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This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.
−Removed: Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these “forward-looking statements” as a result of various factors including the risks we discuss in Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere herein.
+Added: Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these “forward-looking statements” as a result of various factors including the risks we discuss in Item 1A.
+Added: "Risk Factors," and elsewhere herein.
For additional information, refer to the section above entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
−Removed: We are focused on acquiring and managing companies across industries – including but not limited to the industrial, energy, technology, and healthcare verticals.
+Added: We are a disciplined value-oriented acquirer and operator of businesses across public and private markets and industries including, but not limited to, the industrial, energy and technology sectors.
+Added: We acquire businesses with a view towards strong free cash flow generation and an ability to scale, and look to identify opportunities where we can tap into our deep industry relationships, significant capital base, and transaction expertise to materially improve performance.
+Added: Our strategy centers around quality sourcing, execution, and improvement.
+Added: We find unique situations, bring a flexible and creative approach to transacting, and rely on our relationships and expertise to drive continual improvement in operating performance.
+Added: We approach transactions as business owners and operators rather than purely as financial investors, and we believe this is our core differentiator for creating long-term value for shareholders and partners.
+Added: We define value through free cash flow generation, book value appreciation, and stock price growth.
+Added: These are the pillars of the Acacia story.
+Added: Acacia creates value by building relationships and providing transaction expertise to create acquisition opportunities where we can meaningfully improve performance.
We focus on identifying, pursuing and acquiring businesses where we are uniquely positioned to deploy our differentiated strategy, people and processes to generate and compound shareholder value.
−Removed: We have a wide range of transactional and operational capabilities to realize the intrinsic value in the businesses that we acquire.
+Added: We have a wide range of transactional and operational capabilities to realize the intrinsic value of the businesses that we acquire.
Our ideal transactions include the acquisition of public or private companies, the acquisition of divisions of other companies, or structured transactions that can result in the recapitalization or restructuring of the ownership of a business to enhance value.
−Removed: We are particularly attracted to complex situations where we believe value is not fully recognized, the value of certain operations are masked by a diversified business mix, or where private ownership has not invested the capital and/or resources necessary to support long-term value.
+Added: We are particularly attracted to complex situations where we believe value is not fully recognized, the value of certain operations is masked by a diversified business mix, or where private ownership has not invested the capital and/or resources necessary to support long-term value.
Through our public market activities, we aim to initiate strategic block positions in public companies as a path to complete whole company acquisitions or strategic transactions that unlock value.
−Removed: We believe this business model is differentiated from private equity funds, which do not typically own public securities prior to acquiring companies, hedge funds, which do not typically acquire entire businesses, and other acquisition vehicles such Special Purpose Acquisition Companies, which are narrowly focused on completing one singular, defining acquisition.
−Removed: Our focus is companies with market values in the sub-$2 billion range and particularly on businesses valued at $1billion or less.
−Removed: We are, however, opportunistic, and may pursue acquisitions that are larger under the right circumstance.
+Added: We believe this business model is differentiated from private equity funds, which do not typically own public securities prior to acquiring companies, hedge funds, which do not typically acquire entire businesses, and other acquisition vehicles such as special purpose acquisition companies, which are narrowly focused on completing one singular, defining acquisition.
+Added: Our focus is companies with a total enterprise value of $1 billion or less.
+Added: However, we may pursue larger acquisitions under the right circumstances.
+Added: Broadly speaking, our potential acquisition targets are founder-owned or privately controlled businesses, entire public companies or carve-outs of specific segments, which show a path to consistent profitability, free cash flow generation and higher risk-adjusted return expectations.
+Added: We buy businesses to create platforms.
+Added: The Company remains focused on acquiring and building businesses that have stable cash flow generation with an ability to scale, while retaining the flexibility to make opportunistic acquisitions with high risk-adjusted return characteristics.
+Added: Acacia then has optionality to grow and reinvest free cash flow or look to monetize and build new platforms.
