agreement”) of approximately $3.8 million, and on January 18, 2024, ABG notified us of the termination of the Licensing Agreement, effective immediately, in accordance with its rights under the Licensing Agreement. As stated in the notice of termination, ABG believes that a fee of $45.0 million became immediately due and payable by us to ABG pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Licensing Agreement. In addition, upon termination of the Licensing Agreement, all outstanding and unvested warrants to purchase shares of Arena common stock issued to ABG in connection with the Licensing Agreement became immediately vested and exercisable. On March 18, 2024, ABG announced it had reached an agreement in principle with a third party to become the new operator of the Sports Illustrated media business. On April 1, 2024, ABG Group filed an action against us and Manoj Bhargava, the former interim CEO of the Company and a principal stockholder, alleging, among other things, breach of contract in the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York seeking damages in the amount of $48.8 million ($3.8 million royalty fee liability and $45.0 million termination fee liability as reflected in current liabilities from discontinued operations). See Item 3 of this Annual Report and Note 25, Commitments and Contingencies , to our accompanying consolidated financial statements under Item 8 of this Annual Report for additional information. The loss of the rights to operate the Sports Illustrated media business, in addition to the alleged and disputed termination payments that are due following termination of the Licensing Agreement, could harm our competitiveness in our industry, damage any goodwill we may have generated, and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Any subsequent rebranding efforts we may undertake may require significant resources and expenses and may affect our ability to attract and retain customers, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, contracts, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. Provisions in our current debt obligations or any future indebtedness may limit our discretion in operating our business. The third amended and restated note purchase agreement (the “Third A&R NPA”) is, and any future indebtedness may be, secured by all or a portion of our assets in which the lenders may have a security interest. Any security interests that we grant will be set forth in a security agreement and evidenced by the filing of financing statements by the agent for the lenders. Any restrictive provision or negative covenant in the agreements governing our indebtedness, including the Third A&R NPA, our other current debt agreements or any of our future indebtedness limits or may limit our operating discretion, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. A failure to comply with the restrictive provisions or negative covenants in the Third A&R NPA, our other current debt agreements, or any of our future indebtedness may result in an event of default and/or restrict our ability to control the disposition of our assets and our utilization of any indebtedness. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more. Generative Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) technology may negatively impact our ability to attract, engage, and retain audiences; protect and monetize our intellectual property; maintain and grow our revenue streams; avoid reputational harm; and involve other risks. Recent advances in the use of AI may significantly alter the market for our products and services. These technologies make it easier to access, duplicate, and distribute our content, or otherwise generate output based on our content, without authorization, fair compensation, or proper attribution. These technologies may reduce our online traffic and audience sizes, infringe our intellectual property rights, harm existing and potential new revenue streams, damage our brand, and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our reputation may also be harmed if these technologies wrongly attribute inaccurate information to us. We seek to limit such threats; however, controlling unauthorized use of our content and intellectual property is difficult and preventative measures implemented by us may not prevent misuse, misattribution, and infringement of our intellectual property. Although we do not believe these threats have been material to our businesses to date, we expect to continue to be subject to these threats and, as a result we may experience a negative impact on our business and financial condition. 12 The market in which we participate is intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our operating results could be harmed. The digital media industry is fragmented and highly competitive. There are many players in the digital media market, many with greater name recognition and financial resources, which may give them a competitive advantage. The general business of online media, combined with some level or method of leveraging community attracts many potential entrants, and in the future, there may be strong competitors that will compete with us in general or in selected markets. These and other companies may be better financed and be able to develop their markets more quickly and penetrate those markets more effectively. We expect competition to intensify in the future. All of this could adversely affect our revenues and operating results. If Internet search engines’ algorithms and methodologies are modified, traffic to our content could be reduced and our ability to attract and retain our audiences could be adversely impacted. Our search engine optimization capability in connection with audience acquisition efforts substantially depends on various internet search engines, such as Google, to direct a significant amount of traffic to the content published on the Platform. Algorithms are used by these search engines to determine search result listings and the order of such listings displayed in response to specific searches. Search engines frequently revise their algorithms in an attempt to optimize their search result listings. Future algorithm changes by Google or any other search engines could cause content published on the Platform to receive less favorable placements, which could reduce the number of readers who view this content and impact our ability to effectively serve digital advertisements to our audience. If we are unable to respond effectively to changes made by search engine providers to their algorithms and other processes, this could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and operating results. The sales and payment cycle for online advertising is long, and such sales may not occur when anticipated or at all, all of which could adversely affect our business. The decision process is typically lengthy for brand advertisers and sponsors to commit to online campaigns and subject to delays which may be beyond our control. In addition, some advertisers and sponsors take months after the campaign runs to pay, and some may not pay at all, or require partial “make-goods” based on performance. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. We are dependent on the continued services and on the performance of key third party content contributors, the loss of which could adversely affect our business. We rely on content contributed by third party providers to attract users that drive advertising and subscription revenue. The loss of the services of any of such key contributors could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Competition for such contributors is intense, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract, assimilate, or retain them which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Our revenues could decrease if the Platform does not continue to operate as intended. The Platform performs complex functions and is vulnerable to undetected errors or unforeseen defects that could result in a failure to operate or inefficiency. The occurrence of errors and defects could result in loss of or delay in revenue, loss of market share, increased development costs, diversion of development resources and injury to our reputation or damage to our efforts to expand brand awareness. The growing percentage of users whose computers, tablets, or phones do not support identification through third party cookies, mobile identifiers, or other tracking technologies could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial conditions. We rely heavily on our ability to collect and disclose data and metrics in order to attract new advertisers and retain existing advertisers. Any restriction, whether by law, regulation, policy, or other reason, on our ability to collect and disclose data that our advertisers find useful would impede our ability to attract and retain advertisers. We use “cookies,” or small text files placed on user devices when an Internet browser is used, as well as mobile device identifiers, to connect users’ computers anonymously to information that we gather, enabling the Platform to demonstrate to advertisers its efficacy. More and more devices have offered functionalities that block such anonymized identifiers and some prominent technology companies have announced intentions to discontinue the use of cookies entirely. Although we believe the Platform is well-positioned to continue to provide key data insights to advertisers without cookies, actions by advertisers to buy advertising based on alternative identifiers could lead to changes in purchase behavior of such advertisers, thereby possibly impacting our operations, and our financial condition could be adversely affected. 13 Our Publisher Partners may engage in intentional or negligent misconduct or other improper activities on the Platform or otherwise misuse the Platform, which may damage our brand image, our business and our results of operations. The Platform provides our owned and operated media businesses, Publisher Partners, and individual creators contributing content the ability to produce and manage editorially focused content through tools and services provided by us. We might not be able to monitor or edit a significant portion of the content, such as advertising content, that appears on the Platform. If misconduct and misuse of the Platform for inappropriate or illegal purposes occurs, user experience on the Platform may suffer, and claims may be brought against us. Our business and public perception of our brands may be materially and adversely affected if we face any related lawsuits or other liabilities. The Platform and our technology systems contain open-source software, which may pose particular risk to our proprietary software, features and functionalities in a manner that negatively affect our business. We use open-source software in the Platform and our technology systems and will continue to use open-source software in the future. We have set up an internal system to monitor the open-source software we use in our operation and its functionality, and to manage the risk it poses to our business. We may face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the open-source software or derivative works that we developed using such software. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to make our software source code freely available, purchase a costly license or cease offering the implicated services unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. This could require significant additional technology and development resources, and we may not be able to complete such re-engineering successfully. ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL RISKS We may have difficulty managing our growth. We have added, and expect to continue to add, Publisher Partner and end-user support capabilities, continue software development activities, and expand our administrative capabilities. In the past two years, we have entered into strategic transactions which have significantly expanded our business and placed significant strain on our resources. To manage any further growth, organically or through further acquisitions, we will be required to improve existing, and implement new, operational and financial systems and properly manage our employee base. If we are unable to manage growth effectively, our business could be harmed. The strategic relationships that we may be able to develop and on which we may come to rely may not be successful. We will seek to develop strategic relationships with advertising, media, technology, and other companies to enhance our market penetration, business development, and advertising sales revenues. There can be no assurance that these relationships will develop and mature, or that potential competitors will not develop more substantial relationships with the same or more attractive partners. Our inability to successfully implement our strategy of building valuable strategic relationships could harm our business. Interruptions or performance problems associated with our technology and infrastructure may adversely affect our business and operating results. Our growth will depend in part on the ability of our users, customers, and Publisher Partners to access the Platform at any time and within an acceptable amount of time. We may experience performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, introductions of new functionality, human or software errors, capacity constraints due to an overwhelming number of users accessing the Platform software simultaneously, denial of service attacks, or other security related incidents. If the Platform software is unavailable or if our users are unable to access it within a reasonable amount of time or at all, our business would be negatively affected. Moreover, the Partner Agreements with our Publisher Partners include service level standards that obligate us to provide credits or termination rights in the event of a significant disruption of the Platform, which may adversely affect our business and operating results. Cyber-attacks and other security threats and disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business. As a tech-powered media company, we face cybersecurity threats, such as ransomware and denial-of-service, and attacks on technical infrastructure. Our customers and suppliers face similar cybersecurity threats, and a cybersecurity incident impacting us or any of these entities could materially adversely affect our operations, performance and results of operations. 14 The sophistication of threats continues to evolve and grow, including the risk associated with the use of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing, for nefarious purposes. In addition to cybersecurity threats, we face threats to the security of our systems and employees from terrorist acts, sabotage or other disruptions, any of which could adversely affect our business. The improper conduct of our employees or others working on behalf of us who have access to confidential or sensitive information could also adversely affect our business and reputation. Our customers (including sites that we operate for our customers) and suppliers experience similar security threats. If we are unable to protect sensitive information, including complying with evolving information security, data protection and privacy regulations, our customers or governmental authorities could investigate the adequacy of our threat mitigation and detection processes and procedures; and could bring actions against us for noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations. Moreover, depending on the severity of an incident, our customers’ data, our employees’ data, our intellectual property (including trade secrets and research, development and engineering know-how), and other third party data (such as suppliers) could be compromised, which could adversely affect our business. Products and services we provide to customers also carry cybersecurity risks, including risks that they could be breached or fail to detect, prevent or combat attacks, which could result in losses to our customers and claims against us, and could harm our relationships with our customers and financial results. Given the persistence, sophistication, volume and novelty of threats we face, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating an attack that could have a material adverse effect on us and the costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. Our suppliers face similar security threats and an incident at one of these entities could adversely impact our business. These entities are typically outside our control and may have access to our information with varying levels of security and cybersecurity resources, expertise, safeguards and capabilities. Adversaries actively seek to exploit security and cybersecurity weaknesses in our supply chain. Breaches in our supply chain could in the future compromise our data and adversely affect customer deliverables. We also must rely on our supply chain for adequately detecting and reporting cyber incidents, which could affect our ability to report or respond to cybersecurity incidents effectively or in a timely manner. Failures by our suppliers could result in damages to you and have an adverse effect on our business and operations. We operate our exclusive coalition of professional-managed online media channels on third party cloud platforms and data center hosting facilities. We rely on software and services licensed from, and cloud platforms provided by, third parties to offer our digital media services. Any errors or defects in third party software or cloud platforms could result in errors in, or a failure of, our digital media services, which could harm our reputation, our business and force us to seek more expensive alternatives. Failure of these third party systems could cause us to render credits or pay penalties or cause our Publisher Partners to terminate their contractual arrangements with us. We are subject to certain standard terms and conditions with Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud, companies which have broad discretion to change their terms of service and other policies with respect to us, and those changes may be unfavorable to us. Real or perceived errors, failures, or “bugs” in the Platform could adversely affect our operating results and growth prospects. Because the Platform is complex, undetected errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs may occur despite prior testing, especially when updates are deployed. Real or perceived errors, failures, or bugs in our software could result in negative publicity, loss of or delay in market acceptance of the Platform, loss of competitive position, or claims by our Publisher Partners or our users for losses sustained by them. 15 Malware, viruses, hacking attacks, and improper or illegal use of the Platform could harm our business and results of operations. Malware, viruses, and hacking attacks have become more prevalent in our industry and have occurred on our systems and may occur in the future. Any security breach caused by hacking, which involves efforts to gain unauthorized access to information or systems, or to cause intentional malfunctions or loss or corruption of data, software, hardware, or other computer equipment, and the inadvertent transmission of computer viruses could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our business could suffer. Our success significantly depends on our proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, employee and third party non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements and other methods to protect our proprietary technology. Our business, profitability and growth prospects could be adversely affected if we fail to receive adequate protection of our proprietary rights. We could be required to cease certain activities or incur substantial costs due to claims of infringement of another party’s intellectual property rights. Some of our competitors and other third parties may own technology patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and website content which they may use to assert claims against us. We cannot assure you that we will not become subject to claims that we have misappropriated or misused other parties’ intellectual property rights. Any claim or litigation alleging that we have infringed or otherwise violated intellectual property or other rights of third parties, with or without merit, whether or not settled out of court or determined in our favor, could be time-consuming and costly to address and resolve, and could divert the time and attention of our management and technical personnel. If we are required to make substantial payments, cease using the challenged intellectual property, obtain a license or redesign existing technology due to any intellectual property infringement claims against us, such payments or actions could have a material adverse effect upon our business and financial results. We are subject to many laws and regulations in the United States and abroad that are constantly evolving and involve matters central to our business. We are subject or will be subject in the future to myriad constantly evolving laws, statutes and regulations in the United States as well as in other countries where we may do business. These include, among others, privacy, data protection, and personal information, rights of publicity, content, intellectual property, advertising, marketing, distribution, data security, data retention and deletion, personal information, electronic contracts and other communications, competition, protection of minors, consumer protection, telecommunications, employee classification, product liability, taxation, economic or other trade prohibitions or sanctions (including tariffs), securities law compliance, and online payment services, and the related compliance costs. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could adversely affect our business and cause significant penalties to be imposed on us. In particular, the growth and development of Internet content, commerce and communities may prompt more stringent consumer protection, privacy, and data protection laws, both in the United States and abroad, as well as new laws governing their taxation. Compliance with any newly adopted laws may prove difficult and costly for us. We are subject to risks from changes to regulations, government funding, trade policies and tariffs imposed by governments that impact our advertising clients. Changes in regulations, government funding, trade policies and tariffs imposed by the U.S. and other governments could have an impact on advertisers and the advertising market. If advertisers’ operating costs increase due to the changes in policy, and they are unsuccessful in passing these increases along to consumers, then the advertisers will likely seek to reduce costs in other ways, including the amount of their advertising. Additionally, changes in regulations, government funding, trade policies and tariffs could also have the impact of preventing advertisers from deploying new goods and services and reducing the related advertising dollars. The recently announced tariffs by the U.S. government on product imports from certain countries may result in an outsize impact on certain industries that are key advertising categories for us, including automotive and consumer goods. The uncertainty regarding the ultimate impact of any changes in regulations, government funding, trade policies or tariffs could also impact advertisers as they continue to determine changes needed to their businesses. Such changes in trade policy or the imposition of tariffs could have a material adverse effect on our customers’ advertising spend, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Our services involve the storage and transmission of digital information; therefore, cybersecurity incidents, including those caused by unintentional errors and those intentionally caused by third parties, may expose us to a risk of loss, unauthorized disclosure or other misuse of this information, litigation liability, regulatory exposure, reputational harm and increased security costs. We and our third party service providers experience attempted cyber-attacks of varying degrees on a regular basis, one of which infiltrated our systems and accessed a limited amount of our non-financial and encrypted data. We expect to incur significant, increasing costs in ongoing efforts to detect and prevent cybersecurity-related incidents. We cannot ensure that our efforts to prevent cyber security incidents will succeed. While we purchase liability coverage for certain of these types of matters, a significant cybersecurity incident could subject us to reputational harm, loss of revenue, financial liability and other damage that may exceed our insurance coverage and preclude us from obtaining adequate insurance levels in the future. 16 Existing or future strategic alliances, long-term investments and acquisitions may have a material and adverse effect on our business, reputation, and results of operations. We may enter strategic business relationships with third parties to further our business purpose from time to time. These alliances could subject us to risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance by the third party and increased expenses in establishing new strategic alliances, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. We may have limited ability to monitor or control the actions of these third parties and, to the extent any of these strategic third parties suffer negative publicity or harm to their reputation from events relating to their business, we may also suffer negative publicity or harm to our reputation by virtue of our association. Future acquisitions and the subsequent integration of new assets and businesses into our own will require significant attention from our management and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our business operations. Acquisitions may not achieve our goals and could be viewed negatively by users, business partners or investors, use substantial amounts of cash, cause potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, require significant goodwill impairment charges or amortization expenses for other intangible assets and expose us to unknown liabilities of the acquired business. Moreover, the costs of identifying and consummating acquisitions may be significant. In addition to, in some cases, having to obtain shareholders’ approval, we may also have to obtain approvals and licenses from relevant authorities for the acquisitions, which could result in increased delay and costs. Our products may require availability of components or known technology from third parties and their non-availability can impede our growth. We license/buy certain technology integral to our products from third parties, including open-source and commercially available software. Our inability to acquire and maintain any third party product licenses or integrate the related third party products into our products in compliance with license arrangements, could result in delays in product development until equivalent products can be identified, licensed and integrated. We also expect to require new licenses in the future as our business grows and technology evolves. We cannot provide assurance that these licenses will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. Our business is subject to the risk of catastrophic events such as pandemics, earthquakes, flooding, fire, and power outages, and to interruption by man-made acts, such as war and terrorism. Our business is vulnerable to damage or interruption from pandemics, earthquakes, flooding, fire, power outages, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, acts of war, human errors, break-ins, and similar events. A significant natural disaster could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition, and our insurance coverage may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur. Furthermore, acts of terrorism, which may be targeted at metropolitan areas that have higher population density than rural areas, could cause disruptions in our or our Publisher Partners’ businesses or the U.S. economy as a whole. Our technology infrastructure may also be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, denial-of-service attacks, and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems, which could lead to interruptions, delays and loss of critical data. We may not have sufficient protection or recovery plans in some circumstances. As we rely heavily on our computer and communications systems and the Internet to conduct our business and provide high-quality user and customer service, these disruptions could negatively impact our ability to run our business and either directly or indirectly disrupt our Publisher Partners’ businesses, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. 17 Compliance with the reporting obligations under the United States securities laws and Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley requires expenditure of capital and other resources and may divert management’s attention. If we fail to comply with these reporting obligations or to maintain adequate internal controls our operations, our business, and investors’ confidence in us, could be materially and adversely affected. As a public company, we are required to comply with the periodic reporting obligations of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Complying with these rules and regulations has caused us and will continue to cause us to incur additional legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly. Further, by complying with public disclosure requirements, our business and financial condition are more visible, which may result in increased threatened or actual litigation. As discussed in Item 9A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in the course of preparing our financial statements, we identified the following material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting (i) our finance and accounting policies, including those governing revenue recognition, expense recognition, and balance sheet valuation principles and methodologies, have not been fully documented; and (ii) we did not maintain a sufficient system of internal controls to validate data provided by certain third party service providers. As a result of the identified material weaknesses, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses identified in Item 9A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K did not result in any misstatement of our financial statements. Our management is currently undertaking remedial actions to address the material weaknesses identified as of December 31, 2024. However, we may in the future discover material weaknesses in other areas of our internal control over financial reporting that require remediation. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and actions we may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. If we fail to timely meet our reporting obligations under the Exchange Act, Sarbanes -Oxley and other applicable securities rules and regulations in their entirety, we could be subject to penalties under federal securities laws and regulations of the NYSE American and face lawsuits, and our ability to access financing on favorable terms could be restricted severely. We will also not be able to obtain independent accountant certifications required for public companies under Sarbanes-Oxley. In addition, pursuant to Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, we are required to evaluate and provide a report of management on our internal control over financial reporting which has, and will continue to, require increased costs, expenses and management resources. During the evaluation and testing process of our internal controls, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to certify that our internal control over financial reporting is effective. We cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition or results of operations. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness or significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to the capital markets. Unfavorable economic and market conditions could adversely affect our business, reputation, and results of operations. Our services, products, properties, and our ability to access the capital markets on terms acceptable or at all may be adversely impacted by uncertain economic conditions, including but not limited to, regional conflicts, pandemics, adverse changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, tax laws or tax rates, inflation, economic downturns, recessions, contraction in the availability of credit, and the effects of government initiatives to manage economic conditions. 18 Our ongoing cash management strategy is to maintain diversity in our deposit accounts across financial institutions to manage risks from potential instability in the banking system, but deposits in these institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits and there can be no assurance that this strategy will be successful. We cannot predict how future economic conditions will affect our users and Publisher Partners and any negative impact on our users or Publisher Partners may also have an adverse impact on our own results of operations or financial condition. RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDEBTEDNESS, FINANCIAL CONDITION, AND INTERNAL CONTROL As the general economic and market conditions present uncertainty as to our ability to secure additional capital, there can be no assurances that we will be able to secure additional financing on acceptable terms, or at all, as and when necessary to continue to conduct operations. Our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the success of the Platform, our offerings, competing technological developments, and general economic and market conditions, which have presented substantial uncertainty in recent months. We may need to raise funds through public or private financings, strategic relationships, or other arrangements. There can be no assurance that such funding will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Furthermore, any equity financing will be dilutive to existing stockholders, and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants that may limit our operating flexibility with respect to certain business matters. Strategic arrangements may require us to relinquish our rights or grant licenses to some or substantial parts of our intellectual property. If funds are raised through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be reduced, stockholders may experience additional dilution in net book value per share, and such equity securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of the holders of our existing capital stock. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to continue operating, develop or enhance products, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. We have a history of losses. In the year ended December 31, 2024 , we had net loss of approximately $100.7 million compared to approximately $55.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our accumulated deficit as of December 31, 2024 was approximately $479.4 million compared to approximately $378.7 million as of December 31, 2023. We may continue to incur losses in the future if we do not achieve sufficient revenue or adequately reduce costs to achieve and maintain profitability. There is no assurance that our operations will generate sufficient cash flows to support our continued operations in the future without needing to seek additional capital funding or borrowings. We can provide no assurance that if we need to seek such additional outside capital that it will be available on favorable terms or at all. Any failure to achieve and maintain profitability could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan, our results and operations, and our financial condition. Our financial condition raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a “going concern” through one year from the date of the issuance of the financial statements contained herein due to the recurrence of net losses. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred a net loss from continuing operations of approximately $7.7 million, and as of December 31, 2024, had cash on hand of approximately $4.4 million. Management has evaluated our current and historical net losses from continuing operations to determine if the significance of those conditions or events would limit our ability to meet our obligations when due, including under the Loan Documents and Simplify Loan. In its evaluation, management determined that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern for a one-year period following the financial statement issuance date due to the net loss from continued operations and working capital deficit. There can be no assurance that we will be able to execute plans to rectify the recurrence of net losses. If we are unable to execute these plans, it could lead to selling assets and further reducing costs and cash requirements. 