We believe the Company has the potential to develop advantaged opportunities due to its:
+Added: • experienced management team, which has spearheaded robust book value per share growth, with compensation tied to this metric to ensure alignment with shareholders;
• disciplined focus on identifying opportunities where the Company can be an advantaged buyer, initiate a transaction opportunity spontaneously, avoid a traditional sale process and complete the purchase of a business, division or other asset at an attractive price;
+Added: • deep and experienced operating executive network which supports sourcing and evaluation of acquisition opportunities;
+Added: • significant resources and the flexibility to take advantage of uncertain environments and dislocated situations;
• willingness to invest across industries and in off-the-run, often misunderstood assets that suffer from a complexity discount;
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• strong expertise in corporate governance and operational transformation.
+Added: We regularly evaluate opportunities to acquire new businesses, where our research, execution and operating partners can drive attractive earnings and book value per share growth.
Our long-term focus positions our businesses to navigate economic cycles and allows sellers and other counterparties to have confidence that a transaction is not dependent on achieving the types of performance hurdles demanded by private equity sponsors.
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Relationship with Starboard Value, LP
−Removed: Our strategic relationship with Starboard provides us access to industry expertise, and operating partners and industry experts to evaluate potential acquisition opportunities and enhance the oversight and value creation of such businesses once acquired.
+Added: Our strategic relationship with Starboard enhances our access to operating partners and industry experts with whom we evaluate potential acquisition opportunities, which enhances the oversight and value creation of our businesses.
Starboard has provided, and we expect will continue to provide, ready access to its extensive network of industry executives and, as part of our relationship, Starboard has assisted, and we expect will continue to assist, with sourcing and evaluating appropriate acquisition opportunities.
Intellectual Property Operations
−Removed: The Company through its Patent Licensing, Enforcement and Technologies Business invests in IP and related absolute return assets and engage in the licensing and enforcement of patented technologies.
+Added: The Company through its Patent Licensing, Enforcement and Technologies Business invests in IP and engages in the licensing and enforcement of patented technologies.
Through our Patent Licensing, Enforcement and Technologies Business, operated under our wholly owned subsidiary, Acacia Research Group, LLC, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “ ARG ” ), we are a principal in the licensing and enforcement of patent portfolios, with our operating subsidiaries obtaining the rights in the patent portfolio or purchasing the patent portfolio outright.
−Removed: While we, from time to time, partner with inventors and patent owners, from small entities to large corporations, we assume all responsibility for advancing operational expenses while pursuing a patent licensing and enforcement program, and when applicable, share net licensing revenue with our patent partners as that program matures, on a pre-arranged and negotiated basis.
+Added: On a consolidated basis, we currently own or control the rights to multiple patent portfolios, including U.S.
+Added: patents and certain foreign counterparts, which cover technologies used in a variety of industries.
+Added: We generate revenues and related cash flows from the granting of IP rights for the use of patented technologies that our operating subsidiaries control or own.
+Added: While we partner from time to time with inventors and patent owners, ranging in size and including large corporations, we control and assume all responsibility in pursuing patent licensing and enforcement programs, and for the related operating expenses.
+Added: When applicable, share licensing revenue, net of costs, with our patent partners after we have achieved our agreed upon minimum return threshold.
We may also provide upfront capital to patent owners as an advance against future licensing revenue.
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patents and certain foreign counterparts, covering technologies used in a variety of industries.
−Removed: We generate revenues and related cash flows from the granting of IP rights for the use of patented technologies that our operating subsidiaries control or own.
+Added: Our current active patent portfolios are:
+Added: our Atlas Technologies portfolio, which covers Wi-Fi 6 standard essential patents, our Unification Technologies portfolio, which covers flash memory technology;
+Added: our Monarch Networking Technologies portfolio, which covers IP networking technology;
+Added: our Stingray IP Solutions portfolio, which covers wireless networking;
+Added: and our R2 Solutions portfolio, which covers internet search, advertising and cloud computing technology.
We have established a proven track record of licensing and enforcement success with over 1,600 license agreements executed as of December 31, 2024, across nearly 200 patent portfolio licensing and enforcement programs.
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During the past five calendar years ending on December 31, 2024, we generated gross licensing revenue of approximately $234.0 million and returned approximately $91.2 million to our patent partners.
+Added: As attractive opportunities become available, we remain open to opportunistically deploying additional capital into the IP business in the future, consistent with our mission to maximize value for shareholders.
+Added: Our team is made up of well-respected leaders in the IP space, and intellectual property owners actively seek us out as a partner.