19 Our results of operations may fluctuate significantly and may not meet our expectations or those of securities analysts and investors. We operate in an evolving industry, and as a result, our business has evolved over time such that our operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects. Our results of operations have fluctuated in the past, and future results of operations are likely to fluctuate as well. We may not be able to sustain current growth rates, current revenue levels, or achieve profitability. In addition, because our business is evolving, our historical results of operations may be of limited utility in assessing our future prospects. We expect to face challenges, risks, and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly developing industries, including those relating to: ● changes in demand and pricing for our products, services and the Platform; ● developing, maintaining, and expanding relationships with Publisher Partners and advertisers; ● innovating and developing new solutions that are adopted by and meet the needs of Publisher Partners and advertisers; ● competing against companies with a larger user and customer base or greater financial or technical resources; ● changes in the pricing policies of Publisher Partners, advertisers and competitors; ● changes in our access to valuable user data; ● costs to develop and upgrade the Platform to incorporate new technologies; ● costs related to the acquisition of businesses, talent, technologies, or intellectual property, including potentially significant amortization costs and possible write-downs; ● seasonality in our business; ● the length and complexity of our sales cycles; ● the timing of stock-based compensation expense; ● potential costs to attract, onboard, retain and motivate qualified personnel; ● responding to evolving industry standards and government regulations that impact our business, particularly in the areas of data protection and consumer privacy; ● changes in demand as a result of changes in the macroeconomic environment, as a result of inflation, changes in interest rates or foreign exchange rates, or otherwise; and ● further expanding our business in other markets. Any one or more of the factors above may result in significant fluctuations in our results of operations. You should not rely on our past results as an indicator of our future performance. Because many of our expenses are based upon forecast demand and may be difficult to reduce in the short term, volatility in quarterly revenue could cause significant variations in quarterly results of operations. We may not forecast our revenue or expenses accurately, which may cause our results of operations to diverge from our estimates or the expectations of securities analysts, and investors. If we fail to meet or exceed such expectations for these or any other reasons, the trading price of our common stock could fall, and we could face costly litigation, including securities class action lawsuits. Any future litigation against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend. We have in the past and may in the future become subject to legal proceedings and claims or regulatory inquiries or proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business, such as claims brought by our customers and partners in connection with commercial disputes, employment claims made by our current or former employees, or claims for reimbursement following misappropriation of customer data. For example, we could face claims relating to information published or made available on the Platform. In particular, the nature of our business exposes us to claims related to defamation, intellectual property rights and rights of publicity and privacy. We might not be able to monitor or edit a significant portion of the content that appears on the Platform. This risk is enhanced in certain jurisdictions outside the United States where our protection from liability for third party actions may be unclear and where we may be less protected under local laws than we are in the United States. We could also face fines or orders restricting or blocking our services in particular geographies as a result of content hosted on our services. If any of these events occur, our business could be seriously harmed. 20 Our employees are highly experienced, having worked in our industry for many years and prior employers may try to assert that our employees are breaching restrictive covenants and other limitations imposed by past employment arrangements. We believe that all of our employees are free to work for us in their various capacities and have not breached past employment arrangements. Notwithstanding our care in our employment practices, a prior employer may assert a claim against us. Such claims can be costly to contest, disruptive to our work environment, and may be detrimental to our operations and financial results. Moreover, insurance may not cover any such claims that rise in the ordinary course of business, may not provide sufficient payments to cover all the costs to resolve one or more such claims, and may not continue to be available on terms acceptable to us. A claim brought against us that is uninsured or underinsured could result in unanticipated costs, thereby reducing our results of operations and leading analysts or potential investors to reduce their expectations of our performance, which could reduce the trading price of our common stock. Litigation may result in substantial costs and may divert management’s attention and resources, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards may be limited. As of December 31, 2024, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, due to prior period losses of approximately $210.6 million, and certain NOLs could expire before we generate sufficient taxable income to make use of our NOLs. Subject to certain limitations, NOLs can be used to offset taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, may limit certain NOLs we may use in any year for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the event of certain changes in ownership of our Company. If an “ownership change” occurs, Section 382 would impose an annual limit on certain pre-ownership NOLs and other tax attributes we can use to reduce our taxable income, potentially increasing and accelerating our liability for income taxes, and also potentially causing those tax attributes to expire unused. In addition, our ability to use our net operating losses is dependent on our ability to generate taxable income, and certain net operating losses could expire before we generate sufficient taxable income to make use of our net operating losses. RISKS RELATED TO GOVERNANCE AND COMMON STOCK We are dependent on the continued services and on the performance of our key executive officers, management team, and other key personnel, the loss of which could adversely affect our business. We are dependent on the continued services and on the performance of our key executive officers, management team, and other key personnel. We also depend on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, retain, and motivate other highly skilled technical, managerial, sales, operational, business development, and customer service personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract, assimilate, or retain sufficiently qualified personnel. The loss or limitation of the services of any of our executive officers, members of our management team, or other key personnel or the inability to attract and retain additional qualified key personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. The elimination of monetary liability against our directors, officers, and employees under Delaware law and the existence of indemnification rights for our obligations to our directors, officers, and employees may result in substantial expenditures by us and may discourage lawsuits against our directors, officers, and employees. Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (our “Certificate of Incorporation”), and our Third Amended and Restated Bylaws (our “Bylaws”) contain provisions permitting us to eliminate the personal liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for damages for the breach of a fiduciary duty as a director or officer to the extent provided by Delaware law. We may also have contractual indemnification obligations under any future employment agreements with our officers. The foregoing indemnification obligations could result in us incurring substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against directors and officers, which we may be unable to recoup. These provisions and the resulting costs may also discourage us from bringing a lawsuit against directors and officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, and may similarly discourage the filing of derivative litigation by our stockholders against our directors and officers even through such actions, if successful, might otherwise benefit us and our stockholders. 21 Because we are a “smaller reporting company,” we will not be required to comply with certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to smaller reporting companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors. We are a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K. As a smaller reporting company, we are eligible for exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies that are not smaller reporting companies, including, but not limited to reduced disclosure obligations, including with respect to executive compensation, in our periodic reports, proxy statements, and registration statements. We will continue to be a smaller reporting company if either (i) the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million as of the prior June 30, or (ii) our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million as of the prior June 30. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. Provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and Delaware law may discourage a takeover attempt even if a takeover might be beneficial to our stockholders and limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers and employees. Provisions contained in our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us. Provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws impose various procedural and other requirements, which could make it more difficult for stockholders to affect certain corporate actions. For example, our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes our Board to determine the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of unissued series of our preferred stock without any vote or action by our stockholders. Thus, our Board can authorize and issue shares of our preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could dilute the voting power of holders of other series of our capital stock. These rights may have the effect of delaying or deterring a change of control of us. Additionally, our Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws establish limitations on the removal of directors and include advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our Board and for proposing matters that can be acted upon at stockholder meetings. In addition, our Certificate of Incorporation provides that a state or federal court located within the state of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for: any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), our Certificate of Incorporation, or our Bylaws; any action to interpret, apply, enforce, or determine the validity of our Certificate of Incorporation or our Bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Certificate of Incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results, and financial condition. Moreover, because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, which prohibits an “interested stockholder” owning in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining with us for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which such stockholder acquired in excess of 15% of our outstanding voting stock, unless the merger or combination is approved in a prescribed manner. These provisions could limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us. Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that we will indemnify our directors and officers, in each case, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. In addition, Section 145 of the DGCL or our Certificate of Incorporation provides that: ● We indemnify our directors and officers for serving us in those capacities or for serving other business enterprises at our request, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that a corporation may indemnify such person if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful. 22 ● We may, in our discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where indemnification is permitted by applicable law. ● We are required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and officers in connection with defending a legal proceeding, except that such directors or officers shall undertake to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification. ● The rights conferred in our Certificate of Incorporation are not exclusive, and we are authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, employees, and agents and to obtain insurance to indemnify such persons. ● We may not retroactively amend our Certificate of Incorporation or indemnification agreement, if any, to reduce our indemnification obligations to directors, officers, employees, and agents. The trading price of the shares of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile and could subject us to litigation. Stocks of companies in the media and technology industries have historically experienced high levels of volatility. The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated substantially and may continue to do so. These fluctuations could cause you to incur substantial losses, including all of your investment in our common stock. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock, some of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operational or financial performance, include, among others, the following: ● price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time; ● announcements of new products, solutions or technologies, commercial relationships, acquisitions, or other events by us or our competitors; ● the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the SEC; ● fluctuations in the trading volume of our shares or the size of our public float, including in connection with an acquisition; ● sales of large blocks of our common stock; ● actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our results of operations or financial projections; ● failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors ; ● recruitment or departures of key personnel ; ● governmental or regulatory developments or actions, or litigation involving us, our industry, or both ● general economic conditions and trends, including inflation and fluctuating interest rates; ● general political conditions and trends, political instability and acts of war or terrorism, including the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as in the Middle East; ● public health crises and related measures to protect the public health (such as the COVID-19 pandemic); ● major catastrophic events in our domestic and foreign markets; ● changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles; and ● “flash crashes,” “freeze flashes,” or other glitches that disrupt trading on the securities exchange on which we are listed. In addition, if the market for stock of media and technology companies or the stock market, in general, experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, results of operations, or financial condition. The trading price of our common stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in the media and technology industries even if these events do not directly affect us. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. If litigation is instituted against us, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources, and adversely affect our business. 23 Our Board is authorized to issue additional shares of our common stock that would dilute existing stockholders and sales, distribution or issuance of substantial amounts of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. Our Board has the authority to issue any or all authorized but unissued shares of our common stock at any price and, with regard to our preferred stock, at any price and with any attributes our Board considers appropriate, absent stockholder approval. The issuance of additional shares of our common stock in the future will reduce the proportionate ownership and voting power of current stockholders and may negatively impact the market price of our common stock. Moreover, the sale or distribution of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, particularly sales by us or our directors, executive officers, and principal stockholders, or the perception that these sales or distributions might occur in large quantities, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. In addition, shares subject to outstanding warrants as well as the shares of common stock subject to outstanding options and restricted stock unit awards under our equity incentive plans, and the shares reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans, will become eligible for sale in the public market upon issuance, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws. Further, we also may issue our capital stock or securities convertible into our capital stock, from time to time in connection with financing, an acquisition, investments, or otherwise. Any of the aforementioned activity, could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the market price of common stock to decline. We may issue additional securities with rights superior to those of our common stock, which could materially limit the ownership rights of our stockholders. We may offer additional debt or equity securities in private or public offerings in order to raise working capital or to refinance our debt. Our Board has the right to determine the terms and rights of any debt securities and preferred stock without obtaining the approval of our stockholders. It is possible that any debt securities or preferred stock that we sell would have terms and rights superior to those of our common stock and may be convertible into shares of our common stock. Any sale of securities could adversely affect the interests or voting rights of the holders of our common stock, result in substantial dilution to existing stockholders, or adversely affect the market price of our common stock. We are currently out of compliance with the continued listing standards of the NYSE American. Our failure to regain compliance with the continued listing standards may result in the delisting of our common stock. Our common stock is listed on the NYSE American and such listing is contingent on our compliance with the NYSE American’s standards for continued listing, including requirements relating to maintaining minimum stockholders’ equity. On October 2, 2024, we received a notification (“Letter”) from the NYSE American stating that we are not in compliance with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirements of Sections 1003(a)(i), 1003(a)(ii) and 1003(a)(iii) of the NYSE American Company Guide (the “Company Guide”) requiring stockholders’ equity of (i) $2.0 million or more if we have reported losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in two of its three most recent fiscal years, (ii) $4.0 million or more if we have reported losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in three of the four most recent fiscal years and (iii) $6.0 million or more if we have reported losses from continuing operations and/or net losses in its five most recent fiscal years, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had a stockholders’ deficit of approximately $130.3 million and have had losses in the most recent six fiscal years ended December 31, 2024. As a result of this non-compliance, we became subject to the procedures and requirements set forth in Section 1009 of the Company Guide and submitted a plan (the “Plan”) of actions we have taken or will take to regain compliance with the continued listing standards. On December 20, 2024, we received notice from the NYSE American that it had accepted the Plan and granted a plan period through April 2, 2026 (the “Plan Period”). During the Plan Period, the Company will be subject to quarterly monitoring for compliance with the Plan. If we do not regain compliance with the NYSE American’s listing standards by the end of the Plan Period, or if we do not make progress consistent with the Plan, then the NYSE American may initiate delisting proceedings. We intend to regain compliance within the Plan Period. Our receipt of the notification from NYSE American accepting the Plan has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of our common stock on the NYSE American, nor does it affect our business operations or our reporting requirements with the SEC. 24 Although we intend to regain compliance with the continued listing requirements prior to the end of the Plan Period, we may be unable to do so. If delisting proceedings are commenced, the NYSE American rules permit us to appeal a staff delisting determination; however, there can be no assurance that the outcome of any such appeal would be in our favor. If NYSE American delists our common stock from trading on its exchange due to our failure to meet the NYSE American’s continued listing standards, we and our security holders could face significant material adverse consequences, including, but not limited to, a lack of trading market for our common stock, reduced liquidity, decreased analyst coverage of our common stock and an inability for us to obtain additional financing to fund our operations. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Not Applicable. Item 1C. Cybersecurity As a tech-powered media company, we face cybersecurity threats, such as ransomware and denial-of-service, and attacks on technical infrastructure. Our customers and suppliers face similar cybersecurity threats, and a cybersecurity incident impacting us or any of these entities could materially adversely affect our operations, performance and results of operations. We maintain a cyber risk management program designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats. This program addresses cybersecurity risks to the corporate information technology (“IT”) environment including systems, hardware, software, data, people, and processes. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors oversees management’s processes for identifying and mitigating risks, including cybersecurity risks. Our Head of Information Security has primary responsibility for our entity-wide information security program. Our current Head of Information Security has held that position since 2019 and has broad information technology and cybersecurity experience as a result of that role and past work experience which includes cybersecurity consulting. Our Head of Information Security regularly briefs senior leadership on our cybersecurity and information security posture including on the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents, and senior leadership will then brief the Audit Committee. In the event of an incident, we intend to follow our incident response playbook, which outlines our planned response from incident detection to mitigation, recovery and notification, including notifying functional areas (e.g. legal), as well as senior leadership and the Board, as appropriate. Our security team is responsible for our overall information security strategy, including policy, security engineering, operations and cyber threat detection and response. Our security team has extensive experience selecting, deploying, and overseeing cybersecurity technologies, initiatives, and processes. Employees outside of our security team and third parties also have a role in our cybersecurity defenses. Such employees are given training which we believe improves our cybersecurity. We engage third parties to conduct risk assessments and evaluations of our security controls. Such risk assessment and evaluations identify, quantify, and categorize any cyber risks. In addition, we, along with third party cyber risk management specialists, develops a risk mitigation plan to address such risks, and where necessary, remediate potential vulnerabilities identified through the assessment and evaluation process. We have processes to oversee and identify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of third party service providers in our organization’s operations. Third party cybersecurity risk management engagement also includes activities such as penetration testing, independent audits or consulting on best practices to address new challenges. We include security and privacy addendums to our contracts where applicable. We also perform third party risk management assessments to help manage the risks associated with reliance on vendors, critical service providers, and other third-parties that may lead to a service disruption or an adverse cybersecurity incident. 25 Our Head of Information Security and cybersecurity stakeholders regularly brief the senior leadership team on cyber vulnerabilities identified through the risk management process, the effectiveness of our cyber risk management program, the emerging threat landscape, and new cyber risks on at least an annual basis. This includes updates on our processes to prevent, detect, and mitigate cybersecurity incidents. Notwithstanding the approach we take to cybersecurity, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on us. While we maintain cybersecurity insurance, the costs related to cybersecurity threats or disruptions may not be fully insured. We have not identified any risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our operations, business strategy, regulatory compliance, results of operations, or financial condition. The Company proactively seeks to detect and investigate unauthorized attempts and attacks against Company IT assets, data, and services, and to prevent their occurrence and recurrence where practicable through changes or updates to internal processes and tools and changes or updates to Company service delivery; however, potential vulnerabilities to known or unknown threats will still remain. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for a discussion of cybersecurity risks. Item 2. Properties As of December 31, 2024, we had one lease in California and one in New York. In Carlsbad, California we have a lease for office space that is partially sublet. We do not occupy the balance of the space and the space is not utilized in our operations. The Carlsbad lease terminates in March 2025 and will not be renewed. In New York, New York we have a lease for office space that we occupy. Though we operate our business partially in a virtual environment, we utilize our office space in New York in regular operations. To the extent we need to lease additional physical properties in the future, we believe we would be able to find suitable properties at market rates. Item 3. Legal Proceedings From time to time, we may be subject to claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain. Based on the Company’s current knowledge it believes that the final outcome of the matters discussed below will not likely, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows; however, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters, there can be no assurance that the outcome of each case or the costs of litigation, regardless of outcome, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. On January 30, 2024, the former President, Media filed an action against the Company and Manoj Bhargava, the former interim CEO and a principal stockholder, alleging claims for breach of contract, failure to pay wages and defamation, among other things, in the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York, seeking damages in an unspecified amount. On November 15, 2024, the Company has executed a confidential settlement agreement with the former President, Media which fully resolved the matter to the satisfaction of the parties to the litigation. On March 21, 2024, the former CEO and Chairman of the board of directors filed an action against the Company, members of its board of directors and Simplify, alleging claims for retaliation, breach of contract, wrongful termination and age discrimination, among other things, in the Superior Court of the State of California seeking damages in an amount of $20.0 million. The Company and board member Carlo Zola filed a Cross Complaint and Answer on June 20, 2024. Apart from Mr. Zola, the remaining individual board member defendants successfully filed a Motion to Quash Service of Summons based on lack of jurisdiction, and they have been dismissed from the case. On September 13, 2024, the former CEO and Chairman filed an Answer to the Company’s Cross Complaint. On April 8, 2025, the former CEO and Chairman, the Company, and Mr. Zola filed a Stipulation to allow the former CEO and Chairman to file a First Amended Complaint, which adds a new cause of action for alleged breach of contract based upon the Company’s refusal to advance certain attorneys’ fees to him. The Court has not yet approved the filing of the First Amended Complaint, and the Company will respond to the First Amended Complaint in due course. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself against the allegations made in this lawsuit. 26 On April 1, 2024, Authentic Brands Group, LLC, ABG-SI, LLC, and ABG Intermediate Holdings 2 LLC (collectively referred to as the “ABG Group”) filed an action against the Company and Manoj Bhargava, the former interim CEO of the Company and a principal stockholder, alleging, among other things, breach of contract in the United States District Court of the Southern District of New York seeking damages in the amount of $48.8 million (the alleged and disputed $3.8 million royalty fee liability and $45.0 million termination fee liability as reflected in current liabilities from discontinued operations). On June 7, 2024, the Company filed a response denying ABG Group’s alleged breach of contract action and filed a counterclaim against ABG Group and Minute Media, Inc. alleging, among other things, unfair competition, misappropriation of trade secrets, unjust enrichment, breach of contract and tortious interference with contract. On August 2,2024, ABG Group filed an amended complaint which the Company responded to on August 22, 2024 and subsequently filed counterclaims against ABG Group and Sportority, Inc. d/b/a Minute Media. A settlement conference was held on December 4, 2024. On March 4, 2025, ABG Group filed a Second Amended Complaint adding allegations and additional claims against Mr. Bhargava. The allegations and claims asserted against the Company remain substantially the same as those in ABG Group’s original complaint filed April 1, 2024. On August 30, 2024, each of ABG, Minute Media, Inc., and Mr. Bhargava filed respective motions to dismiss, which motions were fully briefed as of November 1, 2024. The motions remain pending with Mr. Bhargava’s motion needing to be restated and briefed after the subsequent filing of the Second Amended Complaint. The Company intends to vigorously defend itself against the allegations made in this lawsuit. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure Not applicable. Part II. Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information Our common stock began trading on the NYSE American on February 9, 2022 under the symbol “AREN.” Before then, from September 21, 2021 until February 8, 2022, our common stock was quoted on the OTCM’s OTCQX trading under the symbol “MVEN.” Holders As of April 7, 2025, there were approximately 151 holders of record of our common stock. Since many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we are unable to estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders. Dividends We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock, and our present policy is to retain any future earnings to support our operations and finance the growth and development of our business. We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our Board. 27 Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers None. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities None. Use of Proceeds None. Item 6. [Reserved] Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements that are included elsewhere in this Annual Report. Our discussion includes forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors. We use words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. All dollar figures presented below are in thousands unless otherwise stated . Overview For an overview of the Company, see the information above presented under the section labeled “Item 1. Business,” which is in “Part I” of this Annual Report. Key Operating Metrics Our key operating metrics are: ● Revenue per page view (“RPM”) – represents the advertising revenue earned per 1,000 pageviews. It is calculated as our advertising revenue during a period divided by our total page views during that period and multiplied by $1,000; and ● Monthly average pageviews – represents the total number of pageviews in a given month or the average of each month’s pageviews in a fiscal quarter or year, which is calculated as the total number of page views recorded in a quarter or year divided by three months or 12 months, respectively. We monitor and review our key operating metrics as we believe that these metrics are relevant for our industry and specifically to us and to understanding our business. Moreover, they form the basis for trends informing certain predictions related to our financial condition. Our key operating metrics focus primarily on our digital advertising revenue, which is our most significant revenue stream. As indicated in the Results of Operations section below for the year ended December 31, 2024, digital advertising revenue decreased by approximately 13%, as compared to the same period in fiscal 2023. Management monitors and reviews these metrics because such metrics are readily measurable in real time and can provide valuable insight into the performance of and trends related to our digital advertising revenue and our overall business. We consider only those key operating metrics described here to be material to our financial condition, results of operations and future prospects. 28 For pricing indicators, we focus on RPM as it is the pricing metric most closely aligned with monthly average pageviews. RPM is an indicator of yield and pricing driven by both advertising density and demand from our advertisers. Monthly average pageviews are measured across all properties hosted on the Platform and provide us with insight into volume, engagement and effective page management and are therefore our primary measure of traffic. We utilize a third-party source, Google Analytics, to confirm this traffic data. As described above, these key operating metrics are critical for management as they provide insights into our digital advertising revenue generation and overall business performance. This information also provides feedback on the content on our website and its ability to attract and engage users, which allows us to make strategic business decisions designed to drive more users to read or view more of our content and generate higher advertising revenue across all properties hosted on the Platform. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our RPM was $23.31 and $21.35, respectively. The 9% increase in RPM reflects an increase in video advertising as a percentage of total digital advertising as digital video advertising is sold at a significantly higher price than digital display advertising. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our monthly average pageviews were 332,913,662 and 394,441,158, respectively. The 16% decrease in monthly average pageviews is primarily driven by the cessation of publishing of FanNation sites in early 2024 . All dollar figures presented below are in thousands unless otherwise stated. Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions Uncertainty in the global economy presents significant risks to our business. Increases in inflation, instability in the global banking system, geopolitical factors, including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Israel and the responses thereto impact, and the impact of tariffs on print production costs and the overall market for advertising may have an adverse effect on our business. While we are closely monitoring the impact of the current macroeconomic conditions on all aspects of our business, the ultimate extent of the impact on our business remains highly uncertain and will depend on future developments and factors that continue to evolve. Most of these developments and factors are outside of our control and could exist for an extended period of time. As a result, we are subject to continuing risks and uncertainties. For more information regarding these risks and uncertainties, see the section titled “Risk Factors” in Part 1, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Liquidity and Capital Resources Going Concern Our accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred a net loss from continuing operations of $7,667, and as of December 31, 2024, had cash on hand of $4,362. Management has evaluated our current and historical net losses from continuing operations to determine if the significance of those conditions or events would limit our ability to meet our obligations when due, including under the Loan Documents and Simplify Loan (see Notes 17 and 18). In its evaluation, management determined that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern for a one-year period following the financial statement issuance date due to the net loss from continued operations and working capital deficit. There can be no assurance that we will be able to execute plans to rectify the recurrence of net losses. If we are unable to execute these plans, it could lead to selling assets and further reducing costs and cash requirements. 29 Cash and Working Capital Facility As of December 31, 2024, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of cash of $4,362 and accounts receivable from continuing operations, net of our allowance for credit losses, of $31,115. In addition, as of December 31, 2024, we had $39,349 available for additional use under our working capital loan with Simplify. As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding balance of the Simplify working capital loan was $10,651. Our cash balance as of the issuance date of our accompanying consolidated financial statements was $3,556. Debt Financings and Obligations The following table summarizes information about our term debt: As of December 31, 2024 2023 Total debt obligations, gross $ 121,342 $ 130,300 Weighted-average interest rate 10.4 % 10.5 % Weighted-average term (in months) (1) 24 N/A Simplify Loan facility capacity (2) $ 50,000 $ - Simplify Loan facility availability $ 39,349 $ - (1) As of December 31, 2023, the term debt (further details are provided in our accompanying consolidated financial statements in Note 18, Term Debt ) was currently due as a result of an event of default that was subsequently resolved. (2) As of December 31, 2024, the Simplify Loan facility has a maturity date of December 1, 2026. Debt Activity – During the year ended December 31, 2024, we took steps to extend our debt maturities. Our debt activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 was as follows: ● On August 19, 2024, in connection with the March 13, 2024 amendment to the Simplify Loan facility, which bears interest at 10% per annum of the amount advanced, we entered into an Amended Promissory Note and a common stock purchase agreement (the “Common Stock Purchase Agreement”) with Simplify, whereby during the year ended December 31, 2024 we borrowed $25,651 under the Simplify Loan, of which $15,000 was exchanged for shares of our common stock in August 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the balance outstanding on the Simplify Loan was $10,651. ● We repaid $20,027 under our line of credit. Our debt activity during the year ended December 31, 2023 was as follows: ● We borrowed $8,000 under our Bridge Notes. ● We drew down $5,517 under our line of credit. Future Debt Obligations – As of December 31, 2024, our future contractual debt obligations were $121,342, with $10,651 maturing on December 1, 2026 and $110,691 maturing on December 31, 2026. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements None. 30 Material Contractual Obligations We have material contractual obligations that arise in the normal course of business primarily consisting of employment contracts, consulting agreements, leases, liquidated damages, debt and related interest payments. Purchase obligations consist of contracts primarily related to merchandise, equipment, and third party services, the majority of which are due in the next 12 months. See Note 7, Leases , Note 14, Liquidated Damages Payable , and Note 18, Term Debt , in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for amounts outstanding as of December 31, 2024, related to leases, liquidated damages, bridge financing and long-term debt. During 2022, we assumed a lease for office space in Carlsbad, California, that expired in March 2025. As of December 31, 2024 we remained responsible for $360 for the remaining lease term. We entered into two subleases that will pay us an aggregate of $36, net of security deposits, through March 2025. Working Capital Deficit We have financed our working capital requirements since inception through issuances of equity securities and various debt financings. Our working capital deficit as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows: As of December 31, 2024 2023 Current assets $ 40,234 $ 90,399 Current liabilities (122,256 ) (236,021 ) Working capital deficit (82,022 ) (145,622 ) As of December 31, 2024, we had a working capital deficit of $82,022, as compared to $145,622 as of December 31, 2023, consisting of $40,234 in total current assets and $122,256 in total current liabilities. As of December 31, 2023, our working capital deficit consisted of $90,399 in total current assets and $236,021 in total current liabilities. Our cash flows during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Net cash used in operating activities $ (16,076 ) $ (24,772 ) Net cash used in investing activities (5,175 ) (3,212 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 16,329 22,895 Net (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ (4,922 ) $ (5,089 ) Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year $ 4,362 $ 9,284 For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $16,076, consisting primarily of $147,507 of cash paid to employees, Publisher Partners, Expert Contributors, suppliers, and vendors, and for revenue share arrangements, professional services, and $17,837 of cash paid for interest, offset by $149,268 of cash received from customers. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $24,772, consisting primarily of $239,737 of cash paid to employees, Publisher Partners, Expert Contributors, suppliers, and vendors, and for revenue share arrangements, advance of royalty fees and professional services, and $12,101 of cash paid for interest, offset by $227,066 of cash received from customers. For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $5,175, consisting of (i) $54 for purchase of property and equipment and (ii) $5,121 for capitalized costs for our Platform. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $3,212, consisting of $3,773 for capitalized costs for our Platform and $500 for the acquisition of a business, offset by $1,061 from the sale of assets. 31 For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $16,329, primarily consisting of (i) $561 for the payment of the contingent consideration, (ii) $20,027 from repayment of our line of credit with SLR Digital Finance LLC (“SLR”) (iii) $534 for tax payments relating to the withholding of shares of common stock for certain employees and (iv) $200 payment of deferred cash payments for an acquisition, less (v) $12,000 in net proceeds from the common stock private placement, and (vi) $25,651 in net proceeds from our working capital loan with Simplify. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $22,895, consisting primarily of $11,333 (excluding accrued offering costs of $167) in net proceeds from the public offering of common stock, $5,517 from borrowings under our Arena Credit Agreement, $7,543 (excluding debt issuance costs of $457) in net proceeds from issuance of our bridge notes; offset by $1,423 tax payments relating to the withholding of shares of common stock for certain employees, and $75 payment of deferred cash payments for an acquisition. Results of Operations Comparison of Fiscal 2024 to Fiscal 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2024 versus 2023 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Revenue $ 125,907 $ 143,630 $ (17,723 ) -12.3 % Cost of revenue 70,189 88,357 (18,168 ) -20.6 % Gross profit 55,718 55,273 445 0.8 % Operating expenses Selling and marketing 12,548 24,263 (11,715 ) -48.3 % General and administrative 30,399 43,783 (13,384 ) -30.6 % Depreciation and amortization 3,704 4,243 (539 ) -12.7 % Loss on impairment of assets 1,198 119 1,079 906.7 % Loss on sale of assets - 325 (325 ) 100.0 % Total operating expenses 47,849 72,733 (24,884 ) -34.2 % Income (loss) from operations 7,869 (17,460 ) 25,329 -145.1 % Total other expenses (15,287 ) (19,558 ) 4,271 -21.8 % Loss before income taxes (7,418 ) (37,018 ) 29,600 -80.0 % Income tax benefit (249 ) (197 ) (52 ) 26.4 % Net loss from continuing operations (7,667 ) (37,215 ) 29,548 -79.4 % Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (93,043 ) (18,367 ) (74,676 ) 406.6 % Net loss $ (100,710 ) $ (55,582 ) $ (45,128 ) 81.2 % For the year ended December 31, 2024, the net loss from continuing operations improved $29,548 to $7,667, as compared to our prior period net loss of $37,215. This improvement was primarily due to a $24,884 decrease in operating expenses as a result of headcount and consulting spend reductions. Revenue and Gross Profit The following table sets forth revenue, cost of revenue, and gross profit from continuing operations: Years Ended December 31, 2024 versus 2023 2024 2023 $ Change % Change Revenue $ 125,907 $ 143,630 $ (17,723 ) -12.3 % Cost of revenue 70,189 88,357 (18,168 ) -20.6 % Gross profit $ 55,718 $ 55,273 $ 445 0.8 % For the year ended December 31, 2024, we had gross profit of $55,718, as compared to $55,273 for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $445. Gross profit percentage for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 44.3%, as compared to 38.5% for the year ended December 31, 2023. 32 The increase in gross profit percentage was driven by a higher mix of revenue from video advertising as a percentage of total digital advertising, as digital video advertising is sold at a significantly higher price than digital display advertising in combination with headcount and consulting spend reductions. The following table sets forth revenue from continuing operations by category: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Digital revenue: Digital advertising $ 93,008 $ 106,282 Digital subscriptions 7,800 11,956 Licensing and Publisher Revenue 7,914 10,941 Performance Marketing 10,927 3,449 Other digital revenue 5,185 1,495 Total digital revenue 124,834 134,123 Print revenue 1,073 9,507 Total revenue $ 125,907 $ 143,630 For the year ended December 31, 2024, total revenue decreased $17,723, or a 12.3% decrease, to $125,907 from $143,630 for the year ended December 31, 2023. This reflected a decrease in print revenue of $8,434 due primarily to the shutdown of Athlon Outdoor print operations and a 6.9% decrease in digital revenue from $134,123 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $124,834 for the year ended December 31, 2024 driven primarily by the cessation of publishing of the FanNation sites in early 2024. The primary drivers of the decrease include a $13,274 decrease in our digital advertising revenue driven primarily by the cessation of publishing of FanNation sites in early 2024, a decrease in our digital subscriptions of $4,156 due to a decline in subscribers. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in performance marketing revenue that increased by $7,478 due to growth of our affiliate partner network and expansion of the performance marketing model across our portfolio and an increase in other digital revenue of $3,690. Cost of Revenue The following table sets forth cost of revenue from continuing operations by category: Years Ended December 31 2024 2023 External cost of content $ 20,248 $ 27,093 Internal cost of content 26,103 27,131 Technology costs 16,701 21,376 Printing, distribution and fulfillment costs 890 3,602 Amortization of developed technology and platform development 5,988 8,782 Other 259 373 Total cost of revenue $ 70,189 $ 88,357 Total cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues 56 % 62 % For the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized cost of revenue of $70,189, as compared to $88,357 for the year ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of $18,168. Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 was impacted by decreases in printing, distribution and fulfillment costs of $2,712 due to the shutdown of Athlon Outdoor print operations, a decrease in the amortization of developed technology and platform development costs of $2,794, a decrease in technology costs of $4,675, internal cost of content of $1,028, and external cost of content of $6,845 driven by the cessation of publishing of FanNation sites in early 2024, and a decrease in other costs of revenue of $114. 33 Operating Expenses Selling and Marketing The following table sets forth selling and marketing expenses from continuing operations: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Selling and marketing $ 12,548 $ 24,263 Selling and marketing as a percentage of revenues 10 % 17 % For the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred selling and marketing costs of $12,548 as compared to $24,263 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in selling and marketing costs of $11,715 is primarily related to decreases in payroll and employee benefits costs of $6,976 due to a reduction in direct sales workforce. In addition, there were decreases in professional marketing services of $2,139, advertising costs of $887, circulation costs of $906, and stock-based compensation of $1,011; partially offset by other selling and marketing expenses of $204. General and Administrative The following table sets forth general and administrative expenses from continuing operations: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 General and administrative $ 30,399 $ 43,783 General and administrative as a percentage of revenues 24 % 30 % For the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred general and administrative costs of $30,399 as compared to $43,783 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The $13,384 decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to decreases in stock-based compensation of $9,495, and payroll and related expenses of $2,987 as a result of headcount and consulting spend reductions, and a decrease in other general and administrative expenses of $851; partially offset by an increase in professional services, including accounting, legal and insurance of $51. Segment Revenue We report our segment results as Sports & Leisure, Finance, Lifestyle, and Platform. Additionally, certain expenses are not allocated to our segments because they represent Arena-level activities. The following table sets forth revenue by segment: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Segment revenue: Sports & Leisure $ 42,449 $ 65,984 Finance 27,734 29,638 Lifestyle 39,865 36,836 Platform 15,859 11,172 Total revenue $ 125,907 $ 143,630 Sports & Leisure – decrease of $23,535 is due to the cessation of publishing of FanNation sites in early 2024 and the shutdown of Athlon Outdoor print operations partially offset by the growth of Athlon Sports. Finance – decrease of $1,904 is primarily driven by a decrease in digital subscription revenues partially offset by an increase in performance marketing revenues. Lifestyle – increase of $3,029 is driven primarily by an increase in performance marketing revenues. Platform – increase of $4,687 is driven by an increase in digital advertising and other revenues. 34 Segment Gross Profit The following table sets forth segment gross profit: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Gross profit: Sports and leisure $ 20,089 $ 33,326 Finance 18,348 17,064 Lifestyle 24,656 22,030 Platform 6,390 2,033 Segment gross profit $ 69,483 $ 74,453 Sports & Leisure – decrease of $13,237 is due to the cessation of publishing of FanNation sites in early 2024 and the shutdown of Athlon Outdoor print operations partially offset by the growth of Athlon Sports. Finance – increase of $1,284 is primarily driven by an increase in performance marketing revenues which require less content & editorial spending than other revenue streams. Lifestyle – increase of $2,626 is driven primarily by an increase in performance marketing revenues which require less content & editorial spending than other revenue streams. Platform – increase of $4,357 is driven by an increase in digital advertising and other revenues with controlled cost. The following table reconciles segment gross profit to gross profit: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Segment gross profit $ 69,483 $ 74,453 Arena level activities: Internal cost of content (2,021 ) (2,962 ) Technology costs (5,756 ) (7,436 ) Amortization of developed technology and platform development (5,988 ) (8,782 ) Gross profit $ 55,718 $ 55,273 35 Other Expenses The following table sets forth other expenses: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Change in fair value of contingent consideration $ (313 ) $ (1,010 ) Interest expense, net (14,668 ) (17,965 ) Liquidated damages (306 ) (583 ) Total other expenses $ (15,287 ) $ (19,558 ) Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration – the change in fair value of contingent consideration of $313 for the year ended December 31, 2024 represents the change in fair value of the put option on our common stock in connection with the acquisition of Fexy Studios (as further described in Note 4, Acquisitions and Dispositions , in our accompanying consolidated financial statements). As part of that acquisition consideration, we issued 274,692 shares of our common stock, which was subject to a put option under certain conditions (as further described in Note 16, Fair Value Measurement in our accompanying consolidated financial statements). Interest Expense – we incurred interest expense, net of $14,668 for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $17,965 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in interest expense of $3,297 was primarily from lower amortization of debt costs and lower interest charges on the line of credit. Liquidated Damages – we recorded liquidated damages of $306 for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $583 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease of $277 in liquidated damages recorded for the year ended December 31, 2024, is primarily because in 2023 we had an assessment under certain agreements as a result of filing a registration statement outside of the agreed upon filing deadline. Income Taxes Income Taxes – for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we recorded an income tax provision of $249 and $197, respectively, primarily related to tax deductible goodwill. For further details refer to Note 23, Income Taxes , in our accompanying consolidated financial statements. Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures We report our financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”); however, management believes that certain non-GAAP financial measures provide users of our financial information with useful supplemental information that enables a better comparison of our performance across periods. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides visibility to the underlying continuing operating performance by excluding the impact of certain items that are noncash in nature or not related to our core business operations. We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net loss as adjusted for loss from discontinued operations, with additional adjustments for (i) interest expense (net), (ii) income taxes, (iii) depreciation and amortization, (iv) stock-based compensation, (v) change in valuation of contingent consideration, (vi) liquidated damages, (vii) loss on impairment of assets, (viii) loss on sale of assets; (ix) employee retention credit, (x) employee restructuring payments; and (xi) professional and vendor fees. Our non-GAAP measure may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies, have limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our operating results as reported under GAAP. Additionally, we do not consider our non-GAAP measures as superior to, or a substitute for, the equivalent measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Some of the limitations are that our non-GAAP measure: ● does not reflect interest expense and financing fees, or the cash required to service our debt, which reduces cash available to us; ● does not reflect income tax provision or benefit, which is a noncash income or expense; 36 ● does not reflect depreciation and amortization expense and, although this is a noncash expense, the assets being depreciated may have to be replaced in the future, increasing our cash requirements; ● does not reflect stock-based compensation and, therefore, does not include all of our compensation costs; ● does not reflect the change in valuation of contingent consideration and, although this is a noncash income or expense, the change in the valuations each reporting period are not impacted by our actual business operations but is instead strongly tied to the change in the market value of our common stock; ● does not reflect liquidated damages and, therefore, does not include future cash requirements if we repay the liquidated damages in cash instead of shares of our common stock (which the investor would need to agree to); ● does not reflect any losses from the impairment of assets, which is a noncash operating expense; ● does not reflect any losses from the sale of assets, which is a noncash operating expense ● does not reflect the employee retention credits recorded by us for payroll related tax credits under the CARES Act; ● does not reflect payments related to employee severance and employee restructuring changes for our former executives; ● does not reflect the professional and vendor fees incurred by us for services provided by consultants, accountants, lawyers, and other vendors, which services were related to certain types of events that are not reflective of our business operations; and ● may not reflect proper non direct cost allocations. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods indicated: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Net loss $ (100,710 ) $ (55,582 ) Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax 93,043 18,367 Loss from continuing operations (7,667 ) (37,215 ) Add (deduct): Interest expense, net (1) 14,668 17,965 Income tax provision (benefit) 249 197 Depreciation and amortization (2) 9,692 13,025 Stock-based compensation (3) 2,425 16,292 Change in fair value of contingent consideration (4) 313 1,010 Liquidated damages (5) 306 583 Loss on impairment of assets (6) 1,198 119 Loss on sale of assets (7) - 325 Employee retention credit (8) - (3,890 ) Employee restructuring expenses (9) 5,776 3,570 Professional and vendor fees (10) - 1,194 Adjusted EBITDA $ 26,960 $ 13,175 (1) Interest expense is related to our capital structure and varies over time due to a variety of financing transactions. Interest expense includes $658 and $2,378 for amortization of debt discounts for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as presented in our consolidated statements of cash flows, which are noncash items. Investors should note that interest expense will recur in future periods. 37 (2) Depreciation and amortization related to our developed technology and Platform is included within cost of revenue of $5,988 and $8,782, for the years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and depreciation and amortization is included within operating expenses of $3,704 and $4,243 for the years ending December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We believe (i) the amount of depreciation and amortization expense in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations and (ii) such expenses can vary significantly between periods as a result of new acquisitions and full amortization of previously acquired tangible and intangible assets. Investors should note that the use of tangible and intangible assets contributed to revenue in the periods presented and will contribute to future revenue generation and should also note that such expense will recur in future periods. (3) Stock-based compensation represents noncash costs arise from the grant of stock-based awards to employees, consultants and directors. We believe that excluding the effect of stock-based compensation from Adjusted EBITDA assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons in our operating performance because (i) the amount of such expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations, and (ii) such expenses can vary significantly between periods as a result of the timing of grants of new stock-based awards, including grants in connection with acquisitions. Additionally, we believe that excluding stock-based compensation from Adjusted EBITDA assists management and investors in making meaningful comparisons between our operating performance and the operating performance of other companies that may use different forms of employee compensation or different valuation methodologies for their stock-based compensation. Investors should note that stock-based compensation is a key incentive offered to employees whose efforts contributed to the operating results in the periods presented and are expected to contribute to operating results in future periods. Investors should also note that such expenses will recur in the future. (4) Change in fair value of contingent consideration represents the change in the put option on our common stock in connection with the acquisition of Fexy Studios. (5) Liquidated damages (or interest expense related to accrued liquidated damages) represents amounts we owe to certain of our investors in private placements offerings conducted in fiscal years 2018 through 2020, pursuant to which we agreed to certain covenants in the respective securities purchase agreements and registration rights agreements, including the filing of resale registration statements and becoming current in our reporting obligations, which we were not able to timely meet. (6) Loss on impairment of assets represents certain assets that are no longer useful. (7) Loss on sale of assets represents non-recurring losses for sale of assets. (8) Employee retention credit represents payroll related tax credits under the CARES Act. (9) Employee restructuring payments represents severance payments to employees under employer restructuring arrangements and payments to our former Chief Executive Officer for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. (10) Professional and vendor fees represents fees that are nonrecurring in connection with the Business Combination resulting in a change of control, including fees incurred by consultants, accountants, lawyers. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. The more critical accounting estimates include estimates related to revenue recognition, platform development, and impairment of goodwill. We also have other key accounting policies, which involve the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that are significant to understanding our results, which are described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , in our accompanying consolidated financial statements. Our discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. 38 Revenue In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those goods or services. We generate all of our revenue from contracts with customers. We have determined we are the principal in the majority of our transactions with our customers and therefore we generally account for revenue on a gross as compared to a net basis, in our statement of operations. We have made this determination based on our control of the advertising inventory and the ability to monetize the advertising inventory or publications and determine price before transfer to the customer and because we are also the primary obligor responsible for providing the services to the customer. Significant costs of revenue are presented as a separate line item on the consolidated statements of operations. The following is a description of the principal activities from which we generate revenue: Advertising Revenue Digital Advertising – we recognize revenue from digital advertisements at the point when each ad is viewed. We enter into contracts with advertising networks to serve display or video advertisements on the digital media pages associated with our various channels. The quantity of advertisements, the impression bid prices, and revenue are reported on a real-time basis to our partners. Although reported advertising transactions are subject to adjustment by the advertising network partners, any such adjustments are known within a few days of month end. We owe our independent Publisher Partners a revenue share of the advertising revenue earned, which is recorded as service costs in the same period in which the associated advertising revenue is recognized. Advertising revenue that is comprised of fees charged for the placement of advertising on the websites that we own and operate, is recognized as the advertising or sponsorship is displayed, provided that collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Print Advertising – advertising related revenues for print advertisements are recognized when advertisements are published (defined as an issue’s on-sale date), net of provisions for estimated rebates, rate adjustments, and discounts. Performance Marketing Performance Marketing transactions involve the promotion of other companies’ products and services over the internet through digital advertising platforms. We include links to products and services in our display content on the Platform. When a consumer clicks on the links and completes a purchase of a product or performs a specific action, such as signing up for a service, the Company earns commissions by promoting products and services through affiliate links. The promise to integrate links in our display content on the Platform is delivered when a consumer clicks on the links and completes a purchase. Digital Subscription Revenue Digital subscription revenue is generated by entering into contracts with internet users that subscribe to premium content on our owned and operated media channels and facilitate such contracts between internet users and our Publisher Partners. These contracts provide internet users with a membership subscription to access the premium content. For subscription revenue generated by our independent Publisher Partners’ content, we owe our Publisher Partners a revenue share of the membership subscription revenue earned, which is initially deferred and recorded as deferred contract costs. We recognize deferred contract costs over the membership subscription term in the same pattern that the associated membership subscription revenue is recognized. Digital subscription revenue generated from our websites that we own and operate are charged to customers’ credit cards or are directly billed to corporate subscribers, and are generally billed in advance on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. We calculate net subscription revenue by deducting from gross revenue an estimate of potential refunds from cancelled subscriptions as well as chargebacks of disputed credit card charges. Net subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription periods. Unearned revenue relates to payments for subscription fees for which revenue has not been recognized because services have not yet been provided. 39 Print Revenue Print revenue includes single copy sales at newsstands. Single copy revenue is recognized on the publication’s on-sale date, net of provisions for estimated returns. We base our estimates for returns on historical experience and current marketplace conditions. Licensing and Publisher Revenue Content licensing-based revenues and publisher revenues, primarily revenue shares and license exclusivity agreements, are accrued generally monthly or quarterly based on a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property. Generally, revenues are accrued based on estimated sales and adjusted as actual sales are reported by partners. These adjustments are typically recorded within three months of the initial estimates and have not been material. Any minimum guarantees are typically earned evenly over the fiscal year or are recognized upfront if materially different than the actual usage pattern. Revenue associated with sales-based or usage-based royalties where the customer is expected to exceed the minimum are recognized in the same period in which the underlying sales or usage occurs. Contract Modifications We occasionally enter into amendments to previously executed contracts that constitute contract modifications. We assess each of these contract modifications to determine: ● if the additional services and goods are distinct from the services and goods in the original arrangement; and ● if the amount of consideration expected for the added services or goods reflects the stand-alone selling price of those services and goods. A contract modification meeting both criteria is accounted for as a separate contract. A contract modification not meeting both criteria is considered a change to the original contract and is accounted for on either a prospective basis as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract, or a cumulative catch-up basis. Platform Development For the years presented, substantially all of our technology expenses are development costs for our Platform that were expensed as incurred or capitalized as intangible costs. Technology costs are expensed as incurred or in accordance with applicable guidance that requires costs incurred in the preliminary project and post-implementation stages of an internal use software project be expensed as incurred and that certain costs incurred in the application development stage of a project be capitalized. We capitalize internal labor costs, including compensation, benefits and payroll taxes, incurred for certain capitalized platform development projects. Our policy with respect to capitalized internal labor stipulates that labor costs for employees working on eligible internal use capital projects are capitalized as part of the historical cost of the project when the impact, as compared to expensing such labor costs, is material. Our Platform development capitalized during the application development stage of a project include: ● payroll and related expenses for personnel; and ● stock-based compensation of related personnel. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets of businesses acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but rather is tested for impairment at least annually on October 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. Recoverability of goodwill is determined by comparing the fair value of our reporting units to the carrying value of the underlying net assets in the reporting units. If the fair value of a reporting unit is determined to be less than the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is deemed impaired, and an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and the fair value of its other assets and liabilities. We determined our operating segments are our reportable units for goodwill impairment testing, See Note 11 Goodwill in our accompanying consolidated financial statements. We determine the fair value of our reporting units by utilizing the discounted cash flow method of an income approach and the value indicated by the market approach, comparing transaction prices or stock prices of comparable guideline companies to our market value. The income approach utilized a discounted cash flow analysis, incorporating management’s projections of revenue growth, operating margins, and discount rates that reflect the risk-adjusted cost of capital. The market approach considered valuation multiples derived from comparable publicly traded companies. The income and the market approach are equally weighted when determining fair value of the reportable unit. These analyses require significant assumptions and judgments. These assumptions and judgments include estimation of future cash flows, projections of revenue growth and operating margins, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rates of growth for our business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, determination of a discount rate and the selection of comparable companies and the interpretation of their data. As well as a control premium determined by utilizing publicly available data from studies for similar transactions of public companies. No impairment charges were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024. 40 Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in our accompanying consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report includes Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information otherwise required under this item. Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data All information required by this item is listed in the Index to Financial Statements in Part IV, Item 15(a)(1) of this Annual Report. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive officer(s) and principal financial officer(s), or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In accordance with Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15, an evaluation was completed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2024. Based on that evaluation, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting is a process, including policies and procedures, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013 Framework) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Based on our evaluation under the framework in COSO, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2024 because we did not adequately identify and assess certain risks of material misstatement in a timely manner as we did not have the properly trained resources in place to perform the risk assessment and then implement and execute appropriate controls. We have identified the following material weaknesses: (i) Our finance and accounting policies, including those governing revenue recognition, expense recognition, and balance sheet valuation principles and methodologies, have not been fully documented; and 41 (ii) We did not maintain a sufficient system of internal controls to validate data provided by certain third party service providers including: i. A third party providing print subscription management services; ii. A third party advertising partner; and iii. A third party providing ad serving services. These material weaknesses have not been remediated as of the date of filing of this Annual Report. We intend to undertake the following remedial measures to address these material weaknesses and will continue to evaluate and adjust remediation actions as needed to ensure the remedial measures remain appropriate and are sustainable: (i) Hire resources to help develop a comprehensive set of finance and accounting policies to document revenue recognition, expense recognition, and balance sheet valuation principles and methodologies as well as enhance our risk assessment processes and internal control capabilities; (ii) Obtain, review, and map a System and Organization Controls – SOC 1 Type 2 report from third party service providers for the effectiveness of controls relevant to any third party data relied upon in accounting and financial reporting for any third parties noted above which continue to support the business; (iii) Review all information provided by third parties directly and through third party portals to ensure specific reports upon which we rely are covered by third party or end user controls within each SOC 1 Type 2 report; and (iv) Implement additional controls to require documented review of any amendments to third party agreements by finance and accounting personnel to ensure appropriate accounting treatment. We believe that the actions listed above will provide appropriate remediation of the material weaknesses. Due to the nature of the remediation process and the need for sufficient time after implementation to evaluate and test the design and effectiveness of the controls, no assurance can be given as to the timing for completion of remediation. The material weaknesses will be fully remediated when we conclude that the controls have been operating for sufficient time and independently validated by management. We believe that, notwithstanding the material weaknesses mentioned above, the consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficiency, and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles as of the dates and for the periods stated therein. This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report. Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting Except as described above under “Management’s Annual Report On Internal Control over Financial Reporting” there have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, in designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business but cannot assure you that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting. 42 Item 9B. Other Information None . Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not applicable. Part III Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our proxy statement for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after December 31, 2024. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our proxy statement for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after December 31, 2024. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our proxy statement for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after December 31, 2024. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our proxy statement for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after December 31, 2024. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to our proxy statement for our 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after December 31, 2024. Part IV Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules (a) The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report: 1. Index to Consolidated Financial Statements . Our consolidated financial statements and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms are included in Part IV of this Annual Report on the pages indicated: Page Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB No. 185) F-2 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB No. 688) F-3 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-4 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-5 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficiency for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-6 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-8 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-9 2. Financial Statement Schedules . Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts from Continuing Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. 43 Exhibit Description 2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 13, 2018, by and among the Company, HP Acquisition Co., Inc., HubPages, Inc., and Paul Edmondson as the securityholder representative, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 19, 2018. 2.2 Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 25, 2018, by and among TheMaven, Inc., HP Acquisition Co., Inc., HubPages, Inc., and Paul Edmondson as the securityholder representative, which was filed as Exhibit 2.2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on January 8, 2021. 2.3 Second Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 1, 2018, by and among TheMaven, Inc., HP Acquisition Co., Inc., HubPages, Inc., and Paul Edmondson as the securityholder representative, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on June 4, 2018. 2.4 Third Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 31, 2019, by and among TheMaven, Inc., HP Acquisition Co., Inc., HubPages, Inc., and Paul Edmondson as the securityholder representative, which was filed as Exhibit 2.4 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on January 8, 2021. 2.5 Fourth Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 15, 2020, by and among TheMaven, Inc., HP Acquisition Co., Inc., HubPages, Inc., and Paul Edmondson as the securityholder representative, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2020. 2.6 Amended and Restated Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2018, by and among the Company, Maven Coalition, Inc., and Say Media, Inc., which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 9, 2018. 2.7 Amendment to Amended and Restated Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 24, 2018, by and among the Company, Maven Coalition, Inc., and Say Media, Inc., which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 29, 2018. 2.8 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 12, 2018, by and among the Company, SM Acquisition Co., Inc., Say Media, Inc., and Matt Sanchez as the Securityholder Representative, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2018. 2.9 Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 17, 2018, by and among the Company, SM Acquisition Co., Inc., Say Media, Inc., and Matt Sanchez as the Securityholder Representative, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 17, 2018. 2.10 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 11, 2019, by and among the Company, TST Acquisition Co., Inc., and TheStreet, Inc., which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2019. 2.11 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated December 7, 2022, by and among The Arena Media Brands, LLC, Weider Publications, LLC and A360 Media, LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 2.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022. 2.12 Amendment No. 1 to Business Combination Agreement, dated December 1, 2023, by and between the Company, Simplify Inventions, LLC, Bridge Media Networks, LLC, New Arena Holdco, Inc., Energy Merger Sub I, LLC and Energy Merger Sub II, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 5, 2023. 44 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 13, 2021. 3.2 Third Amended and Restated Bylaws, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 17, 2025. 3.3 Certificate of Elimination of Series F Convertible Preferred Stock as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on September 7, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 13, 2021. 3.4 Certificate of Elimination of Series I Convertible Preferred Stock as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on September 7, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 13, 2021. 3.5 Certificate of Elimination of Series J Convertible Preferred Stock as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on September 7, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 3.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 13, 2021. 3.6 Certificate of Elimination of Series K Convertible Preferred Stock as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on September 7, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 3.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 13, 2021. 3.7 Certificate of Amendment as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on January 20, 2022, which was filed Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 26, 2022. 3.8 Certificate of Correction of the Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on January 26, 2022, which was filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 26, 2022. 3.9 Certificate of Correction of the Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on February 3, 2022, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 9, 2022. 3.10 Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 2, 2023. 4.1 Specimen Common Stock Certificate, which was filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Amendment No. 1 to Registration Statement on Form SB-2/A (Registration No. 333-48040) on September 23, 1996. 4.2 Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued on June 6, 2018 to L2 Capital, LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2018. 4.3 Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued on June 15, 2018 to Strome Mezzanine Fund LP, which was filed as Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2018. 4.4 Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued on October 18, 2018, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 24, 2018. 4.5 Form of Warrant for Channel Partners Program, which was filed as Exhibit 4.3 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. 4.6 Form of MDB Warrant issued in connection with the Share Exchange Agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 7, 2016. 4.7 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (exercise price $0.42 per share), dated June 14, 2019, issued to ABG-SI LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 4.16 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on August 16, 2021. 4.8 Common Stock Purchase Warrant (exercise price $0.84 per share), dated June 14, 2019, issued to ABG-SI LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 4.17 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on January 8, 2021. 4.9 Form of 2019 Warrant for Channel Partners Program, which was filed as Exhibit 4.18 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 4.10 Form of 2020 Warrant for Channel Partners Program, which was filed as Exhibit 4.19 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 4.18 Form of Bridge Notes. which was filed as Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022. 4.19 Form of 2023 Notes, which was filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 4.20* Description of Securities. 45 10.1 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 4, 2018, by and between the Company and certain investors named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 5, 2018. 10.2 Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 4, 2018, by and between the Company and certain investors named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 5, 2018. 10.3 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 30, 2018, by and among the Company and certain investors named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.11 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on January 8, 2021. 10.4 Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 30, 2018, by and among the Company and certain investors named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.12 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on January 8, 2021. 10.5 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated June 15, 2018, between the Company and each purchaser named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2018. 10.6 Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 15, 2018, by and between the Company and each purchaser named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 21, 2018. 10.7 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2018, by and between the Company and each purchaser named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2018. 10.8 Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of August 9, 2018, by and between the Company and each purchaser named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 10, 2018. 10.9 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated October 18, 2018, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 24, 2018. 10.10 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated December 12, 2018, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 13, 2018. 10.11 Registration Rights Agreement, dated December 12, 2018, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 13, 2018. 10.12 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 18, 2019, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 22, 2019. 10.13 Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 18, 2019, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 22, 2019. 10.14 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated March 27, 2019, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 28, 2019. 10.15 Registration Rights Agreement, dated March 27, 2019, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 28, 2019. 10.16 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated April 8, 2019, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 12, 2019. 10.17 Registration Rights Agreement, dated April 8, 2019, by and between the Company and each investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 12, 2019. 10.18 Pledge and Security Agreement, dated June 10, 2019, by and among the Company, Maven Coalition, Inc., HubPages, Inc., Say Media, Inc., TST Acquisition Co., Inc., and the investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.5 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2019. 10.19 Confirmation and Ratification Agreement, dated June 14, 2019, by and among the Company, Maven Coalition, Inc., HubPages, Inc., Say Media, Inc., TST Acquisition Co., Inc., and the investor named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 19, 2019. 46 10.20 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2019, by and among the Company and each of the several purchasers named thereto, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2019. 10.21 Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2019, by and among the Company and each of the several purchasers named thereto, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2019. 10.22 Form of Second Amended and Restated Promissory Note due June 14, 2022, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 3, 2019. 10.23 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2019, by and among the Company and each of the several purchasers named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 11, 2019. 10.24 Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2019, by and among the Company and each of the several purchasers named therein, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 11, 2019. 10.25 Third Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated December 15, 2022, by and among the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, BRF Finance Co., LLC, as agent and purchaser, and the other purchasers from time to time party thereto, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022. 10.26 Sixth Amendment to Financing and Security Agreement, dated December 15, 2022, by and among the Company, the subsidiaries of the Company party thereto and SLR Digital Finance LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 20, 2022. 10.27 Form of 15% Delayed Draw Term Note, issued on March 24, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 30, 2020. 10.28 Form of Series H Securities Purchase Agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 20, 2020. 10.29 Sublease, dated January 14, 2020, by and between Saks & Company LLC and Maven Coalition, Inc., which was filed as Exhibit 10.51 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.30 Office Lease Agreement, dated October 25, 2019, by and between Street Retail West I, LP and the Company, which was filed as Exhibit 10.54 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.31 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated March 9, 2020, by and among Maven Coalition, Inc., Petametrics Inc., doing business as LiftIgniter, and the Company, which was filed as Exhibit 10.59 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.32+ Form of Stock Option Award Agreement – 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.62 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.33+ Form of Stock Option Award Agreement – 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.63 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.34+ Independent Director Agreement, effective as of September 3, 2018, by and between the Company and Todd D. Sims, which was filed as Exhibit 10.71 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.35+ First Amendment to the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.80 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.36+ Second Amendment to the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.81 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.37+ Form of Restricted Equity Award Grant Notice – 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.82 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.38+ Form of Restricted Stock Unit Grant Notice – 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.83 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.39+ Stock Option Award Agreement, dated March 11, 2019, by and between the Company and Douglas B. Smith, which was filed as Exhibit 10.84 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.40+ Stock Option Award Agreement, dated March 11, 2019, by and between the Company and Douglas B. Smith, which was filed as Exhibit 10.85 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 16, 2021. 10.41 Channel Partners Warrant Program adopted on May 20, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.112 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 10.42+ Stock Option Award Agreement, dated January 16, 2019, by and between the Company and Andrew Q. Kraft, which was filed as Exhibit 10.119 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 47 10.43+ Stock Award Agreement, dated January 16, 2019, by and between the Company and Andrew Q. Kraft, which was filed as Exhibit 10.120 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 10.44+ Maven Executive Bonus Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 14, 2021. 10.45 Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated July 12, 2019, by and among the Company, TheStreet, Inc., and TST Acquisition Co., Inc., which was filed as Exhibit 10.122 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 10.46+ Executive Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2021, by and between the Company and Paul Edmondson, which was filed as Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on February 23, 2021. 10.47+ Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2021, by and between the Company and Douglas B. Smith, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on February 23, 2021. 10.48+ Stock Option Grant Notice, dated April 10, 2019, by and between the Company and Paul Edmondson, which was filed as Exhibit 10.127 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 10.49+ Stock Option Grant Notice, dated April 10, 2019, by and between the Company and Douglas Smith, which was filed as Exhibit 10.130 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 10.50+ Form of Amendment to Stock Option Award Agreement, by and between the Company and certain grantees awarded stock options on April 10, 2019, which was filed as Exhibit 10.131 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 9, 2021. 10.51+ Executive Employment Agreement, effective as of February 18, 2021, by and between the Company and Robertson Barrett, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on February 23, 2021. 10.52 Services Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2020, by and between the Company and Whisper Advisors, LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.134 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K on April 9, 2021. 10.53+ Stock Option Award Agreement, dated September 14, 2018, by and between the Company and Paul Edmondson, which was filed as Exhibit 10.135 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K on April 9, 2021. 10.54+ Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2021, by and between the Company and Andrew Kraft, which was filed as Exhibit 10.6 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on February 23, 2021. 10.55+ Second Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2021, by and between the Company and Avi Zimak, which was filed as Exhibit 10.7 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on February 23, 2021. 10.56+ Second Amendment to theMaven, Inc.’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, dated February 18, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on February 24, 2021. 10.57+ First Amendment to theMaven, Inc.’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, dated March 16, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.141 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K on April 9, 2021. 10.58+ 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.142 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K on April 9, 2021. 10.59 2016 Stock Incentive Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 4.4 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. 10.60 Financing and Security Agreement, dated February 2020, by and among Maven Coalition, Inc., theMaven, Inc., Maven Media Brands, LLC, TheStreet, Inc., and FPP Finance LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.8 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 7, 2021. 10.61 First Amendment to Financing and Security Agreement, dated March 24, 2020, by and among Maven Coalition, Inc., theMaven, Inc., Maven Media Brands, LLC, TheStreet, Inc., and FPP Financing LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.9 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 7, 2021. 10.62 Intercreditor Agreement, dated February 24, 2020, by and between FPP Finance LLC and BRF Finance Co., LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.10 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 7, 2021. 10.63 Amendment No. 1 to Intercreditor Agreement, dated March 24, 2020, by and between FPP Finance LLC and BRF Finance Co., LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.11 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 7, 2021. 10.64 Form of Securities Purchase Agreement among the Company and each of the several purchasers signatory thereto, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on May 25, 2021. 10.65 Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Company and each of the several purchasers signatory thereto, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on May 25, 2021. 48 10.66 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated June 4, 2021, by and among the Company, Maven Media Brands, LLC, College Spun Media Incorporated, Matthew Lombardi, Alyson Shontell Lombardi, Timothy Ray, Andrew Holleran, and the Representative, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 7, 2021. 10.67 Second Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, effective August 26, 2020, by and between the Company and Ross Levinsohn, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K on February 23, 2021. 10.68 Third Amendment to Financing and Security Agreement, dated as of December 6, 2021, by and among theMaven, Inc., Maven Coalition, Inc., Maven Media Brands, LLC, TheStreet, Inc., College Spun Media Incorporated, and Fast Pay Partners LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 10, 2021. 10.69+ Amendment No. 1 to Second Amended & Restated Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2021, by and between the Company and Ross Levinsohn, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 10, 2022. 10.70 Form of Stock Purchase Agreement by and between the Company and certain investors, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2022. 10.71 Asset Purchase Agreement between the Company and Fulltime Fantasy Sports, LLC, dated July 15, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 10.5 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on November 15, 2021. 10.72^ Amended Licensing Agreement by and between the Company and ABG-SI LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 29, 2022. 10.73^ Amendment No. 5 to Licensing Agreement by and between the Company and ABG-SI LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.73 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 31, 2023. 10.74 Form of Common Stock Purchase Agreement, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31, 2023. 10.75+ Amended and Restated 2022 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 2, 2023. 10.76 Binding Letter of Intent, dated August 14, 2023, by and between the Company and Simplify Inventions, LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 10.77 Form of Voting and Support Agreement, dated August 14, 2023, by and between the Company and certain stockholders. which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 10.78 Amendment to Third Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated August 14, 2023, by and between the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, BRF Finance Co., LLC, as agent and purchaser, and the other purchasers from time to time party thereto, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 10.79+ Amendment No. 3 to Second Amended & Restated Executive Employment Agreement, dated as of September 7, 2023, by and between the Company and Ross Levinsohn, which was filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 10.80+ First Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement, dated August 15, 2023, by and between the Company and Henry Robertson Barrett, which was filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 10.81+ Severance Agreement, dated August 14, 2023, by and between the Company and Henry Robertson Barrett, which was filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 10.82+ Severance Agreement, dated August 14, 2023, by and between the Company and Douglas B. Smith, which was filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 10.83 Seventh Amendment to Financing and Security Agreement, dated August 31, 2023, by and among the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company party thereto and SLR Digital Finance LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 10.84 Side Letter to Licensing Agreement, dated October 1, 2023, by and between the Company and ABG-SI LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 14, 2023. 49 10.85 Common Stock Subscription Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2023, between New Arena Holdco, Inc. and 5-Hour International Corporation Pte. Ltd. , which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2023. 10.86# Preferred Stock Subscription Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2023, between New Arena Holdco, Inc. and The Hans Foundation USA, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 7, 2023. 10.87 Amendment No. 2 to Third Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated December 1, 2023, by and between the Company, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, BRF Finance Co., LLC, as agent and purchaser, and the other purchasers from time to time party thereto, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 5, 2023. 10.88 Waiver of Liquidated Damages and Release of Claims, dated December 1, 2023, by and among the Company, Simplify Inventions, LLC and B. Riley Principal Investments, LLC, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 5, 2023. 10.89 Forbearance Letter, which was filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 5, 2024. 10.90 Subscription Agreement, dated February 14, 2024, by and between the Company and Simplify, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 14, 2024. 10.91 Forbearance Letter between the Company and Renew Group Private Limited dated as of March 27, 2024. 10.92 Forbearance Letter between the Company and Renew Group Private Limited dated as of April 29, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 17, 2024. 10.93 Consent to Sublease among the Company, RXR HB Owner, LLC and Lument Real Estate Capital Holdings, LLC dated March 12, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 17, 2024. 10.94 Amendment No. 3 to the Third Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement dated as of December 15, 2022 (as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 to Third Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 14, 2023 and as further amended by that certain Amendment No. 2 to Third Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2023), by and among the Company, the Guarantors party thereto, the Purchasers party thereto and Renew Group Private Limited, in its capacity as agent for the Purchasers, dated July 12, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 17, 2024. 10.95+ Employment Agreement between The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. and Geoffrey Wait dated effective August 6, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 12, 2024. 10.96 Amendment No. 1 to Loan Documents between the Company and Simplify Inventions, LLC dated August 19, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2024. 10.97 Amended and Restated Promissory Note issued by the Company to Simplify Inventions, LLC dated August 19, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2024. 10.98 Common Stock Purchase Agreement between the Company and Simplify Inventions, LLC dated August 19, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 23, 2024. 10.99 Loan Agreement between The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. and Simplify Inventions, LLC dated March 13, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2024. 10.100 Demand Promissory Note issued by Simplify Inventions, LLC to The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. dated March 13, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2024. 10.101 Continuing Unconditional Guaranty among Simplify Inventions, LLC and certain subsidiaries of The Arena Group Holdings, Inc., dated March 13, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2024. 10.102 Pledge and Security Agreement among The Arena Group Holdings, Inc., certain subsidiaries of The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. and Simplify Inventions, LLC dated March 13, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2024. 50 10.103 Forbearance Letter between the Company and Renew Group Private Limited dated as of March 27, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.91 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed on April 1, 2024. 10.104 Employment Agreement between The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. and Sara Silverstein dated April 19, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 25, 2024. 10.105 Employment Agreement with Paul Edmondson, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 19, 2025. 19.1* Insider Trading Policy 21.1* Subsidiaries of the Arena Group Holdings, Inc. 23.1* Consent of K PMG LLP, independent registered accounting firm. 23.2* Consent of Marcum LLP, independent registered accounting firm 24.1* Power of Attorney (included in the signature pages hereto) 31.1* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 31.2* Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. 32.1** Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 1350 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 32.2** Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 1350 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 97.1 Clawback Policy of Arena Group Holdings, Inc., which was filed as Exhibit 97.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2024 101.INS Inline XBRL* Instance Document. 101.SCH Inline XBRL* Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. 101.CAL Inline XBRL* Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. 101.DEF Inline XBRL* Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. 101.LAB Inline XBRL* Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. 101.PRE Inline XBRL* Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document. 104* Cover Page Interactive Data (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101) * Filed Herewith ** This certification is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act. # Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. Registrant agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request. ^ Registrant has omitted portions of the exhibit as permitted under Item 601(b)(10) of Regulations S-K. + Indicates a management or compensatory plan or arrangement in which directors or executive officers are eligible to participate. The certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of the Exchange Act. (b) Exhibits. See Item 15(a) above. 51 THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Annual Report on Form 10-K Schedule II Valuation of Qualifying Accounts from Continuing Operations Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 ($ in thousands) Additions Balances at Beginning of Year Charge to Costs and Expenses Other Deductions from Reserves Balances at End of Year 2024 Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable $ 374 $ 1,934 $ - $ (850 ) $ 1,458 Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets 76,367 - 27,239 - 103,606 2023 Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable 1,036 315 - (977 ) 374 Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets 65,406 - 10,961 - 76,367 Item 16. Form 10–K Summary None. 52 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. Dated: April 15, 2025 By: /s/ PAUL EDMONDSON Paul Edmondson Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) By: /s/ GEOFFREY WAIT Geoffrey Wait (Principal Financial Officer) Power of Attorney KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Paul Edmondson and Geoffrey Wait, jointly and severally, as his or her attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated and on the dates indicated. Signature Title /s/ PAUL EDMONDSON Chief Executive Officer Paul Edmonson (Principal Executive Officer) Date April 15, 2025 /s/ GEOFFREY WAIT Principal Financial Officer Geoffrey Wait Date: April 15, 2025 /s/ CAVITT RANDALL Chairman of the Board Cavitt Randall Date: April 15, 2025 /s/ H. HUNT ALLRED Director H. Hunt Allred Date: April 15, 2025 /s/ CARLO ZOLA Director Carlo Zola Date: April 15, 2025 /s/ CHRISTOPHER PETZEL Director Christopher Petzel Date: April 15, 2025 /s/ LAURA LEE Director B. Laura Lee Date: April 15, 2025 /s/ CHRISTOPHER FOWLER Director Christopher Fowler Date: April 15, 2025 53 The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Index to Consolidated Financial Statements PAGE Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID NO: 185 ) F-2 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm ( PCAOB ID NO: 688) F-5 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-6 Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-7 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficiency for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-8 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 F-10 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-11 F- 1 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM KPMG LLP Aon Center Suite 5500 200 E. Randolph Street Chicago, IL 60601-6436 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors The Arena Group Holdings, Inc.: Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficiency, and cash flows for the year then ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Going Concern The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring net losses from continuing operations and has a working capital deficit that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. F- 2 Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate. Valuation of goodwill As discussed in Note 2 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements, goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually on October 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. The Company determines the fair value of its reporting units using an equal weighting of the discounted cash flow method of an income approach and the value indicated by the market approach. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of goodwill include projections of revenue growth, operating margins, the long-term rates of growth and the discount rate. The Company has $42,575 thousand of goodwill as of December 31, 2024, which relates to four reporting units. We identified the evaluation of the goodwill impairment analysis as a critical audit matter . There was a high degree of subjective auditor judgment in evaluating the key assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis used to estimate the fair value of the reporting units. Changes to those assumptions, including revenue growth rates, operating margin projections, the long-term rates of growth and the discount rate could have had a significant effect on the Company’s determination of the fair value of the reporting units. Additionally, the use of professionals with specialized skills and knowledge was required to assess the long-term rates of growth and the discount rate assumptions. The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We performed sensitivity analyses over the Company’s revenue growth rates and operating margin projection assumptions to assess the impact any changes to those assumptions could have had on the Company’s fair value estimate. We evaluated the revenue growth rates and operating margin projection assumptions by (1) comparing them to the historical results of the reporting units, (2) comparing such assumptions to industry reports and (3) assessing the impact of external economic factors. In addition, we involved valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in: ● evaluating the long-term rates of growth by comparing them to long-term rate of growth ranges that were independently developed using publicly available industry and economic growth rates ● evaluating the discount rate by independently developing a range of rates using independently obtained market rate data of guideline public companies and comparing the independent range to the rate used by the Company. F- 3 Sufficiency of audit evidence over programmatic advertising revenue and publisher revenue As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded digital advertising revenue of $93,008 thousand, a portion of which related to programmatic advertising revenue, and licensing and publisher revenue of $8,781 thousand, a portion of which related to publisher revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2024. We identified the evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence related to programmatic advertising revenue and publisher revenue as a critical audit matter. Subjective auditor judgment was required to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over programmatic advertising and publisher revenue due to the high volume of transactions dependent on third party service providers and other parties responsible for the initiation and processing of transactions and the determination of transaction price. The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We applied auditor judgment to determine the nature and extent of procedures to be performed over programmatic advertising and publisher revenue, including the initiation and satisfaction of performance obligations and determination of transaction price. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls related to the programmatic advertising revenue process, which included controls residing at certain third-party service providers. For a sample of programmatic advertising revenue transactions, we compared the amounts recognized to underlying impressions reports received from third party service organizations, cash receipts, and external confirmation of transactions from certain customers. For a sample of publisher revenue transactions, we compared the amounts recognized to revenue share statements received directly from publisher partners and cash receipts. We evaluated the sufficiency of audit evidence obtained by assessing the results of procedures performed, including the appropriateness of the nature and extent of such evidence. /s/ KPMG LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024. Chicago, Illinois April 15, 2025 F- 4 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries Opinion on the Financial Statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficiency and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 1, the Company has a significant working capital deficiency, has incurred significant losses and may need to restructure its debt to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Basis for Opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical Audit Matters Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters. /s/ Marcum llp Marcum LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor from 2019 through July 11, 2024. New York, NY April 1, 2024, except for Notes 3 and 26, as to which the date is April 15, 2025 F- 5 THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 ($ in thousands, except share data) Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,362 $ 9,284 Accounts receivable, net 31,115 31,676 Prepayments and other current assets 4,757 5,791 Current assets from discontinued operations - 43,648 Total current assets 40,234 90,399 Property and equipment, net 148 328 Operating lease right-of-use assets 2,340 176 Platform development, net 8,115 8,723 Acquired and other intangible assets, net 22,789 27,457 Other long-term assets 151 1,003 Goodwill 42,575 42,575 Noncurrent assets from discontinued operations - 18,217 Total assets $ 116,352 $ 188,878 Liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders’ deficiency Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 4,844 $ 7,803 Accrued expenses and other 10,990 28,903 Line of credit - 19,609 Unearned revenue 6,349 16,938 Subscription refund liability 430 46 Operating lease liability 254 358 Contingent consideration - 1,571 Liquidated damages payable 3,230 2,924 Bridge notes - 7,887 Debt - 102,309 Current liabilities from discontinued operations 96,159 47,673 Total current liabilities 122,256 236,021 Unearned revenue, net of current portion 403 542 Operating lease liability, net of current portion 1,964 - Other long-term liabilities - 406 Deferred tax liabilities 802 599 Simplify loan 10,651 - Debt 110,436 - Noncurrent liabilities from discontinued operations - 10,137 Total liabilities 246,512 247,705 Commitments and contingencies (Note 25) - - Mezzanine equity: Series G redeemable and convertible preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value, $ 1,000 per share liquidation value and 1,800 shares designated; aggregate liquidation value: $ 168 ; Series G shares issued and outstanding: 168 ; common shares issuable upon conversion: 8,582 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 168 168 Total mezzanine equity 168 168 Stockholders’ deficiency: Common stock, $ 0.01 par value, authorized 1,000,000,000 shares: issued and outstanding; 47,556,267 and 23,836,706 shares December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively 475 237 Additional paid-in capital 348,560 319,421 Accumulated deficit ( 479,363 ) ( 378,653 ) Total stockholders’ deficiency ( 130,328 ) ( 58,995 ) Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and stockholders’ deficiency $ 116,352 $ 188,878 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 6 THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 2024 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 ($ in thousands, except share data) Revenue $ 125,907 $ 143,630 Cost of revenue (includes amortization for developed technology and platform development for 2024 and 2023 of $ 5,988 and $ 8,782 , respectively) 70,189 88,357 Gross profit 55,718 55,273 Operating expenses Selling and marketing 12,548 24,263 General and administrative 30,399 43,783 Depreciation and amortization 3,704 4,243 Loss on impairment of assets 1,198 119 Loss on sale of assets - 325 Total operating expenses 47,849 72,733 Income (loss) from operations 7,869 ( 17,460 ) Other expenses Change in valuation of contingent consideration ( 313 ) ( 1,010 ) Interest expense, net ( 14,668 ) ( 17,965 ) Liquidated damages ( 306 ) ( 583 ) Total other expenses ( 15,287 ) ( 19,558 ) Loss before income taxes ( 7,418 ) ( 37,018 ) Income tax provision ( 249 ) ( 197 ) Loss from continuing operations ( 7,667 ) ( 37,215 ) Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax ( 93,043 ) ( 18,367 ) Net loss $ ( 100,710 ) $ ( 55,582 ) Basic and diluted net loss per common share: Continuing operations $ ( 0.22 ) $ ( 1.67 ) Discontinued operations ( 2.63 ) ( 0.82 ) Basic and diluted net loss per common share $ ( 2.85 ) $ ( 2.49 ) Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted 35,405,336 22,323,763 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements F- 7 THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY Year Ended December 31, 2024 Shares Par Value Shares Par Value Capital Deficit Deficiency Common Stock Common Stock to be Issued Additional Paid-in Accumulated Total Stockholders’ Shares Par Value Shares Par Value Capital Deficit Deficiency ($ in thousands, except share data) Balance at January 1, 2024 23,836,706 $ 237 2,701 $ - $ 319,421 $ ( 378,653 ) $ ( 58,995 ) Issuance of common stock pursuant to common stock purchase agreement in connection with exchange of debt 17,797,817 178 - - 14,822 - 15,000 Issuance of common stock in connection with private placement 5,555,555 56 - - 11,944 - 12,000 Issuance of common stock for restricted stock units 971,863 10 - - ( 10 ) - - Common stock withheld for taxes ( 330,982 ) ( 3 ) - - ( 531 ) - ( 534 ) Repurchase of common stock for Fexy put option ( 274,692 ) ( 3 ) - - ( 376 ) - ( 379 ) Stock-based compensation - - - - 3,290 - 3,290 Net loss - - - - - ( 100,710 ) ( 100,710 ) Balance at December 31, 2024 47,556,267 $ 475 2,701 $ - $ 348,560 $ ( 479,363 ) $ ( 130,328 ) F- 8 THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIENCY Year Ended December 31, 2023 Common Stock Common Stock to be Issued Additional Paid-in Accumulated Total Stockholders’ Shares Par Value Shares Par Value Capital Deficit Deficiency ($ in thousands, except share data) Balance at January 1, 2023 18,303,193 $ 182 41,283 $ - $ 270,743 $ ( 323,071 ) $ ( 52,146 ) Balance 18,303,193 $ 182 41,283 $ - $ 270,743 $ ( 323,071 ) $ ( 52,146 ) Issuance of common stock in connection with registered direct offering 2,963,918 30 - - 11,114 - 11,144 Issuance of common stock upon conversion of series H convertible preferred stock 1,981,128 20 - - 12,988 - 13,008 Issuance of common stock in connection with the acquisition of Fexy Studios 274,692 3 - - 1,997 - 2,000 Issuance of common stock in connection with settlement of liquidated damages 47,252 - - - 369 - 369 Gain upon issuance of common stock in connection with settlement of liquidated damages - - - - 130 - 130 Issuance of common stock for restricted stock units 429,528 4 - - ( 4 ) - - Common stock withheld for taxes ( 202,382 ) ( 2 ) - - ( 1,421 ) - ( 1,423 ) Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options 795 - - - - - - Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition 38,582 - ( 38,582 ) - - - - Reclassification to liability upon modification of common stock option - - - - ( 68 ) - ( 68 ) Gain upon forgiveness of liquidated damages with principal stockholder - - - - 3,497 - 3,497 Stock-based compensation - - - - 20,076 - 20,076 Net loss - - - - - ( 55,582 ) ( 55,582 ) Balance at December 31, 2023 23,836,706 $ 237 2,701 $ - $ 319,421 $ ( 378,653 ) $ ( 58,995 ) Balance 23,836,706 $ 237 2,701 $ - $ 319,421 $ ( 378,653 ) $ ( 58,995 ) See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 9 THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 2024 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 ($ in thousands) Cash flows from operating activities Net loss $ ( 100,710 ) $ ( 55,582 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation of property and equipment 234 352 Amortization of platform development and intangible assets 11,859 27,354 Amortization of debt costs 658 2,378 Noncash and accrued interest - 3,824 Loss on impairment of assets 40,589 119 Loss on sale of assets - 325 Change in valuation of contingent consideration 313 1,010 Liquidated damages 306 583 Stock-based compensation 3,031 19,060 Deferred income taxes 203 134 Bad debt expense 2,992 315 Other ( 19 ) - Change in operating assets and liabilities net of effect of acquisitions: Accounts receivable 10,478 ( 11,599 ) Subscription acquisition costs 6,131 3,143 Prepayments and other current assets 1,841 ( 2,157 ) Other long-term assets 852 ( 77 ) Accounts payable ( 3,730 ) ( 2,663 ) Accrued expenses and other 29,688 3,453 Unearned revenue ( 18,803 ) ( 7,970 ) Subscription refund liability 404 ( 396 ) Operating lease liability ( 304 ) ( 231 ) Contingent consideration ( 1,683 ) - Other long-term liabilities ( 406 ) ( 6,147 ) Net cash used in operating activities ( 16,076 ) ( 24,772 ) Cash flows from investing activities Purchases of property and equipment ( 54 ) - Capitalized platform development ( 5,121 ) ( 3,773 ) Proceeds from sale of assets - 1,061 Payments for acquisitions, net of cash - ( 500 ) Net cash used in investing activities ( 5,175 ) ( 3,212 ) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from bridge notes, net of debt costs - 8,000 Payment of Fexy put option ( 561 ) - (Repayments) proceeds under line of credit ( 20,027 ) 5,517 Proceeds from common stock private placement 12,000 - Proceeds from Simplify loan 25,651 - Proceeds from common stock public offering, net of offering costs - 11,500 Payments of issuance costs from common stock public offering - ( 167 ) Payments of debt issuance costs - ( 457 ) Payment of deferred cash payment ( 200 ) ( 75 ) Payment for taxes related to common stock withheld for taxes ( 534 ) ( 1,423 ) Net cash provided by financing activities 16,329 22,895 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents ( 4,922 ) ( 5,089 ) Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of year 9,284 14,373 Cash, and cash equivalents – end of year $ 4,362 $ 9,284 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information Cash paid for interest $ 17,837 $ 12,101 Cash paid for income taxes 85 85 Noncash investing and financing activities Reclassification of stock-based compensation to platform development $ 259 $ 1,016 Debt costs recorded in accrued expenses and other and in other long-term liabilities - 189 Repurchase of common stock for Fexy put option 379 - Issuance of common stock upon conversion of Series H convertible preferred stock 15,000 - Issuance of common stock in connection with settlement of liquidated damages - 499 Issuance of common stock upon conversion of series H preferred stock - 13,008 Issuance of common stock in connection with an acquisition - 2,000 Deferred cash payments recorded in connection with acquisitions - 246 Assumption of liabilities in connection with acquisitions - 1,246 Reclassification to liability upon common stock modification - 68 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F- 10 THE ARENA GROUP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ($ in thousands, unless otherwise stated) 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation Organization The Arena Holdings Group, Inc. (“The Arena Group” or the “Company”), was incorporated in Delaware on October 1, 1990. On October 11, 2016, the predecessor entity now known as The Arena Group exchanged its shares with another entity that was incorporated in Delaware on July 22, 2016. On November 4, 2016, these entities consummated a recapitalization. This resulted in The Arena Group becoming the parent entity, and the other Delaware entity becoming the wholly owned subsidiary. On December 19, 2019, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries The Arena Platform, Inc. (formerly known as Maven Coalition, Inc.), and HubPages, Inc. (“HubPages”), which was acquired by the Company in a merger during 2018, were merged into another of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Say Media, Inc. (“Say Media”), which was acquired by the Company in a merger during 2018, with Say Media as the surviving corporation. On January 6, 2020, Say Media changed its name to The Arena Platform, Inc. (“Arena Platform”). As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries consist of The Arena Platform, The Arena Media Brands, LLC (“Arena Media”) (formerly known as Maven Media Brands, LLC) formed during 2019 as a wholly owned subsidiary of The Arena Group), TheStreet, Inc. (“TheStreet” acquired by the Company in a merger during 2019), College Spun Media Incorporated (“The Spun” acquired by the Company in a merger during 2021), Athlon Holdings, Inc. (“Parade” acquired by the Company in a merger during 2022), and Athlon Sports Communications, Inc. The Company changed its legal name to The Arena Group Holdings, Inc. from TheMaven, Inc. on February 8, 2022. The Company’s subsidiaries changed their corporate names to The Arena Platform, Inc. from Maven Coalition, Inc. and to The Arena Media Brands, LLC from Maven Media Brands, LLC on February 18, 2022. Unless the context indicates otherwise, The Arena Group, The Arena Platform, TheStreet, The Spun and Parade, are together hereinafter referred to as the “Company.” Business Operations The Company is a media company that leverages technology to build deep content verticals powered by anchor brands and a best-in-class digital media platform (the “Platform”) empowering publishers who impact, inform, educate, and entertain. The Company’s strategy is to focus on key subject matter verticals where audiences are passionate about a topic category (e.g., sports & leisure, lifestyle, and finance) where it can leverage the strength of its core brands to grow its audience and increase monetization both within its core brands as well as for its media publisher partners (each, a “Publisher Partner”). The Company’s focus is on leveraging its Platform and brands in targeted verticals to maximize audience reach, enhance engagement, and optimize monetization of digital publishing assets for the benefit of its users, its advertiser clients, and its greater than 20 owned and operated properties as well as properties it runs on behalf of independent Publisher Partners. The Company owns and operates Athlon Sports, TheStreet, The Spun, Parade, and Men’s Journal and powers more than 150 independent Publisher Partners. Each Publisher Partner joins the Platform by invitation only with the objective of improving the Company’s position in key verticals while optimizing the performance of the Publisher Partner. Publisher Partners incur the costs in content creation on their respective channels and receive a share of the revenue associated with their content. Because of the state-of-the-art technology and large scale of the Platform and the Company’s expertise in search engine optimization, social media, ad monetization and subscription marketing, Publisher Partners continually benefit from the Company’s ongoing technological advances and audience development expertise. While the Publisher Partners benefit from these critical performance improvements, they may also save substantial technology, infrastructure, advertising sales, member marketing and management costs. Additionally, the Company believes the lead brands within its verticals create a halo benefit for all Publisher Partners while each of them adds to the breadth and quality of content. While the Publisher Partners benefit from these critical performance improvements, they may also save substantial technology, infrastructure, advertising sales, member marketing and management costs. F- 11 Of the more than 150 Publisher Partners, a majority of them publish content which aligns with one of our four verticals (sports & leisure, finance, lifestyle and platform), and oversee an online community for their respective sites, leveraging our Platform, monetization operation, distribution channels and data and analytics offerings, and benefiting from our ability to engage the collective audiences within a single network. Generally, Publisher Partners are independently owned, strategic partners who receive a share of revenue from the interaction with their content. Audiences expand and advertising revenue may improve due to the scale we have achieved by combining all Publisher Partners into a single platform and a large and experienced sales organization. They also benefit from our membership marketing and management systems, which we believe will enhance their revenue. Platform The Company developed the Platform, a proprietary online publishing platform that provides its owned and operated media businesses, Publisher Partners (who are third parties producing and publishing content on their own domains), and individual creators contributing content to its owned and operated sites (“Expert Contributors”), the ability to produce and manage editorially focused content through tools and services provided by it. The Company has also developed proprietary advertising technology, techniques and relationships that allow it, its Publisher Partners, and its Expert Contributors to monetize editorially focused online content through various display and video advertisements and tools and services for driving a subscription or membership based business and other monetization services (the “Monetization Solutions” and, together with the Platform, the “Platform Services”). The Company’s Platform offers audiences bespoke content with optimized design and page construction. The Platform comprises state-of-the-art publishing tools, video platforms, social distribution channels, newsletter technology, machine learning content recommendations, notifications, and other technology that deliver a complete set of features to drive a digital media business in an entirely cloud-based suite of services. The Company’s software engineering and product development teams are experienced at delivering these services at scale. The Company continues to develop the Platform software by combining proprietary code with components from the open-source community, plus select commercial services as well as identifying, acquiring, and integrating other platform technologies where it sees unique long-term benefits to it. Seasonality The Company experiences seasonality in its business as a result of typical seasonal spending trends in the advertising industry due to consumer behavior and market activity throughout the year. These seasonal trends are driven by calendar or commercial events that happen annually including holidays, weather, school terms, sports seasons and major sporting events. Seasonality can be viewed between the Company’s fiscal quarters. The first quarter of the calendar year is notably the Company’s most challenging quarter for revenue performance. During this quarter, advertisers are planning their budgets and current year spend and consumer spending declines after the holidays. As a result, Revenue per Page View (“RPM”) is typically lowest during the first quarter. During the second quarter of the calendar year, the Company typically see advertisers starting to spend their budgets more actively, which results in RPMs starting to recover. Summer is traditionally a quiet season, as people spend more time outdoors and less time online resulting in lower revenue in the third quarter. Advertisers usually readjust their budgets during this time and devise new strategies for the remainder of the year. Naturally, the Company sees the highest dip in July, after which RPMs gradually start to increase. The fourth quarter of the calendar year is the Company’s most profitable season. Advertising typically peaks in the fourth quarter as advertisers tend to concentrate their budgets during the holiday season. This trend is magnified by professional sports and college football seasons, which account for a significant portion of the Company’s advertising revenue during that period of the year. Other sporting events such as the Super Bowl, the Winter and Summer Olympics, soccer’s World Cup, and major golf, tennis and cycling events create increased traffic at the time of these respective events. Going Concern The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company’s consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if it is unable to continue as a going concern. F- 12 For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company incurred a net loss from continuing operations of $ 7,667 , and as of December 31, 2024, had cash on hand of $ 4,362 and a working capital deficit of $ 82,022 . Management has evaluated the Company’s net loss from continuing operations and working capital deficit to determine if the significance of those conditions or events would limit its ability to meet its obligations when due, including under the Loan Documents and Simplify Loan. In its evaluation, management determined that substantial doubt exists about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a one-year period following the financial statement issuance date due to the net loss from continued operations and working capital deficit. The Company’s financial results have improved in recent periods due to headcount and consulting spend reductions. In addition, the Company is planning to continue improving monthly financial performance through the reduction of costs and monthly cash requirements, maintain compliance with the terms of all outstanding debt agreements, and take actions to resolve current and potential future liabilities to alleviate the conditions that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern, such as resolving pending litigation. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to execute these plans. If the Company is unable to execute these plans, it could lead to selling assets and further reducing costs and cash requirements. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the financial statements of The Arena Group and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Arena Media, Arena Platform, TheStreet, The Spun and Parade. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported results of operations during the reporting period. Significant estimates include: allowance for credit losses; capitalization of platform development and associated useful lives; goodwill and other acquired intangible assets and associated useful lives; assumptions used in accruals for potential liabilities; stock-based compensation and the determination of the fair value; valuation allowances for deferred tax assets and uncertain tax positions; accounting for business combinations; and assumptions used to calculate contingent liabilities. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates. Risks and Uncertainties The Company’s business and operations are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the United States and worldwide. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, fluctuations in debt and equity capital markets and the general condition of the United States and world economy. A host of factors beyond the Company’s control could cause fluctuations in these conditions. Adverse developments in these general business and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and the results of its operations. In addition, the Company will compete with many companies that currently have extensive and well-funded projects, marketing and sales operations as well as extensive human capital. The Company may be unable to compete successfully against these companies. The Company’s industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology and market demands. As a result, the Company’s products, services, or expertise may become obsolete or unmarketable. The Company’s future success will depend on its ability to adapt to technological advances, anticipate customer and market demands, and enhance its current technology under development. F- 13 Uncertainty in the global economy presents significant risks to the Company’s business. Increases in inflation, instability in the global banking system, tariffs, geopolitical factors, including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Israel and the responses thereto may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business. While the Company is closely monitoring the impact of the current macroeconomic conditions on all aspects of its business, the ultimate extent of the impact on its business remains highly uncertain and will depend on future developments and factors that continue to evolve. Most of these developments and factors are outside of the Company’s control and could exist for an extended period of time. As a result, the Company is subject to continuing risks and uncertainties. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss includes net loss as well as other changes in stockholders’ deficit which includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net loss. To date, the Company has not had any transactions that are required to be reported in comprehensive loss other than the net loss incurred from operations. Segment Reporting The Company operates within the media industry, providing digital content across four primary verticals (as further described in Note 26) through its publishing platform. The Company leverages its Platform to build content verticals powered by anchor brands. The Company’s strategy is to focus on key subject matter verticals where audiences are passionate about a topic category where it can leverage the strength of its core brands to grow its audience and monetize editorially focused online content through various display and video advertisements that are viewed by internet users of the content. The Company has four reportable segments: Sports & Leisure, Finance, Lifestyle, and Platform. The Company’s reportable segments are organized in subject matter verticals that offer content on the respective topic. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Chief Executive Officer. The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources for all of its reportable segments based on segment gross profit. This segment profit measure is defined as segment revenue less segment cost of revenue, consisting of those costs and expenses directly attributable to the segment. The segment profit measure is used by the CODM to assess the performance of each segment by comparing the results of each segment with one another (see Note 26). Revenue Recognition In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generates all revenue from contracts with customers. The Company has determined it is generally the principal in transactions with customers and therefore accounts for the majority of revenue on a gross as compared to a net basis, in its statement of operations. The Company has made this determination based on its control of the advertising inventory and the ability to monetize the advertising inventory or publications and determine price before transfer to the customer and because it is also the primary obligor responsible for providing the services to the customer. Significant costs of revenue are presented as a separate line item on the consolidated statements of operations. The following is a description of the principal activities from which the Company generates revenue. Advertising Revenue Digital Advertising – the Company recognizes revenue from digital advertisements at the point when each ad is viewed. The Company enters into contracts with advertising networks to serve display or video advertisements on the digital media pages associated with its various channels. The quantity of advertisements, the impression bid prices, and revenue are reported on a real-time basis to its partners. Although reported advertising transactions are subject to adjustment by the advertising network partners, any such adjustments are known within a few days of month end. The Company owes its independent Publisher Partners a revenue share of the advertising revenue earned, which is recorded as service costs in the same period in which the associated advertising revenue is recognized. F- 14 Advertising revenue is comprised of fees charged for the placement of advertising on the Company’s websites that the Company owns and operates and is recognized as the advertising or sponsorship is displayed, provided that collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Print Advertising – advertising related revenues for print advertisements are recognized when advertisements are published (defined as an issue’s on-sale date), net of provisions for estimated rebates, rate adjustments, and discounts. Performance Marketing The Company recognizes revenue from numerous affiliate networks, which facilitate partnerships with merchants. The Company creates editorial and sponsored content recommending products and services to our readers, and the Company is paid a commission when a user clicks from our websites to a merchant and makes a transaction. The affiliate networks manage the attribution of clicks from our websites and transactions with the merchants. The commission rates are variable based on merchant, product category, seasonality, among other factors. Subscription Revenue Digital Subscriptions – the Company enters into contracts with internet users that subscribe to premium content on its owned and operated media channels and facilitates such contracts between internet users and its Publisher Partners. These contracts provide internet users with a membership subscription to access the premium content. For subscription revenue generated by its independent Publisher Partners’ content, the Company owes its Publisher Partners a revenue share of the membership subscription revenue earned, which is initially deferred and recorded as deferred contract costs. The Company recognizes deferred contract costs over the membership subscription term in the same pattern that the associated membership subscription revenue is recognized. Digital subscription revenue generated from websites that the Company owns and operate are charged to customers’ credit cards or are directly billed to corporate subscribers and are generally billed in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. The Company calculates net subscription revenue by deducting from gross revenue an estimate of potential refunds from cancelled subscriptions as well as chargebacks of disputed credit card charges. Net subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription periods. Unearned revenue relates to payments for subscription fees for which revenue has not been recognized because services have not yet been provided. Newsstand Includes single copy sales at newsstands recognized on the publication’s on-sale date, net of provisions for estimated returns. The Company bases its estimates for returns on historical experience and current marketplace conditions. Licensing and Publisher Revenue Content licensing-based revenues and publisher revenues are sales-based or usage-based royalties promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property which are typically exclusive and accrued monthly or quarterly based on the specific mechanisms of each contract. Revenues are generally sales-based or usage-based royalties provided as consideration for providing customers with new content on a recurring basis or in exchange for a license of intellectual property. For contracts to provide content as a recurring service, the Company recognizes the sales-based or usage-based royalty over time using the as-invoiced practical expedient. For contracts to provide one or more functional content licenses, the Company recognizes revenue at the point in time when the license is delivered and records the variable consideration in the contract as the subsequent sale or usage occurs. Guaranteed minimums represent fixed consideration and are recognized over time or at a point in time depending on the contract type. F- 15 Performance Obligations At contract inception, the Company assesses the obligations promised in its contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer a good or service or bundle that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all the promises in the contract, whether explicitly stated or implied based on customary business practices. For a contract that has more than one performance obligation, the Company allocates the total contract consideration to each distinct performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied, and control is transferred to the customer. Digital Advertising – The Company sells digital advertising inventory on its websites directly to advertisers or through advertising agencies. The Company’s performance obligations related to digital advertising are generally satisfied when the advertisement is run on the Company’s platform. Digital Subscriptions – The Company recognizes revenue from each membership subscription to access the premium content as a series of distinct services representing a single performance obligation that is satisfied over time based on a daily calculation of revenue during the reporting period, which is generally one year. Subscriber payments are initially recorded as unearned revenue on the balance sheet. The requirement of the Company is to provide the subscription service (it is the primary service sold to customers), which is substantially the same each day of the term, although the underlying activities it performs to provide the subscription service may vary from day to day. Performance Marketing – Performance Marketing transactions involve the promotion of other companies’ products and services over the internet through digital advertising platforms. The Company includes links to products and services in its display content on the Platform. When a consumer clicks on the links and completes a purchase of a product or performs a specific action, such as signing up for a service, the Company earns commissions by promoting products and services through affiliate links. The promise to integrate links in its display content on the Platform is delivered when a consumer clicks on the links and completes a purchase. An individual click is capable of being distinct since the customer can benefit from it on its own or together with readily available resources. An individual click is distinct in the context of the contract since each click is not dependent on any other click – the clicks are not highly affected or highly interrelated with other promises in the contract. Each click is distinct in the context of the contract. Therefore, a click on the link making a purchase is a single performance obligation. Newsstand – The Company sells single copy magazines, or bundles of single copy magazines, to wholesalers for ultimate resale on newsstands, primarily at major retailers and grocery/drug stores, and in digital form on tablets and other electronic devices. Publications sold to magazine wholesalers are sold with the right to receive credit from the Company for magazines returned to the wholesaler by retailers. Licensing and Publisher Revenues – The Company has entered into various licensing and syndication agreements that provide third-party partners with the right to utilize the Company’s content. Publisher Revenue is generated from the transfer of digital content on the Platform through republishing that content on third-party websites through the granting of a non-exclusive, non-transferable license. The Company is entitled to monthly fees based on the number of page views, which may include a monthly minimum guarantee of page views. Determining the Transaction Price Digital Advertising The contractual transaction price in digital advertising contracts can vary. For direct digital advertising, the transaction price is determined by individual clicks on an ad (cost per click) or individual number of ad impressions, or delivering a specified number of ad impressions, regardless of whether the ad is clicked (i.e. count of display of ads to users - cost per thousand of impressions – CPM), delivering a certain number of clicks on an ad (cost per click), a cumulative guaranteed viewership across an entire ad campaign and fixed flat fee. F- 16 For programmatic digital advertising, specific pricing is not defined in the individual Sell-Side Platform (“SSP”) contract since the pricing is based on winning bids from real-time auctions, less any fees charged from the SSP. Programmatic pricing involves an automated bidding on ad inventory in real-time, often through ad exchanges. The Company’s ad operations department works with the SSP by providing pricing parameters, such as a floor price that the Company is willing to accept. Performance Marketing The transaction price for Performance Marketing transactions is determined by specific outcomes such as sign-ups, purchases, or other actions initiated by users after interacting with the ad. The transaction price is calculated as a percentage of the retail price of the goods or services sold and delivered. Generally, the Company receives approximately 90 days following the end of each calendar month, payment for referral fees earned on qualifying products that were shipped during that month. If a customer returns a product that generated a referral fee, a deduction for the corresponding referral fee is taken from the next monthly payment. The Company records a liability for potential returns in the amount expected to be returned to the customer. The Company continuously updates its estimate of expected returns based on available information, such as historical returns and current market conditions. Publisher Revenue Publisher Revenue is generated from the transfer of digital content on the Platform through republishing that content on third-party websites through the granting of a non-exclusive, non-transferable license. The Company is entitled to monthly fees based on the number of page views, which may include a monthly minimum guarantee of page views. In exchange for providing the license, the Company will only receive as consideration a percentage of the gross revenue generated from the page views, essentially impressions (that is, usage-based consideration, which is considered a form of variable consideration). The transaction price is typically stated as a percentage of gross revenue generated from page views. Digital Subscriptions The transaction price is fixed upon the inception of the contract and includes the quantity and price of each subscription purchased and does not typically include any type of variable consideration. Timing of Satisfaction of Performance Obligations Point-in-Time Performance Obligations – For performance obligations related to certain digital advertising space and sales of print advertisements, the Company determines that the customer can direct the use of and obtain substantially all the benefits from the advertising products as the digital impressions are served or on the issue’s on-sale date. For sales of single copy magazines on newsstands, revenue is recognized on the issue’s on-sale date, as the date aligns most closely with the date that control is transferred to the customer, net of estimated returns. Revenues from functional licenses and syndication arrangements are recognized as a usage-based royalty when the subsequent usage occurs. Revenue from performance marketing transactions is recognized at the point in time when an individual clicks the link and makes a purchase, net of an estimate for potential returns. Over-Time Performance Obligations – For performance obligations related to sales of certain digital advertising space, the Company transfers control and recognizes revenue over time by measuring progress towards complete satisfaction using the most appropriate method. For performance obligations related to digital advertising, the Company satisfies its performance obligations on some flat-fee digital advertising placements over time using a time-elapsed output method. Determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized. The Company has determined that the above methods provide a faithful depiction of the transfer of goods or services to the customer. For performance obligations recognized using a time-elapsed output method, the Company’s efforts are expended evenly throughout the period. Performance obligations related to subscriptions to premium content on the digital media channels provide access for a given period of time, which is generally one year. The Company recognizes revenue from each membership subscription over time based on a daily calculation of revenue during the reporting period. F- 17 Disaggregation of Revenue The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by category, geographical market and timing of revenue recognition: Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue 2024 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Revenue by category: Digital revenue Digital advertising $ 93,008 $ 106,455 Digital subscriptions 7,800 11,956 Licensing and Publisher Revenue 8,781 11,401 Other digital revenue 15,245 4,311 Total digital revenue 124,834 134,123 Print revenue Print advertising 48 3,600 Print subscriptions 1,025 5,907 Total print revenue 1,073 9,507 Total revenue $ 125,907 $ 143,630 Revenue by geographical market: United States $ 118,491 $ 137,873 Other 7,416 5,757 Total revenue $ 125,907 $ 143,630 Revenue by timing of recognition: At point in time $ 110,486 $ 131,674 Over time 15,421 11,956 Total revenue $ 125,907 $ 143,630 Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue represents the cost of providing the Company’s digital media channels and advertising and membership services. The cost of revenue that the Company has incurred in the periods presented primarily include: internal and external cost of content; amortization of developed technology and platform development; royalty fees; hosting and bandwidth and software license fees; printing and distribution costs; payroll and related expenses for customer support, technology maintenance; fees paid for data analytics and to other outside service providers; and stock-based compensation of related personnel (as described in Note 21). Contract Balances The timing of the Company’s performance under its various contracts often differs from the timing of the customer’s payment, which results in the recognition of a contract asset or a contract liability. A contract asset is recognized when a good or service is transferred to a customer and the Company does not have the contractual right to bill for the related performance obligations. An asset is recognized when certain costs incurred to obtain a contract meet the capitalization criteria (further details are provided under the heading Subscription Acquisition Costs ). A contract liability is recognized for unearned revenue when consideration is received from the customer prior to the transfer of goods or services. The following table provides information about contract balances: Schedule of Contract Balances 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Unearned revenue (short-term contract liabilities): Digital revenue $ 6,349 $ 151 Print revenue - 16,787 Unearned revenue (short-term contract liabilities) $ 6,349 $ 16,938 Unearned revenue (long-term contract liabilities): Digital revenue $ 403 $ 542 Unearned revenue (long-term contract liabilities) $ 403 $ 542 The Company’s contract liabilities were $2 0,834 for the current portion of contract liabilities and $ 2,517 for the noncurrent portion of contract liabilities as of January 1, 2023. Unearned Revenue – unearned revenue, also referred to as contract liabilities, include payments received in advance of performance under certain contracts and are recognized as revenue over time. The Company records contract liabilities as unearned revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. Digital revenue and print revenue of $ 16,892 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024 from unearned revenue at the beginning of the year. Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at banks where amounts on deposit may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit during the year. Cash and cash equivalents represent cash and highly liquid investments with an original contractual maturity at the date of purchase of three months. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash and cash equivalents of $ 4,362 and $ 9,284 , respectively, consisted primarily of checking, savings deposits and money market accounts. These deposits exceeded federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk regarding its cash and cash equivalents. F- 18 Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses The Company receives payments from advertising customers based upon contractual payment terms; accounts receivable is recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and are generally collected within 90 days. The Company generally receives payments from digital and print subscription customers at the time of sign up for each subscription; accounts receivable from merchant credit card processors are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and are generally collected weekly. Accounts receivable have been reduced by an allowance for credit losses. The Company maintains the allowance for estimated losses resulting from the inability of the Company’s customers to make required payments. The allowance represents the current estimate of lifetime expected credit losses over the remaining duration of existing accounts receivable considering current market conditions and supportable forecasts when appropriate. The estimate is a result of the Company’s ongoing evaluation of collectability, customer creditworthiness, historical levels of credit losses, and future expectations. Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible and collection of the receivable is no longer being actively pursued. Accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $ 31,115 and $ 31,676 , respectively, and are presented net of allowance for credit losses. The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses activity: Schedule of Allowance For Doubtful Accounts 2024 2023 Years Ended of December 31, 2024 2023 Allowance for credit losses - beginning of year $ 374 $ 1,036 Additions 1,934 315 Deductions - write-offs ( 850 ) ( 977 ) Allowance for credit losses - end of year $ 1,458 $ 374 Subscription Acquisition Costs Subscription acquisition costs include the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer, paid to external parties, if the Company expects to recover those costs. The Company has determined that sales commissions paid on all third-party agent sales of subscriptions are direct and incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and, therefore, meet the capitalization criteria. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to amortize these costs at the portfolio level. The sales commissions paid to third party agents are amortized as the magazines are sent to the subscriber on an issue-by-issue basis. The Company determined that commissions paid for subscriber renewal contracts to all third-party agents are not from a specifically anticipated future contract, therefore, the commissions paid on renewals are amortized as the magazines are sent to the subscriber over the renewal term on an issue-by-issue basis. Direct mail costs for renewal subscriptions are expensed as incurred since they do not meet the capitalization criteria. Amortization of subscription acquisition costs for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 has been presented within discontinued operations (reported within selling and marketing as presented in Note 3). All subscription acquisition costs are related to the discontinued operations and have been impaired as of December 31, 2024 recognized within loss from discontinued operations (for further details see Note 3). Concentrations Significant Customers – Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited to customers to whom the Company makes significant sales. While a reserve for the potential write-off of accounts receivable is maintained, the Company has not written off any material accounts to date. To control credit risk, the Company performs regular credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. There was no revenue from a single customer that was considered significant as a percentage of the Company’s total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. F- 19 There were no significant accounts receivable balances as a percentage of the Company’s total accounts receivable from customers as of December 31, 2024. Significant accounts receivable balances as a percentage of the Company’s total accounts receivable balances represented 14.1 % from a customer as of December 31, 2023. Significant Vendors – Concentrations of risk with respect to third party vendors who provide products and services to the Company are limited. If not limited, such concentrations could impact profitability if a vendor failed to fulfill their obligations or if a significant vendor was unable to renew an existing contract and the Company was not able to replace the related product or service at the same cost. There were no significant accounts payable balances as a percentage of the Company’s total accounts payable from vendors as of December 31, 2024. Significant accounts payable balances as a percentage of the Company’s total accounts payable represent 12.2 % from a vendor as of December 31, 2023. Leases The Company has lease arrangements for its offices. Leases are recorded as an operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and recognized upon commencement of the lease based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. At inception, the Company determines whether an arrangement that provides control over the use of an asset is a lease. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the renewal period, the Company includes the impact of the renewal in the lease term for purposes of determining total future lease payments. Rent expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not have any finance leases. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses from disposition of property and equipment are included on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss when realized. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization, Useful Lives of Assets Office equipment and computers 1 – 3 years Furniture and fixtures 1 – 5 years Platform Development The Company capitalizes platform development costs for internal use when planning and design efforts are successfully completed, and development is ready to commence. The Company places capitalized platform development assets into service and commences amortization when the applicable project or asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Once placed into service, the Company capitalizes qualifying costs of specified upgrades or enhancements to capitalized platform development assets when the upgrade or enhancement will result in new or additional functionality. The Company capitalizes internal labor costs, including payroll-based and stock-based compensation, benefits and payroll taxes, that are incurred for certain capitalized platform development projects related to the Platform. Platform development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over three years, which is the estimated useful life of the related asset and is recorded in cost of revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Amortization period may be accelerated if the useful life of the related asset is shortened. F- 20 Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting requires that the purchase price, including the fair value of contingent consideration, of the acquisition be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the estimated fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. Goodwill is measured as the excess of consideration transferred and the net fair values of the assets acquired, and the liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent the Company identifies adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Additionally, the Company identifies acquisition-related contingent payments and determines their respective fair values as of the acquisition date, which are recorded as accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent changes in fair value of contingent payments are recorded on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company expenses transaction costs related to the acquisition as incurred. Long-Lived and Definite-Lived Intangible Assets Long-lived assets and definite-lived intangible assets, consisting of developed technology, customer relationships, and trade names, are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic life of the assets. Long-lived and definite-lived intangible assets are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For long-lived and definite-lived intangible assets, an impairment loss is indicated when the undiscounted future cash flows estimated to be generated by the asset group are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of the asset group. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the primary asset in the group. Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets of businesses acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but rather is tested for impairment at least annually on October 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. Recoverability of goodwill is determined by comparing the fair value of the reporting units to the carrying value of the underlying net assets in the reporting units. If the fair value of a reporting unit is determined to be less than the carrying value of its net assets, goodwill is deemed impaired, and an impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the difference between the fair value of the reporting unit and the fair value of its other assets and liabilities. The Company determined its operating segments are its reportable units for goodwill impairment testing, See Note 10 Goodwill in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Company determines the fair value of its reporting units by utilizing the discounted cash flow method of an income approach and the value indicated by the market approach, comparing transaction prices or stock prices of comparable guideline companies to our market value. The income and the market approach are equally weighted when determining fair value of the reportable unit. These analyses require significant assumptions and judgments. These assumptions and judgments include estimation of future cash flows, projections of revenue growth and margins, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimation of the long-term rates of growth of the business, estimation of the useful life over which cash flows will occur, determination of the discount rate and the selection of comparable companies and the interpretation of their data. As well as a control premium determined by utilizing publicly available data from studies for similar transactions of public companies. No impairment charges were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2024. F- 21 Debt Costs Debt costs consist of cash and noncash consideration paid to lenders and third parties with respect to debt and other financing transactions, including legal fees and placement fees. Such costs are deferred and amortized over the term of the related debt. Additional consideration in the form of warrants and other derivative financial instruments issued to lenders are accounted for at fair value utilizing information determined through consultation with the Company’s independent valuation firm. The fair value of warrants and derivatives are recorded as a reduction to the carrying amount of the related debt and amortized to interest expense over the term of such debt, with the initial offsetting entries recorded as a liability on the balance sheet. Upon the settlement of the debt the pro rata portion of any related unamortized debt cost is charged to operations. Liquidated Damages The Company incurred and may continue to incur liquidated damages when: (i) a registration rights agreement provided for damages if the Company did not register the shares of the Company’s common stock within the requisite time frame (the “Registration Rights Damages”), which, in general, provided for a cash payment equal to 1.0% per month of the amount invested, on a daily pro rata basis for any portion of a month, as partial liquidated damages per month, upon the occurrence of certain events, up to a maximum amount of 6.0% of the aggregate amount invested, subject to interest at the rate of 1.0% per month until paid in full; and (ii) a securities purchase agreement provided for damages if the Company failed for any reason to satisfy a public information requirement within the requisite time frame with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (the “Public Information Failure Damages”), which, in general, provided for a cash payment equal to 1.0% of the aggregate amount invested for each 30-day period, or pro rata portion thereof, as partial liquidated damages per month, up to a maximum of 6 months, subject to interest at the rate of 1.0% per month until paid in full. Collectively, the Registration Rights Damages and the Public Information Failure Damages are referred to as the “Liquidated Damages” on the consolidated balance sheets. Selling and Marketing Selling and marketing expenses consist of compensation, employee benefits and stock-based compensation of selling and marketing, account management support teams, as well as commissions, travel, trade show sponsorships and events, conferences and advertising costs. The Company’s advertising expenses are expensed when an advertisement takes place. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred advertising expenses of $ 2,156 and $ 3,043 , respectively, which are included within selling and marketing on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll for executive personnel, technology personnel incurred in developing conceptual formulation and determination of existence of needed technology, and administrative personnel along with any related payroll costs; professional services, including accounting, legal and insurance; facilities costs; conferences; other general corporate expenses; and stock-based compensation of related personnel. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company accounts for freestanding contracts that are settleable in the Company’s equity securities, including the put option on the Company’s common stock, to be designated as an equity instrument, as a liability. A contract so designated is carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets, with any changes in fair value recorded as a gain or loss on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, with no impact on cash flows. At the date of settlement of a freestanding equity contract, the pro rata fair value of the related liability is transferred to additional paid-in capital. F- 22 Fair Value of Financial Instruments The authoritative guidance with respect to fair value established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels and requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of three categories, as presented below. Disclosure as to transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2, and activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, is also required. Level 1 . Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for an identical asset or liability that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 1 inputs include active-exchange traded securities and exchange-based derivatives. Level 2 . Inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include fixed income securities. Level 3 . Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 3 inputs include infrequently traded non-exchange-based derivatives and commingled investment funds and are measured using present value pricing models. The Company determines the level in the fair value hierarchy within which each fair value measurement falls in its entirety, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs an analysis of the assets and liabilities at each reporting period end. The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments comprising of cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments. Preferred Stock Preferred stock (the “Preferred Stock”) (as described in Note 19) is reported as a mezzanine obligation between liabilities and stockholders’ deficiency. If it becomes probable that the Preferred Stock will become redeemable, the Company will re-measure the Preferred Stock by adjusting the carrying value to the redemption value of the Preferred Stock assuming each balance sheet date is a redemption date. Stock-Based Compensation The Company provides stock-based compensation in the form of (a) stock awards to employees and directors, comprised of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, (b) stock option grants to employees, directors and consultants, (c) common stock warrants to Publisher Partners (no warrants were issued during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023) (further details are provided under the headings Publisher Partner Warrants and New Publisher Partner Warrants in Note 21), and (d) common stock warrants to ABG (further details are provided under the heading ABG Warrants in Note 21). The Company accounts for stock awards and stock option grants to employees, directors and consultants, and non-employee awards to certain directors and consultants by measuring the cost of services received in exchange for the stock-based payments as compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Stock awards and stock option grants to employees and non-employees which are time-vested, are measured at fair value on the grant date, and charged to operations ratably over the vesting period. Stock awards and stock option grants to employees and non-employees which are performance-vested, are measured at fair value on the grant date and charged to operations when the performance condition is satisfied or over the service period. F- 23 The fair value measurement of stock awards and grants used for stock-based compensation is as follows: (1) restricted stock awards and restricted stock units which are time-vested, are determined using the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock at the grant date; (2) stock option grants which are time-vested and performance-vested, are determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model at the grant date; (3) restricted stock units and stock option grants which provide for market-based vesting with a time-vesting overlay, are determined through consultation with the Company’s independent valuation firm using the Monte Carlo model at the grant date; (4) Publisher Partner Warrants were determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model; and (5) ABG warrants are determined utilizing the Monte Carlo model (further details are provided in Note 21). Estimated volatility was determined under the (1) “Probability Weighted Scenarios” (prior to the reverse stock split on February 8, 2022) where one scenario assumes that the Company’s common stock will be up-listed on a national stock exchange (the “Exchange”) on a certain listing date (the “Up-list”) where the estimated volatility was based on evaluating the average historical volatility of a group of peer companies that are publicly traded and the second scenario assumes that the Company’s common stock is not up-listed on the Exchange prior to the final vesting date of the grants (the “No Up-list”) where the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock was evaluated based upon market comparisons; and the (2) “Up-list Scenario” (after the reverse stock split on February 8, 2022) where the Company estimated volatility based on evaluating the average historical volatility of a group of peer companies that are publicly traded after the Company up-listed to the NYSE American. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The fair market value of common stock is determined by reference to the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock. The Company has elected to recognize forfeitures as they occur and to recognize stock-based compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the total requisite service period for awards with graded vesting. The Company classifies stock-based compensation cost on its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the same manner in which the award recipient’s cash compensation cost is classified. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to operating loss carryforwards and temporary differences between financial statement bases of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in the income tax rates on deferred tax asset and liability balances is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of such rate change. A valuation allowance is recorded for loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets when it is determined that it is more likely than not that such loss carryforwards and deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company follows accounting guidance that sets forth a threshold for financial statement recognition, measurement, and disclosure of a tax position taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Such guidance requires the Company to determine whether a tax position of the Company is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the applicable taxing authority, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on technical merits of the position. Discontinued Operations When a component such as a reportable segment or an operating segment, a reporting unit, or an asset group is classified as held for sale or disposed of, representing a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s financial results, the component is classified as a discontinued operation. Loss per Common Share Basic loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and excludes any dilutive effects of common stock equivalent shares, such as stock options, restricted stock, and warrants. All restricted stock awards are considered outstanding but are included in the computation of basic loss per common share only when the restrictions expire, the shares are no longer forfeitable, and are thus vested. Restricted stock units are included in the computation of basic loss per common share only when the restrictions expire, the shares are no longer forfeitable, and are thus vested. Contingently issuable shares are included in basic loss per common share only when there are no circumstances under which those shares would not be issued. Diluted loss per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and common stock equivalent shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. F- 24 The Company excluded the outstanding securities summarized below (capitalized terms are described herein), which entitle the holders thereof to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock, from its calculation of net loss per common share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. Common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the diluted calculations when a net loss is incurred as they would be anti-dilutive. Schedule of Common Stock Equivalent Shares Excluded From Diluted Calculations 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Series G Preferred Stock 8,582 8,582 Financing Warrants 39,774 39,774 ABG Warrants 999,540 999,540 AllHipHop Warrants 5,682 5,682 Publisher Partner Warrants 9,800 9,800 Restricted stock units 15,557 199,267 Common stock options 2,943,676 5,451,968 Total 4,022,611 6,714,613 Anti-dilutive securities 4,022,611 6,714,613 Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions , which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. This update also clarifies that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction and requires certain disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions. ASU 2022-03 was effective for the Company in the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within the fiscal year. The adoption of ASU 2022-03 on January 1, 2024 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures , a new standard to improve reportable segment disclosures. The guidance expands the disclosures required for reportable segments in annual and interim financial statements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for public entities’ fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted the standard retrospectively in the fourth quarter of 2024 with additional disclosure in the notes to consolidated financial statements (refer to Note 2 and Note 26 for segment reporting). Recently Issued Accounting Standards In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures , which will require the Company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 will also require the Company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. The provisions of ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024; early adoption is permitted using either a prospective or retrospective transition method. The Company expects ASU 2023-09 to require additional disclosures in the notes to its consolidated financial statements. F- 25 In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses . This ASU aims to enhance the transparency of financial reporting by requiring public business entities (PBEs) to provide detailed disclosures about the components of significant expense captions presented in the income statement. The Company will be required to disclose, in a tabular format, the amounts recognized within each relevant expense caption in the income statement. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026; early adoption is permitted using either a prospective or retrospective transition method. The Company is not planning to early adopt. The Company expects ASU 2024-23 to require additional tabular disclosures in the notes to its consolidated financial statements. Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures. 3. Discontinued Operations On March 18, 2024, the Company discontinued the Sports Illustrated media business (the “SI Business”) that was operated under the Licensing Agreement with ABG-SI, LLC (“ABG”) dated June 14, 2019 (as amended to date, the “Licensing Agreement”). This discontinuation of the SI Business (i.e., discontinued operations) followed the termination of the Licensing Agreement by ABG on January 18, 2024. The last date of any obligation of the Company to perform under the Licensing Agreement was March 18, 2024. In connection with the termination, certain ABG Warrants vested (further details are provided under the heading Vesting of Warrants in Note 21). The table below sets forth the loss from discontinued operations: Schedule of Discontinued Operations 2024 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Revenue $ 22,159 $ 100,573 Cost of revenue 15,137 53,883 Gross profit (loss) 7,022 46,690 Operating expense Selling and marketing 12,358 49,982 General and administrative (1) 45,907 369 Depreciation and amortization 2,401 14,681 Loss on impairment of assets (2) 39,391 - Total operating expenses 100,057 65,032 Loss from discontinued operations ( 93,035 ) ( 18,342 ) Income tax provision ( 8 ) ( 25 ) Net loss from discontinued operations $ ( 93,043 ) $ ( 18,367 ) (1) General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024, includes a $ 45,000 termination fee liability. (2) Loss on impairment of assets for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $ 39,391 , includes $ 8,601 for the impairment of intangible assets and $ 30,790 for the impairment of subscription acquisition costs. The table below sets forth the major classes of assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations: 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Assets Accounts receivable, net $ - $ 13,135 Subscription acquisition costs, current portion - 29,706 Prepayments and other current assets - 807 Current assets from discontinued operations - 43,648 Subscription acquisition costs, net of current portion - 7,215 Acquired and other intangibles assets, net - 11,002 Noncurrent assets from discontinued operations - 18,217 Total assets from discontinued operations $ - $ 61,865 Liabilities Accounts payable $ 1,783 $ 2,554 Accrued expenses and other 519 1,868 Subscription refund liability 423 403 Royalty fee liability (1) 3,750 - Termination fee liability (1) 45,000 - Subscription liability, current portion 44,684 42,848 Current liabilities from discontinued operations 96,159 47,673 Subscription liability, net of current portion - 10,137 Noncurrent liabilities from discontinued operations - 10,137 Total liabilities from discontinued operations $ 96,159 $ 57,810 (1) Further details related to the alleged and disputed royalty fee liability of $ 3,750 and termination fee liability of $ 45,000 are described under the heading ABG Group Legal Matters in Note 25. F- 26 The table below sets forth the cash flows of the discontinued operations: 2024 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Cash flows from operating activities from discontinued operations Net loss from discontinued operations $ ( 93,043 ) $ ( 18,367 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Amortization of intangible assets 2,401 14,681 Loss on impairment of assets 39,391 - Stock-based compensation 606 2,768 Bad debt expense 1,058 - Change in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net 12,077 ( 64 ) Subscription acquisition costs 6,131 3,143 Prepayments and other current assets 807 724 Accounts payable ( 771 ) ( 4,700 ) Accrued expenses and other (1) ( 1,349 ) 114 Subscription refund liability 20 ( 442 ) Subscription liability ( 8,301 ) ( 4,712 ) Royalty fee liability (1) 3,750 - Termination fee liability (1) 45,000 - Net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations $ 7,777 $ ( 6,855 ) (1) Included within accrued expenses and other on consolidated statements of cash flows. Further details regarding legal matters in connection with the discontinued operations are provided under the heading ABG Group Legal Matters in Note 25. 4. Acquisitions and Dispositions The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting, which is based on ASC, Business Combinations (Topic 805) , and uses the fair value concepts which requires, among other things, that most assets acquired, and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. 2023 Acquisition Teneology, Inc. – On January 11, 2023, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement with Teneology, Inc., (“Teneology”) pursuant to which it acquired certain assets (consisting of the RoadFood media business, including digital and television assets; the Moveable Feast media business, including digital and television assets; the Fexy-branded content studio business; and the MonkeySee YouTube Channel media business, collectively “Fexy Studios”), for a purchase price of $ 3,307 . The purchase price consisted of the following: (1) $ 500 cash paid at closing (including an advance payment of $ 250 prior to closing); (2) $ 75 deferred cash payments due in three equal installments (paid in 2023); (3) $ 200 deferred cash payment due on the first anniversary of the closing date, subject to certain indemnity provisions (further details are provided under the heading Fexy Put Option in Note 16); and (4) the issuance of 274,692 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain lock-up provisions, with a fair value of $ 2,000 on the transaction closing date (fair value was determined based on an independent appraisal); and which was subject to a put option under certain conditions (the “contingent consideration”) (as further described below in Note 16). The number of shares of the Company’s common stock issued was determined based on a $ 2,225 value using the common stock trading price on the day immed iately preceding the January 11, 2023 closing date (on the closing date the common stock trading price was $ 7.94 per share). The agreement also provided for a cash retention pool for certain employees of $ 300 , subject to vesting over three years upon continued employment and other conditions. F- 27 The composition of the purchase price is as follows: Schedule of Composition Preliminary Assets Purchase Price Cash $ 500 Common stock 2,000 Contingent consideration 561 Deferred cash payments, as discounted 246 Total purchase consideration $ 3,307 The Company accounted for the asset acquisition as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 since the acquisition met the definition of a business under the applicable guidance. The Company incurred $ 99 in transaction costs related to the acquisition, which primarily consisted of legal and accounting expenses. The acquisition-related expenses were recorded in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The purchase price allocation resulted in the following amounts being allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the closing date of the acquisition based upon their respective fair values as summarized below: Summary of Preliminary Assets Purchase Price Allocation Advertiser relationships $ 663 Brand names 659 Goodwill 1,985 Net assets acquired $ 3,307 The Company utilized an independent appraisal firm to assist in the determination of the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which required certain significant management assumptions and estimates. The fair value of the advertiser relationships were valued using the excess earnings method of the income approach and the brand names were valued using the relief-from-royalty method of the income approach. The estimated useful life is fifteen years ( 15.0 years) for the advertiser relationships and twelve years ( 12.0 years) for the brand names. The excess-of purchase price over the fair value amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed represents goodwill from the acquisition. Goodwill is recorded as a non-current asset that is not amortized but is subject to an annual review for impairment. The Company expects $ 1,678 of goodwill to be deductible for tax purposes. Supplemental Pro Forma Information The pro forma disclosures have been deemed impracticable for this acquisition since after making reasonable efforts the Company is unable to accept assumptions made by Teneology. The Company has determined, based on the information provided by Teneology and made available to the Company, that the earnings from the prior periods could not be verified since the acquisition only included certain activities of Teneology and financial statements were not available. In this regard, the Company: (1) made reasonable effort to obtain certain financial results of the certain activities but Teneology was unable to comply with this request; and (2) the presentation of the pro forma results and the assumptions made by Teneology management were unable to be independently substantiated. F- 28 2023 Disposition On November 17, 2023, the Company sold certain assets related to one of Parade’s business components known as Athlon Outdoors for cash proceeds of $ 1,061 ($ 1,000 sale price (with a target working capital of $ 272 ) plus a preliminary working capital adjustment of $ 61 ), as further reduced by a final working capital adjustment of $ 153 , as reflected in accrued expenses and other on the consolidated balance sheets, resulting in a final sale price of $ 908 . In connection with the sale, the Company disposed of certain advertiser relationships and trade name relating to that business component with a carrying value of $ 639 and $ 172 , respectively, along with the accounts receivable and accounts payable of the business component of $ 453 and $ 31 , respectively, resulting in a recognized loss on sale of assets of $ 325 as reflected on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. 5. Prepayments and Other Current Assets Prepayments and other current assets are summarized as follows: Schedule of Prepayments and Other Current Assets 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Prepaid expenses $ 2,078 $ 2,139 Prepaid supplies 62 773 Refundable income and franchise taxes 149 157 Unamortized debt costs - 209 Employee retention credits 2,468 2,468 Other receivables - 45 Total prepayments and other current assets $ 4,757 $ 5,791 Under the provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) and the subsequent extensions of the CARES Act, the Company was eligible for a refundable employee retention credit subject to certain criteria. The Company determined that it qualifies for the tax credit under the CARES Act. In connection with the CARES Act, the Company adopted a policy to recognize the employee retention credit when earned and to offset the credit against the related expenditure. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded the employee retention credits as a reduction to payroll and related expenses of $ 6,868 in operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations with a corresponding receivable included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets for the respective periods. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company received $ 4,400 in employee retention credits and has a receivable balance remaining of $ 2,468 as of December 31, 2024. 6. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are summarized as follows: Schedule of Property and Equipment 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Office equipment and computers $ 1,777 $ 1,744 Leasehold improvements 54 - Furniture and fixtures 133 166 Gross property and equipment 1,964 1,910 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization ( 1,816 ) ( 1,582 ) Net property and equipment $ 148 $ 328 Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $ 234 and $ 352 , respectively. Impairment charges for property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $ 0 and $ 55 , respectively, have been recorded on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. F- 29 7. Leases The Company has a real estate lease for the use of office space. The table below presents information related to the operating leases: Schedule of Supplemental Information Related to Operating Leases As of December 31, 2024 2023 Operating lease costs during the year $ 431 $ 1,052 Cash payments included in the measurement of operating lease liability during the year 916 486 Operating lease liability arising from obtaining lease right-of-use assets during the year 2,583 - Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) as of year-end 5.92 0.75 Weighted-average discount rate during the year 10.90 % 9.90 % The Company generally utilizes its incremental borrowing rates on a collateralized basis, reflecting the Company’s credit quality and the term of the lease at the commencement of the lease in determining the present value of future payments since the implicit rate for the Company’s leases is not readily determinable. Variable lease expense includes rental increases that are not fixed, such as those based on amounts paid to the lessor based on cost or consumption, such as maintenance and utilities. The components of operating lease costs were as follows: Schedule of Operating Lease Costs 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Operating lease costs included in: General and administrative $ 884 $ 1,344 Total operating costs (1) 884 1,344 Less sublease income ( 453 ) ( 292 ) Total operating lease costs $ 431 $ 1,052 (1) Includes certain costs associated with an expired business membership agreement that permitted access to certain office space of $ 0 and $ 620 and month-to-month lease arrangements of $ 0 and $ 396 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Maturities of the operating lease liability as of December 31, 2024 are summarized as follows: Summary of Maturity of Lease Liabilities Years Ending December 31, 2025 $ - 2026 652 2027 652 2028 652 2029 652 Thereafter 597 Total lease payments 3,205 Less imputed interest ( 987 ) Present value of operating lease liability $ 2,218 Current portion of operating lease liability $ 254 Long-term portion of operating lease liability 1,964 Total operating lease liability $ 2,218 Sublease Agreement – The Company has entered into agreements to sublease certain space that it does not occupy, through the duration of the lease terms, with one sublease that expires in September 2024 and two other subleases (these operating leases were recorded as an assumed lease liability in connection with the acquisition of Men’s Journal) that expires in March 2025. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is entitled to receive total sublease income of $ 265 which will offset an assumed liability. F- 30 Lease Termination – Effective September 30, 2021, the Company terminated a certain lease arrangement for office space. In connection with the termination, the Company agreed to pay the landlord cash payments and credits for market rate advertising, where $ 4,000 of cash payments were paid during each year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and market rate advertising of $ 800 and $ 615 recognized during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, leaving no further obligations related to the lease termination. 8. Platform Development Platform development costs are summarized as follows: Summary of Platform Development Costs 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Platform development $ 31,434 $ 26,054 Less accumulated amortization ( 23,319 ) ( 17,331 ) Net platform development $ 8,115 $ 8,723 A summary of platform development activity is as follows: Summary of Platform Development Cost Activity As of December 31, 2024 2023 Platform development beginning of year $ 26,054 $ 21,493 Payroll-based costs capitalized 5,121 3,773 Less dispositions - ( 164 ) Total capitalized payroll-based costs 31,175 25,102 Stock-based compensation 259 1,016 Impairments - ( 64 ) Platform development end of year $ 31,434 $ 26,054 Amortization expense for platform development for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $ 5,988 and $ 6,332 , respectively. Amortization expense for platform development is included in cost of revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Impairment charges for platform development for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of $ 0 and $ 64 , respectively, have been recorded on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. 9. Intangible Assets Intangible assets subject to amortization consisted of the following: Schedule of Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 Weighted Average Useful Life (in years) Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Developed technology 4.70 $ 17,333 $ ( 17,333 ) $ - $ 17,333 $ ( 17,333 ) $ - Trade name 16.10 5,181 ( 1,799 ) 3,382 5,181 ( 1,547 ) 3,634 Brand name 9.50 12,115 ( 3,729 ) 8,386 12,774 ( 2,374 ) 10,400 Subscriber relationships 8.50 2,150 ( 1,379 ) 771 2,150 ( 1,121 ) 1,029 Advertiser relationships 9.90 14,519 ( 4,269 ) 10,250 15,182 ( 2,832 ) 12,350 Database 3.00 1,140 ( 1,140 ) - 1,140 ( 1,140 ) - Digital content 2.00 355 ( 355 ) - 355 ( 311 ) 44 Total intangible assets $ 52,793 $ ( 30,004 ) $ 22,789 $ 54,115 $ ( 26,658 ) $ 27,457 Intangible assets subject to amortization were recorded as part of the Company’s business acquisitions. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $ 3,470 and $ 6,341 , respectively, of which amortization expense for developed technology of $ 0 and $ 2,450 , respectively, is included in cost of revenue on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. F- 31 Impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $ 1,198 was recorded as a result of the disposition of Fexy Studios intangible assets, including the advertiser relationships of $ 608 and brand names of $ 590 , on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. No impairment charges from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was recorded for intangible assets. Estimated total amortization expense for the next five years and thereafter related to the Company’s intangible assets subject to amortization as of December 31, 2024 is as follows: Schedule of Future Estimated Amortization expense For Intangible Assets Years Ending December 31, 2025 $ 3,328 2026 3,115 2027 3,115 2028 2,865 2029 2,626 Thereafter 7,740 Intangible assets ,net $ 22,789 10. Other Long-Term Assets Other assets are summarized as follows: Summary of Other Assets 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Security deposit $ 109 $ 420 Other receivables - 90 Prepaid insurance 42 284 Unamortized debt cost - 209 Total other assets $ 151 $ 1,003 11. Goodwill The changes in carrying value of goodwill are as follows: Schedule of Changes in Carrying Value of Goodwill 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Carrying value at beginning of year $ 42,575 $ 39,344 Goodwill acquired in acquisition of Parade - - Goodwill acquired in acquisition of Men’s Journal - 1,246 Goodwill acquired in acquisition of Fexy Studios - 1,985 Carrying value at end of year $ 42,575 $ 42,575 The Company performs an annual goodwill impairment test, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. Resulting from a change in reportable segments (see Note 26) the Company reassessed its goodwill reporting unit level and determined its goodwill reporting units had changed and goodwill was assigned to the new goodwill reporting units based on the relative fair value of each reporting unit. The goodwill impairment test was conducted at the reporting unit level, which now consists of four reporting units: Sports, Finance, Lifestyle, and Platform. The Company bypassed the qualitative test known as Step Zero and proceeded directly to the quantitative impairment test allowable under ASC 350. The fair value of each reporting unit was estimated using a combination of the income and market approaches. The income approach utilized a discounted cash flow analysis, incorporating management’s projections of revenue growth, operating margins, and discount rates that reflect the risk-adjusted cost of capital. The market approach considered valuation multiples derived from comparable publicly traded companies. Based on the results of the quantitative impairment test, the fair values of all four reporting units exceeded their respective carrying amounts. Accordingly, no goodwill impairment was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. F- 32 12. Accrued Expenses and Other Accrued expenses and other are summarized as follows: Schedule of Accrued Expenses 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 General accrued expenses $ 2,140 $ 5,551 Accrued payroll and related taxes 3,805 4,515 Accrued publisher expenses 4,066 7,596 Accrued interest - 3,824 Liabilities in connection with acquisitions and dispositions 30 1,119 Assumed lease liability 390 1,328 Lease termination liability - 4,481 Other accrued expenses 559 489 Total accrued expenses and other $ 10,990 $ 28,903 13. Line of Credit Line of Credit – In connection with the Arena Notes Default (as further described below in Note 25) there was a cross-default under the SLR Digital Finance LLC (“SLR” and the “SLR Default”) financing and security agreement for a line of credit (the “Line of Credit”), where the Line of Credit, as amended, was terminated. In connection with the termination, the Company paid SLR $ 3,448 with the proceeds from the Simplify Loan as described in Note 17, representing the amount due on the outstanding loan balance, accrued interest, certain fees and contingency reserves other fees in connection with the termination. In connection with the SLR Default, SLR no longer provided funding under the Line of Credit while paying down the Line of Credit with payments received from the Company’s customers in accordance with the terms of the agreement. As of December 31, 2023, in connection with the SLR Default, the Company recorded a $ 900 termination fee representing 2.25 % of the maximum line amount, and the current portion of the unamortized debt costs of $ 209 was reflected in prepayment and other current assets and the noncurrent portion of $ 209 was reflected in other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance under the Line of Credit was $ 0 and $ 19,609 , respectively. The Company has refinanced the Line of Credit with a new credit facility with Simplify, as further described in Note 17. Information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, with respect to interest expense related to the Line of Credit is provided under the heading Interest Expense in Note 18. F- 33 14. Liquidated Damages Payable Liquidated damages were recorded as a result of the Registration Rights Damages and the Public Information Failure Damages. Obligations with respect to the liquidated damages payable are summarized as follows: Summary of Liquidated Damages As of December 31, 2024 Registration Rights Damages Public Information Failure Damages Accrued Interest Balance MDB common stock to be issued (1) $ 15 $ - $ - $ 15 Series H convertible preferred stock 566 574 796 1,936 Convertible debentures (2) - 144 89 233 Series J convertible preferred stock (2) 152 152 165 469 Series K convertible preferred stock (2) 166 70 341 577 Total $ 899 $ 940 $ 1,391 $ 3,230 (1) Shares of common stock issuable to MDB Capital Group, LLC (“MDB”) (see Common Stock to be Issued in Note 20). (2) Represents previously issued and converted debt or equity securities. As of December 31, 2023 Registration Rights Damages Public Information Failure Damages Accrued Interest Balance MDB common stock to be issued (1) $ 15 $ - $ - $ 15 Series H Preferred Stock 565 574 659 1,798 Convertible debentures (2) - 144 72 216 Series J convertible preferred stock (2) 152 152 129 433 Series K convertible preferred stock (2) 166 70 226 462 Total $ 898 $ 940 $ 1,086 $ 2,924 (1) Shares of common stock issuable to MDB. (2) Represents previously issued and converted debt or equity securities. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the short-term liquidated damages payable were $ 3,230 and $ 2,924 , respectively. The Company will continue to accrue interest on the liquidated damages balance at 1.0 % per month based on the balance outstanding as of December 31, 2024, or $ 3,230 , until paid. There is no scheduled date when the unpaid liquidated damages become due. The Series K convertible preferred stock remains subject to Registration Rights Damages and Public Information Failure Damages, which will accrue in certain circumstances, limited to 6 % of the aggregate amount invested. On December 1, 2023, the Company entered into a waiver of liquidated damages and release of claims, where B. Riley, a principal stockholder at the time, relinquished any claims to liquidated damages and accrued interest thereon amounting to $ 3,497 , which resulted in a gain on forgiveness of debt. Given this transaction was with a related party and in connection with other contemporaneous transactions with another principal stockholder, Simplify (further described in Note 25), the gain of $ 3,497 was recorded within additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statement of stockholders’ deficiency. On February 8, 2023, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with an investor, where the Company was liable for liquidated damages, pursuant to which the Company issued 47,252 shares of its common stock, in satisfaction of the liquidated damages, at a price equal to $ 10.56 per share (determined based on the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s common stock at the close of trading on the sixty (60) previous trading days), to the investor in lieu of an aggregate of $ 499 owed in liquidated damages as of the conversion date. The Company prepared and filed a registration statement covering the resale of these shares of the Company’s common stock issued in lieu of payment of these liquidated damages in cash. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $ 499 in connection with the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency (further details are provided under the heading Common Stock for Liquidated Damages in Note 20). F- 34 Information with respect to the liquidated damages recognized on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss is provided in Note 22. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded liquidated damages of $ 306 and $ 583 (including accrued interest of $ 306 and $ 583 ), respectively. 15. Other Long-Term Liabilities As of December 31, 2023, other long-term liabilities consisted of $ 350 for an assumed lease liability and $ 56 of other. There were no long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2024. 16. Fair Value Measurement The Company’s financial instruments consist of level 1, Level 2 and level 3 assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents of $ 4,362 and $ 9,284 , respectively, were Level 1 assets and included savings deposits, overnight investments, and other liquid funds with financial institutions. The Company accounted for certain common stock issued in connection with the acquisition of Fexy Studios that was subject to a put option (which provided for a cash payment to the sellers on the first anniversary date of the closing (or January 11, 2024) in the event the common stock trading price on such date was less than the common stock trading price on the day immediately preceding the acquisition date, or $ 8.10 per share), as a derivative liability, which required the Company to carry such amounts on its consolidated balance sheets as a liability at fair value, as adjusted at each reporting period-end. Fexy Put Option – The Company accounted for certain common stock issued in connection with the Fexy Studios acquisition that was subject to a put option (the “Fexy Put Option”), which provides for a cash payment to the sellers on the first anniversary date of the closing (on January 11, 2024) in the event the common stock trading price on such date was less than the common stock trading price on the day immediately preceding the acquisition date of $ 8.10 per share, as a derivative liability, which required the Company to carry such amounts on the consolidated balance sheets as a liability at fair value, as adjusted at each reporting period-end. On February 15, 2024, in connection with the contingent consideration related to the acquisition of Fexy Studios, the Company agreed to pay the amount due of $ 2,478 in four (4) equal installments of approximately $ 620 starting February 16, 2024 (paid $ 620 in February 2024) and then on the 15th day of March (paid $ 620 in March 2024), April (paid $ 620 in April 2024) and May (paid $ 620 in May 2024) of 2024 comprised of the following: (i) $2,225 pursuant to the Fexy Put Option where the Company gave the recipients of the contingent consideration a right to put their 274,692 shares of the Company’s common stock; (ii) $200 deferred payment due under the purchase agreement; and (iii) $53 in other costs and reimbursable transition expenses payable. During the nine months ended December 31, 2024, the Company paid the Fexy Put Option and recorded the repurchase of 274,692 shares of the Company’s common stock issued in connection with the acquisition, resulting in a loss of $ 379 as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. The Company’s Term Debt (as described below), carried at amortized cost, with a carrying value of $ 110,436 and $ 102,309 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, its Simplify Loan (as described below) carried at amortized cost, has a carrying value of $ 10,651 as of December 31, 2024, and its Bridge Notes, carried at amortized cost, has a carrying value of $ 7,887 as of December 31, 2023. F- 35 Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following December 31, 2023: Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair Value Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Contingent consideration $ 1,571 $ - $ 1,571 $ - Contingent Consideration – The fair value of the contingent consideration was primarily dependent on the common stock trading price on the first anniversary of the closing of the Fexy Studios acquisition, or January 11, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value was calculated based on the $ 8.10 put option amount based on the exercise price of the Company’s common stock at the acquisition date, less the $ 2.38 the Company’s common stock trading price as of the reporting date, or $ 5.72 per share, multiplied by the number of shares subject to the put option of 274,692 , which approximated the value if the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was used given the proximity date of the put option. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the loss in change in valuation of the contingent consideration of $ 313 and $ 1,010 , respectively, was recognized in other expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. 17. Simplify Loan On August 19, 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated promissory note (the “Amended Promissory Note”), in connection with the amendment to the March 13, 2024 working capital loan agreement with Simplify, a related party as further described in Note 24 (the “Simplify Loan”), pursuant to which the Company has available up to $ 50,000 (originally $ 25,000 ) at ten percent ( 10.0 %) interest rate per annum (the “Applicable Interest Rate”), payable monthly in arrears with a maturity on December 1, 2026 (originally March 13, 2026). The Simplify Loan is secured by certain assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, which are also guarantors of the obligations. In connection with the Amended Promissory Note, on August 19, 2024, the Company and Simplify also entered into a common stock purchase agreement (the “Common Stock Purchase Agreement”), whereby $ 15,000 of outstanding indebtedness under the Simplify Loan was exchanged for shares of the Company’s common stock, as further described under the heading Common Stock Purchase Agreement and Simplify Loan Exchange for Common Stock in Note 20. In the event of a default, including but not limited to the failure to pay any amounts when due, the interest will accrue at the Applicable Interest Rate plus five percent ( 5.0 %) and the Simplify Loan will be payable upon demand by Simplify. As of December 31, 2024, the balance outstanding on the Simplify Loan was $ 10,651 . In connection with the closing of the Simplify Loan, the Company borrowed $ 3,448 to repay the outstanding loan balance, accrued interest, certain fees and contingency reserves under the Line of Credit. Information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, with respect to interest expense related to the Simplify Loan is provided under the heading Interest Expense in Note 18. 18. Term Debt Pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement, as amended from time-to time, leading to the Third Amended and Restated Note Purchase Agreement dated December 15, 2022 (the “Third Amended and Restated Notes”) (as further described under the heading Former Principal Stockholder in Note 24), as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has notes outstanding referred to as the senior secured notes (the “Senior Secured Notes”), the delayed draw term notes (the “Delayed Draw Term Notes”), the 2022 bridge notes (the “2022 Bridge Notes”) and the 2023 notes (the “2023 Notes”), as further described below and collectively referred to as the “Term Debt”. F- 36 Senior Secured Notes The terms of the Senior Secured Notes provide for: ● a provision for the Company to enter into Delayed Draw Term Notes (as described below); ● a provision where the Company added $ 13,852 to the principal balance of the notes for interest payable prior to January 1, 2022 as payable in-kind; ● a provision where the paid in-kind interest can be paid in shares of the Company’s common stock based upon the conversion rate specified in the Certificate of Designation for the Series K convertible preferred stock, subject to certain adjustments; ● an interest rate of 10.0 % per annum, subject to adjustment in the event of default, with a provision that within one (1) business day after receipt of cash proceeds from any issuance of equity interests, unless waived, the Company will prepay certain obligations in an amount equal to such cash proceeds, net of underwriting discounts and commissions; ● interest on the notes payable after February 15, 2022, at the agent’s sole discretion, either (a) in cash quarterly in arrears on the last day of each fiscal quarter or (b) by continuing to add such interest due on such payment dates to the principal amount of the notes; ● a maturity date of December 31, 2026 , subject to certain acceleration conditions; and ● the Company to enter into the 2022 Bridge Notes for $ 36,000 (as further described below). Delayed Draw Term Notes The terms of the Delayed Draw Term Notes provide for: ● an interest rate of 10.0 % per annum, subject to adjustment in the event of default; ● interest on the notes payable after February 15, 2022, at the agent’s sole discretion, either (a) in cash quarterly in arrears on the last day of each fiscal quarter or (b) by continuing to add such interest due on such payment dates to the principal amount of the notes; and ● a maturity date on December 31, 2026 , subject to certain acceleration terms. 2022 Bridge Notes The terms of the 2022 Bridge Notes provide for: ● an interest rate fixed at 10.0 % per annum (as amended from interest that was payable in cash at an interest rate of 12 % per annum quarterly; with interest rate increases of 1.5 % per annum on March 1, 2023, May 1, 2023, and July 1, 2023, pursuant to the First Amendment, (as further described below); ● a maturity date of December 31, 2026 , subject to certain mandatory prepayment requirements, including, but not limited to, a requirement that the Company apply the net proceeds from certain debt incurrences or equity offerings to repay the notes; and ● an election to prepay the notes, at any time, in whole or in part with no premium or penalty. F- 37 2023 Notes In connection with the Third Amended and Restated Notes (as further described under the heading Former Principal Stockholder in Note 24), on August 31, 2023 pursuant to Amendment No. 1 under the Third Amended and Restated Notes dated August 14, 2023, the Company issued $ 5,000 aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes (the “2023 Notes” and collectively the 2022 Bridge Notes and 2023 Notes are referred to as the “Bridge Notes”) The provisions of Amendment No. 1 also permit certain incremental borrowings in the amount up to $ 3,000 at the sole discretion of the purchaser (the “Incremental 2023 Notes”), subject to a minimum amount of $ 1,000 and other conditions. On September 29, 2023, the Company issued $ 1,000 aggregate principal amount of Incremental 2023 Notes. On November 27, 2023, the Company issued $ 2,000 aggregate principal amount of Incremental 2023 Notes. The terms of 2023 Notes provide for: ● an interest rate fixed at 10.0 % per annum; ● a maturity date of December 31, 2026; and ● an election to prepay the notes, at any time, at 100 % of the principal amount due with no premium or penalty. The following table summarizes the Term Debt: Schedule of Long Term Debt As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 Principal Balance Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Costs Carrying Value Principal Balance Unamortized Discount and Debt Issuance Costs Carrying Value Senior Secured Notes, effective interest rate of 10.1 % as of December 31, 2024, as amended $ 62,691 $ ( 181 ) $ 62,510 $ 62,691 $ ( 272 ) $ 62,419 Delayed Draw Term Notes, effective interest rate of 10.2 % as of December 31, 2024, as amended 4,000 ( 21 ) 3,979 4,000 ( 31 ) 3,969 2022 Bridge Notes, effective interest rate of 10.2 % as of December 31, 2024, as amended 36,000 ( 53 ) 35,947 36,000 ( 79 ) 35,921 2023 Notes, effective interest rate of 14.2 % as of December 31, 2024, as amended 8,000 - 8,000 - - - Total $ 110,691 $ ( 255 ) $ 110,436 $ 102,691 $ ( 382 ) $ 102,309 The 2023 Notes with a carrying value of $ 7,887 were reflected in current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. The debt issuance costs incurred, as amended based on certain debt modifications, are being amortized over the applicable term of the Term Debt. On December 29, 2023, the Company failed to make the interest payment due on the Term Debt resulting in an event of default with subsequent agreement to a forbearance period that was extended to September 30, 2024. On July 12, 2024, the Company entered into a third amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Notes dated as of December 15, 2022 (“Amendment No. 3”) which further deferred the accrued interest due date to December 31, 2024 (refer to the heading Principal Stockholder in Note 24). On November 6, 2024, the Company received a letter from Renew (as described in Note 24) confirming the Company was not then in default under the Term Debt (collectively all of the Term Debt is also referred to as “Loan Documents”) due to the cure of the default identified in the forbearance letter (as updated from time-to-time the “forbearance letter”), and all interest was paid as of December 31, 2024 (see Note 24). F- 38 As of December 31, 2024, the Term Debt principal maturity of $ 110,691 is due on December 31, 2026. Information for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 with respect to interest expense related to the Term Debt is provided below. Interest Expense The following table represents interest expense: Summary of Interest Expense 2024 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Amortization of debt costs: Line of credit $ 418 $ 214 Senior Secured Notes 91 632 Delayed Draw Term Notes 10 72 2022 Bridge Notes 26 1,216 2023 Notes 113 244 Total amortization of debt costs 658 2,378 Noncash and accrued interest: Senior Secured Notes - 1,602 Delayed Draw Term Notes - 102 2022 Bridge Notes - 920 2023 Notes - 173 Line of credit termination fee - 900 Other accrued interest - 127 Total noncash and accrued interest - 3,824 Cash paid interest: Line of credit 1,706 2,023 Simplify Loan 585 - Senior Secured Notes 6,373 4,754 Delayed Draw Term Notes 406 303 2022 Bridge Notes 3,660 3,763 2023 Notes 812 44 Other 471 1,214 Total cash paid interest ( 1 ) 14,013 12,101 Less interest income ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 338 ) Total interest expense $ 14,668 $ 17,965 (1) During the year ended of December 31, 2024, the Company paid cash interest of $ 3,824 that was accrued at December 31, 2023. (2) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded interest income of $ 338 related to the refunds received from the employee retention credits. 19. Preferred Stock The Company has the authority to issue 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $ 0.01 par value per share, consisting of authorized and/or outstanding shares as of December 31, 2024 as follows: ● 1,800 authorized shares designated as “Series G Convertible Preferred Stock”, of which 168 shares are outstanding. ● 23,000 authorized shares designated as “Series H Convertible Preferred Stock” (as further described below), of which no shares are outstanding. F- 39 Series G Preferred Stock On May 30, 2000, the Company sold 1,800 shares of its Series G convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series G Preferred Stock”), of which 1,631.504 were converted prior to November 2001 and 168.496 shares continue to be outstanding, at a stated value of $ 1,000 per share, convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, as adjusted for the stock split on February 8, 2022, and will be further adjusted in the event of another stock splits, stock dividends, combinations of shares and similar transactions subject to stock splits. The Series G Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock, at the option of the holder, subject to certain limitations. The Company may require holders to convert all (but not less than all) of the Series G Preferred Stock or buy out all outstanding shares of Series G Preferred Stock at the liquidation value of $ 168 . Holders of Series G Preferred Stock are not entitled to dividends and have no voting rights, unless required by law or with respect to certain matters relating to the Series G Preferred Stock. Upon a change in control, sale of or similar transaction, as defined in the Certificate of Designation for the Series G Preferred Stock, the holder of the Series G Preferred Stock has the option to deem such transaction as a liquidation and may redeem their 168.496 shares at the liquidation value of $ 1,000 per share, or an aggregate amount of $ 168 . The sale of all the assets of the Company on June 28, 2007 triggered the redemption option. As such redemption was not in the control of the Company, the Series G Preferred Stock has been accounted for as if it is redeemable preferred stock and is classified on the consolidated balance sheets as a mezzanine obligation between liabilities and stockholders’ deficiency. The holder of the Series G Preferred Stock still has the ability to exercise the redemption option. Series H Preferred Stock All of the then outstanding shares of Series H convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series H Preferred Stock”) automatically converted into shares of the Company’s common stock on the fifth anniversary date of the initial first closing of the Series H Preferred Stock, or on August 10, 2023, at the conversion price of $ 7.26 per share (the “automatic mandatory conversion”). Further details are provided under the heading Common Stock in Note 20. 20. Stockholders’ Deficiency Common Stock Common Stock Purchase Agreement – On August 19, 2024, in connection with the Amended Promissory Note, the Company and Simplify entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement, where $ 15,000 of outstanding indebtedness under the Simplify Loan was exchanged for 17,797,817 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of approximately $ 0.84 per share, based on a 60-day volume weighted-average price of the Company’s common stock, which approximated the trading price on August 19, 2024, as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. Further information is provided in Note 24. Common Stock Private Placement – On February 14, 2024, the Company entered into a subscription agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with Simplify, pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell and issue to Simplify in a private placement (the “Private Placement”) an aggregate of 5,555,555 shares (the “Private Placement Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, at a purchase price of $ 2.16 per share, a price equal to the 60-day volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock. The Private Placement closed on February 14, 2024 and the Company received proceeds from the Private Placement of $ 12,000 as reflected on the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. The proceeds were used for working capital and general corporate purposes. Further information is provided in Note 24. F- 40 Restricted Stock Units – The Company issued, in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units, 971,863 and 429,528 shares of the Company’s common stock (as described in Note 21) during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. Common Stock Withheld – The Company recorded the repurchase of vested restricted common stock of 330,982 shares for the payment for taxes of $ 534 , and 202,382 shares for the payment for taxes of $ 1,423 , during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. Common Stock for Series H Preferred Stock – During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded the issuance of 1,981,128 (of which 1,759,224 were issued in accordance with the automatic mandatory conversion) shares of common stock upon conversion of 14,356 (of which 12,748 were issued were issued in accordance with the automatic mandatory conversion) shares of Series H Preferred Stock, with a corresponding amount of $ 13,008 (representing 14,356 shares of Series H Preferred Stock at $ 1,000 stated par value per share, less issuance cost of $ 1,348 ), as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. Common Stock Registered Direct Offering – On March 31, 2023, the Company entered into common stock purchase agreements with certain purchasers, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 2,963,918 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a purchase price of $ 3.88 per share. The gross proceeds received were $ 11,500 and after deducting offering expenses of $ 356 , the Company received net proceeds of $ 11,144 , as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholder’s deficiency. No underwriter or placement agent participated in the registered direct offering. Further information is provided in Note 24. Common Stock for Acquisitions – During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded the issuance of 274,692 shares of the Company’s common stock, as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency pursuant to the Fexy Studios asset acquisition on January 11, 2023, with a fair value of $ 2,000 on the transaction closing date, as further described in Note 4. Common Stock for Liquidated Damages – During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into several stock purchase agreements with an investor where it was liable for liquidated damages, pursuant to which the Company issued 47,252 shares of its common stock to the investor in lieu of an aggregate of $499 owed in liquidated damages as of the conversion date, where the Company recorded $ 369 in connection with the issuance of shares of the Company’s common stock and a gain of $130 on the settlement of the liquidated damages, both as reflected in additional paid-in capital, totaling $499 , which was recorded as additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. Exercise of Stock Options – During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded the exercise of 795 common stock options for shares of the Company’s common stock for cash of $ 0 , as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. Common Stock to be Issued – During the year ended December 31, 2023, in connection with the Say Media merger on December 12, 2018, the Company issued 38,582 shares of the Company’s common stock, which were required to be issued as of January 1, 2022. Restricted Stock Awards Unless otherwise stated, the fair value of a restricted stock award is determined based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock on the date issued. The estimated fair value of these shares is being recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the award (see Note 21) . Common Stock to be Issued In connection with a closing of a private placement on January 4, 2018, MDB, as the placement agent, was entitled to receive 2,701 shares of the Company’s common stock (subject to liquidated damages, see Note 14), which have not been issued as of December 31, 2024, as reflected on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency as common stock to be issued (see Note 14). F- 41 Common Stock Warrants Warrants were issued to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with various financings, all of which have expired. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had outstanding warrants to purchase 39,774 shares of common stock, all of which are currently exercisable. These warrants were issued in connection with financing activities and have a weighted-average exercise price of $ 7.26 per share. The warrants are set to expire on October 20, 2025, resulting in a weighted-average remaining contractual life of approximately 0.80 years. There was no intrinsic value of exercisable but unexercised in-the-money financing warrants based on a fair market value of the Company’s common stock of $ 1.34 per share on December 31, 2024. AllHipHop Warrants – On October 26, 2020, the Company granted AllHipHop, LLC an aggregate of 5,682 warrants for shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price of $ 14.30 (the “AllHipHop Warrants”). The AllHipHop Warrants are exercisable for a period of five years, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, and may be exercised on a cashless basis. ABG Warrants – On June 14, 2019, the Company issued 999,540 warrants to acquire the Company’s common stock to ABG (the “ABG Warrants”) in connection with the Sports Illustrated Licensing Agreement, expiring in ten years . The warrants provided time-based vesting in equal monthly increments over a period of two years beginning on the one year anniversary of the date of issuance of the warrants, of which 399,816 are vested as of December 31, 2024 (the “Time-Based Warrants”). Further details are provided under the heading ABG Warrants in Note 21, and performance based vesting based on the achievement of certain performance goals for the licensed brands in calendar years 2020, 2021, 2022, or 2023 (the “Performance-Based Warrants”), of which 599,724 vested of December 31, 2024, further details are provided under the heading ABG Warrants in Note 23 and in Note 29. The warrants also provide that (1) under certain circumstances the Company may require ABG to exercise all (and not less than all) of the warrants, in which case all of the warrants will be vested; (2) all of the warrants automatically vest upon certain terminations of the Licensing Agreement by ABG or upon a change of control of the Company; and (3) ABG has the right to participate, on a pro-rata basis (including vested and unvested warrants, exercised or unexercised), in any future equity issuance of the Company (subject to customary exceptions). As of December 31, 2024, 399,816 Time-Based Warrants and 599,724 Performance-Based Warrants are vested (further details are provided under the heading ABG Warrants in Note 21). Information with respect to stock-based compensation cost and unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the ABG Warrants is provided in Note 21. Publisher Partner Warrants – On May 20, 2020, the Board approved a third publisher partner warrant program, which superseded the second publisher partner warrant program and authorized the Company to grant publisher partner warrants to purchase up to 90,910 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Publisher Partner Warrants”). The issuance of the Publisher Partner Warrants is administered by management and approved by the Board. New Publisher Partner Warrants – On November 2, 2022, the Board approved a warrant incentive program to grant warrants to certain publishers (the “New Publisher Partner Warrants”), that authorized the Company to grant New Publisher Partner Warrants to purchase up to 33,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. The New Publisher Partner Warrants will have the following terms: (i) one-third will become exercisable and vest on the one-year anniversary of the issuance; (ii) the remaining warrants will become exercisable and vest in a series of twenty-four (24) successive equal monthly installments following the first anniversary of the issuance; and (iii) a five-year term. The issuance of the New Publisher Partner Warrants is administered by management and approved by the Board. Information with respect to stock-based compensation cost and unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the New Publisher Partner Warrants is provided in Note 21. F- 42 21. Stock–Based Compensation The Company issued stock-based compensation awards under several plans as follows: ● 2016 Plan – On December 19, 2016, the Board adopted the 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) that allowed the Company to grant restricted stock awards and statutory and non-statutory common stock options to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock to employees, directors and consultants, with vesting variable vesting provisions consisting of time-based and performance-based. The Company is no longer issuing awards under the 2016 Plan. ● 2019 Plan – On April 4, 2019, the Board adopted the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) that allowed awards of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, unrestricted stock awards, and stock appreciation rights, with variable vesting provisions consisting of time-based, performance-based, or market-based. The Company is no longer issuing option awards under the 2019 Plan. ● Outside Options – The Company granted stock options outside the 2016 Plan and 2019 Plan (the “Outside Options”) that allowed the Company to grant statutory and non-statutory common stock options, with variable vesting provisions consisting time-based, performance-based targets and certain performance achievements. The Company is no longer issuing Outside Options. ● 2022 Plan – On April 18, 2022, the Board adopted the 2022 Stock and Equity Compensation Plan (the “2022 Plan”) that was approved by the Company’s stockholders on June 2, 2022 with a maximum number of shares authorized to be issued under the plan of 1,800,000 . The purpose of the 2022 Plan is to foster the growth and success of the Company by providing a means to attract, motivate and retain officers, directors, key employees, and consultants through awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, unrestricted stock awards and restricted stock units. Shares subject to an award that have been canceled, expired, settled in cash, or not issued or forfeited for any reason will not reduce the aggregate number of shares that may be subject to or delivered under the 2022 Plan and will be available for future awards granted under the 2022 Plan. Common stock options issued under the 2022 Plan may have a term of up to ten years and may have variable vesting provisions based on time and performance. The issuance of awards under the 2022 Plan is administered by the Board or any committee of directors designated by the Board. Restricted Stock Units During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company issued restricted stock units to various employees and members of the board subject to continued service. Upon vesting of the award, subject to certain conditions for release of the award, the Company issues the underlying common stock of the Company. The fair value of a restricted stock unit was determined based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of the Company’s common stock on the date issued during the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023. A summary of the restricted stock unit activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity Number of Shares Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Unvested Vested Value Restricted stock units outstanding at January 1, 2024 199,267 612,871 $ 13.55 Granted 222,396 - 1.55 Vested ( 366,491 ) 366,491 4.11 Issuance of common stock for restricted stock units - ( 971,863 ) Cancelled ( 39,615 ) - 8.72 Restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2024 15,557 7,499 6.99 F- 43 On February 28, 2023 and June 30, 2023, the Company modified certain restricted stock units as a result of the resignation of two senior executives, where 38,026 and 42,635 restricted stock units with time-based vesting that were unvested were vested, respectively, subject to certain provisions, resulting in no incremental cost. The aggregate grant date fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the year ended December 31, 2024 was $ 1,507 . The Company’s policy is to repurchase the number of shares of its common stock at the fair market value at the time of issuance of new shares of its common stock upon conversion of a restricted stock unit to cover the tax obligations. During the year ending December 31, 2025, the Company expects to repurchase approximately 6,000 shares of its common stock to cover the tax obligations upon the conversion of restricted stock units that are expected to vest and be released during the period. The total intrinsic value of shares of the Company’s common stock issued for restricted stock units that were released during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $ 454 and $ 2,955 , respectively. Common Stock Options During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company issued common stock options under the 2022 Plan, consisting of primarily of incentive stock options with a term of up to ten years with time-based vesting provisions over three years. The fair value of common stock option awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was calculated using a Black-Scholes options-pricing model for the time-based awards under the Up-list Scenario, after the Company’s common stock was listed on the NYSE American. The assumptions utilized are as follows: Schedule of Fair Value of Stock Options Assumptions Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Up-list Up-list Risk-free interest rate 3.85 % - 3.98 % 3.46 % - 4.82 % Expected dividend yield 0.00 % 0.00 % Expected volatility 47.32 % - 47.35 % 46.43 % - 47.27 % Expected life 6 years 6 years F- 44 A summary of the common stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: Summary of Stock Option Activity Weighted Average Weighted Remaining Number Average Contractual of Exercise Life Shares Price (in Years) Common stock options outstanding at January 1, 2024 5,451,968 $ 9.56 4.43 Granted 22,843 0.35 Forfeited ( 401,489 ) 7.58 Expired ( 2,129,646 ) 9.20 Common stock options outstanding at December 31, 2024 2,943,676 10.03 2.98 Common stock options exercisable at December 31, 2024 2,265,249 10.06 3.72 Common stock options not vested at December 31, 2024 678,427 Common stock options available for future grants at December 31, 2024 (1) 1,338,225 (1) Common stock available for future issuance under the 2022 Plan represent 1,800,000 of authorized shares; less 422,052 common stock options outstanding and 19,723 restricted stock units outstanding. The aggregate grant date fair value of common stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $ 4 and $ 610 , respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of common stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $ 0.18 and $ 2.21 , respectively. The total intrinsic value of common stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $ 0 and $ 10 , respectively. The total fair value of common stock options vested during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $ 2,412 and $ 10,155 , respectively. The unvested common stock options for which the vesting is expected based on achievement of a performance condition as of December 31, 2024 were 583,143 with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 4.28 years. The Company’s policy is to repurchase the number of shares of its common stock at the fair market value at the time of issuance of its common stock upon exercise of common stock options to cover the tax obligations and any cashless exercise. As of December 31, 2024, there was no intrinsic value of exercisable, in-the-money common stock option awards and no aggregate intrinsic value of all outstanding, in-the-money options, including both exercisable and unvested options, based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock trading price at December 31, 2024 of $ 1.34 per share. F- 45 Modification of Awards – On February 28, 2023, the Company modified certain equity awards as a result of the resignation of a senior executive employee where 38,026 restricted stock units with time-based vesting that were unvested were vested and 21,117 options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock with time-based vesting that were unvested were vested, each subject to compliance with applicable securities laws and certain other provisions. In connection with the modification of these equity awards, the Company agreed to purchase a total of 45,632 options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock (including previously vested options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock of 24,515 ) as of the resignation date of the employee at a price of $ 10.29 per share, reduced by the exercise price and required tax withholdings, subject to certain conditions. The modification of the equity awards resulted in the unamortized costs being recognized at the modification date. The cash price of $ 10.29 per option less the strike price of $ 8.82 per option resulted in incremental cost of $ 68 being recognized at the modification date. The modification resulted in liability classification of the equity awards, with $ 68 paid during the year ended December 31, 2024. On June 30, 2023, the Company modified certain equity awards upon the resignation of a senior executive employee pursuant to which unvested restricted stock units for 42,635 shares of the Company’s common stock vested, and unvested options for 29,701 shares of the Company’s common stock vested with the exercise period extended for the 10 -year contractual term of the options from the grant date of the award. In connection with the termination, the unamortized costs of the awards of $ 773 was recognized at the termination date and $ 284 of incremental cost was recognized as a result of the option award modification upon termination of the senior executive. On November 2, 2023, the Company modified options of former a senior executive officer for 450,560 shares of the Company’s common stock, pursuant to which the exercise period would be extended for the 10 -year contractual term from the grant date of the award subject to continued employment through the closing date of the Business Combination (see Note 24) (the “conditions”). Incremental costs in connection with the modification was $ 380 , of which no cost was recognized at the modification date since the conditions were not satisfied and the employment of the officer was terminated. ABG Warrants In connection with the Licensing Agreement and issuance of the ABG Warrants to purchase up to 999,540 shares of the Company’s common stock, the Company recorded the issuance of the warrants as stock-based compensation with the fair value of the warrants measured at the time of issuance and expensed over the requisite service period. A summary of the ABG Warrant activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: Schedule of Warrants Activity Number of Shares Weighted Average Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life Unvested Vested Exercise Price (in years) ABG Warrants outstanding at January 1, 2024 599,724 399,816 $ 11.55 5.46 Vested ( 599,724 ) 599,724 - - ABG Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2024 - 999,540 11.55 4.45 There was no intrinsic value of exercisable but unexercised in-the-money ABG Warrants as of December 31, 2024 based on a fair market value of the Company’s common stock of $ 1.34 per share on December 31, 2024. Information on the acceleration of the vesting of the ABG Warrants is provided in Note 27. F- 46 Publisher Partner Warrants Publisher Partner Warrants – Publisher Partner Warrants outstanding as of January 1, 2023, totaling 4,154 , expired during the year ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there are no Publisher Partner Warrants outstanding. A summary of the Publisher Partner Warrants activity during the year ended December 31, 2024 is as follows: Schedule of Warrants Activity Weighted Average Weighted Remaining Number Average Contractual of Exercise Life Shares Price (in Years) Publisher Partner Warrants outstanding at January 1, 2024 9,800 $ 6.91 4.15 Granted - 6.91 3.15 Publisher Partner Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2024 9,800 7.11 3.14 Publisher Partner Warrants exercisable at December 31, 2024 6,062 Publisher Partner Warrants not vested at December 31, 2024 3,738 Publisher Partner Warrants available for future grants at December 31, 2024 23,200 There was no intrinsic value of exercisable but unexercised in-the-money Publisher Partner Warrants since the fair market value of $ 1.34 per share of the Company’s common stock was lower than the exercise prices on December 31, 2024. Stock-Based Compensation Stock–based compensation and equity-based expense charged to operations or capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows: Summary of Stock-based Compensation Year Ended December 31, 2024 Restricted Stock Equity Plans Warrants Totals Cost of revenue $ 119 $ 745 $ 13 $ 877 Selling and marketing 20 187 - 207 General and administrative 909 432 - 1,341 Total costs charged to operations 1,048 1,364 13 2,425 Capitalized platform development - 259 - 259 Total stock-based compensation $ 1,048 $ 1,623 $ 13 $ 2,684 F- 47 Year Ended December 31, 2023 Restricted Stock Equity Plans Warrants Totals Cost of revenue $ 2,092 $ 2,136 $ 10 $ 4,238 Selling and marketing 257 961 - 1,218 General and administrative 6,372 3,454 1,010 10,836 Total costs charged to operations 8,721 6,551 1,020 16,292 Capitalized platform development - 1,016 - 1,016 Total stock-based compensation $ 8,721 $ 7,567 $ 1,020 $ 17,308 Unrecognized compensation expense related to the stock-based compensation awards and equity-based awards as of December 31, 2024 was as follows: Schedule of Unrecognized Compensation Expense As of December 31, 2024 Restricted Stock Equity Plans ABG Warrants Totals Unrecognized compensation expense $ 451 $ 1,015 $ 19 $ 1,485 Weighted average period expected to be recognized (in years) 0.93 1.02 1.52 1.00 22. Income Taxes The components of the (provision) benefit for income taxes consist of the following: Schedule of Income Taxes 2024 2023 Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Current tax (provision) benefit: Federal $ - $ - State and local ( 46 ) ( 63 ) Total current tax (provision) benefit ( 46 ) ( 63 ) Deferred tax (provision) benefit: Federal ( 55 ) ( 57 ) State and local ( 148 ) ( 77 ) Total deferred tax (provision) benefit ( 203 ) ( 134 ) Total income tax (provision) benefit $ ( 249 ) $ ( 197 ) F- 48 The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows: Schedule of Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities 2024 2023 As of December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 57,207 $ 52,353 Interest limitation carryforward 14,289 10,028 Tax credit carryforwards 264 264 Allowance for credit losses 1,070 388 Accrued expenses and other 999 891 Termination fee liability 13,743 - Lease termination - 1,017 Liquidated damages 911 794 Unearned revenue 12,626 5,148 Stock-based compensation 4,964 7,229 Operating lease liability - 58 Depreciation and amortization - 4,146 Deferred tax assets 106,073 82,316 Valuation allowance ( 103,606 ) ( 76,367 ) Total deferred tax assets 2,467 5,949 Deferred tax liabilities: Acquired and other intangible assets ( 2,729 ) ( 6,548 ) Depreciation and amortization ( 518 ) - Operating lease liability ( 22 ) - Total deferred tax liabilities ( 3,269 ) ( 6,548 ) Net deferred tax liabilities $ ( 802 ) $ ( 599 ) The Company must make judgements as to the realization of deferred tax assets that are dependent upon a variety of factors, including the generation of future taxable income, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities, and tax planning strategies. To the extent that the Company believes that recovery is not likely, it must establish a valuation allowance. A valuation allowance has been established for deferred tax assets which the Company does not believe meet the “more likely than not” criteria. The Company’s judgments regarding future taxable income may change due to changes in market conditions, changes in tax laws, tax planning strategies or other factors. If the Company’s assumptions and consequently its estimates change in the future, the valuation allowances it has established may be increased or decreased, resulting in a respective increase or decrease in income tax expense. Based upon the Company’s historical operating losses and the uncertainty of future taxable income, the Company has provided a valuation allowance primarily against its deferred tax assets up to the deferred tax liabilities, except for deferred tax liabilities on indefinite lived intangible assets, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. F- 49 As of December 31, 2024, the Company had federal, state, and local net operating loss carryforwards available of $ 210,633 , $ 161,471 and $ 59,138 respectively, to offset future taxable income. Net operating losses for U.S. federal tax purposes of $ 184,730 do not expire (limited to 80% of taxable income in a given year) and $ 25,903 will expire, if not utilized, through 2037 in various amounts. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had federal, state, and local net operating loss carryforwards available of $ 193,801 , $ 145,968 and $ 53,002 , respectively, to offset future taxable income. Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes restrictions on the use of a corporation’s net operating losses, as well as certain recognized built-in losses and other carryforwards, after an ownership change occurs. A section 382 ownership change occurs if one or more stockholders or groups of stockholders who own at least 5% of the Company’s common stock increase their ownership by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. Future issuances or sales of the Company’s common stock (including certain transactions involving the Company’s common stock that are outside of the Company’s control) could also result in an ownership change under section 382. If an ownership change occurs, Section 382 would impose an annual limit on the amount of pre-change net operating losses and other losses the Company can use to reduce its taxable income generally equal to the product of the total value of the Company’s outstanding equity immediately prior to the ownership change (subject to certain adjustments) and the long-term tax exempt interest rate for the month of the ownership change. The Company believes that it did have a change in control under these sections in connection with its recapitalization on November 4, 2016 and utilization of the carryforwards would be limited such that the majority of the carryforwards will never be available. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded those net operating loss carryforwards and credit carryforwards in its deferred tax assets. The Company completed a section 382 analysis as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024 and concluded it experienced an ownership change as a result of certain equity transactions during the rolling three-year period of 2022 to 2024. The Company concluded that its federal net operating loss carryforwards, including any net operating loss carryforwards as a result of the mergers during 2018 and 2019, resulted in annual limitations on the overall net operating loss carryforward and that an ownership change, if any, would impose an annual limit on the net operating loss carryforwards and could cause federal income taxes (similar provisions apply for state and local income taxes) to be paid earlier than otherwise would be paid if such limitations were not in effect. The federal, state, and local net operating loss carryforwards are stated net of any such anticipated limitations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The provision (benefit) for income taxes on the statements of operations and comprehensive loss differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to loss before the benefit for income taxes, as follows: Schedule of Tax Benefit and Effective Income Tax Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Amount Percent Amount Percent Federal benefit expected at statutory rate $ ( 1,558 ) 21.0 % $ ( 7,774 ) 21.0 % State and local taxes, net of federal benefit ( 569 ) 7.7 % ( 1,714 ) 4.6 % Stock-based compensation 2,284 - 30.8 % 3,472 - 9.4 % Unearned revenue ( 407 ) 5.5 % ( 562 ) 1.5 % Interest expense 36 - 0.5 % 62 - 0.2 % Lease termination ( 407 ) 5.5 % ( 294 ) 0.8 % Other differences, net 198 - 2.7 % 735 - 1.9 % Valuation allowance 672 - 9.1 % 6,272 - 16.9 % Income tax provision (benefit) and effective income tax rate $ 249 - 3.4 % $ 197 - 0.5 % The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company is also required to assess at each reporting date whether it is reasonably possible that any significant increases or decreases to its unrecognized tax benefits will occur during the next 12 months. F- 50 The Company did not recognize any uncertain tax position, or any accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company files tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and New York, California, and other states. The Company is generally subject to examination by income tax authorities for three years from the filing of a tax return, therefore, the federal and certain state returns from 2018 forward and the California returns from 2017 forward are subject to examination. The Company currently is under examination by a state tax authority. 23. Employee Benefit Plans The Company has a qualified 401(k) defined contribution plan that allows eligible employees of the Company to participate in the plan, subject to limitations. The plan allows for discretionary matching contributions by the Company, up to 4% of eligible annual compensation made by participants of the plan. The Company contributions to the plan were $ 1,295 and $ 2,125 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 24. Related Party Transactions Principal Stockholders Loan Documents – On January 5, 2024, as part of negotiations with Renew Group Private Limited (“Renew”), an affiliated entity of Simplify Inventions, LLC (“Simplify”), in connection with the Company’s failure on December 29, 2023 to make the interest payment due on the Loan Documents, dated December 15, 2022 held by Renew in the amount of $ 2,797 , that resulted in an event of default under the Loan Documents, Renew agreed in writing to a forbearance period t