For more information related to our Intellectual Property Operations, refer to additional detailed patent business discussion below.
Industrial Operations
−Removed: In October 2021, we consummated our first operating company acquisition of Printronix.
+Added: In October 2021, we acquired Printronix Holding Corp.
+Added: (“Printronix”).
Printronix is a leading manufacturer and distributor of industrial impact printers, also known as line matrix printers, and related consumables and services.
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This acquisition was made at what we believe to be an attractive purchase price, and we are now supporting existing management in its initiative to reduce costs and operate more efficiently and in its execution of strategic partnerships to generate growth.
+Added: We are supporting Printronix as it transitions its business mix from lower-margin printer sales to higher-margin consumable products including ink cartridges and specialty ribbons.
+Added: Printronix’s dual hardware and consumables business model, combined with a streamlined operating structure, represents a steady source of cash flow for Acacia.
+Added: The Printronix team is focused on topline initiatives and reducing G&A, and we expect Printronix to continue to generate free cash flow on an annual basis.
For more information related to our Industrial Operations, refer to the section entitled “ Industrial Operations Business ” below.
Energy Operations
−Removed: In November 2023, we invested $10.0 million to acquire a 50.4% equity interest in Benchmark.
−Removed: Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Benchmark is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the acquisition, production and development of oil
−Removed: and gas assets in mature resource plays in Texas and Oklahoma.
−Removed: Benchmark is run by an experienced management team led by Chief Executive Officer Kirk Goehring, who previously served as Chief Operating Officer of both Benchmark and Jones Energy, Inc.
−Removed: Benchmark’s existing assets consist of over 13,000 net acres primarily located in Roberts and Hemphill Counties in Texas, and an interest in over 125 wells, the majority of which are operated.
−Removed: Acacia has made a control investment in Benchmark and intends to utilize its significant capital base to acquire predictable and shallow decline, cash-flowing oil and gas properties whose value can be enhanced via a disciplined, field optimization strategy, with risk managed through robust commodity hedges and low leverage.
+Added: In November 2023, we acquired a 50.4% equity interest in Benchmark.
+Added: Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Benchmark is an independent oil and gas company that acquires, produces and develops oil and gas assets in Texas and Oklahoma.
+Added: Benchmark is run by an experienced management team led by Chief Executive Officer Kirk Goehring.
+Added: Prior to Benchmark’s acquisition of additional assets in April 2024, Benchmark’s assets consisted of over 13,000 net acres primarily located in Roberts and Hemphill Counties in Texas, and an interest in over 125 wells, the majority of which are operated.
+Added: Acacia made a control investment in Benchmark and intends to utilize its significant capital base to acquire predictable and shallow decline, cash-flowing oil and gas properties whose value can be enhanced via a disciplined, field optimization strategy, with risk managed through robust commodity hedges and low leverage.
Through its investment in Benchmark, the Company, along with the Benchmark management team, will evaluate future growth and acquisitions of oil and gas assets at attractive valuations.
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Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information.
−Removed: For more information, refer to the section entitled “ Energy Operations ” below.
+Added: On April 17, 2024, Benchmark consummated the Revolution Transaction contemplated in the Revolution Purchase Agreement.
+Added: Pursuant to the Revolution Purchase Agreement, Benchmark acquired certain upstream assets and related facilities in Texas and Oklahoma, including approximately 140,000 net acres and an interest in approximately 470 operated producing wells for a purchase price of $145 million in cash, subject to customary post-closing adjustments.
+Added: The Company’s contribution to Benchmark to fund its portion of the Revolution Purchase Price and related fees was $59.9 million, which was funded from cash on hand.
+Added: The remainder of the Revolution Purchase Price was funded by a combination of borrowings under the Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility and a cash contribution of $15.25 million from other investors in Benchmark, including McArron Partners.
+Added: Following closing of the Revolution Transaction, the
+Added: Company’s interest in Benchmark is approximately 73.5%.
+Added: Refer to Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility.
+Added: For more information, refer to the section entitled “Energy Operations Business” below.
+Added: Manufacturing Operations
+Added: On October 18, 2024, Deflecto Holdco LLC (“Deflecto Purchaser”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Acacia, acquired Deflecto Acquisition, Inc.
+Added: (“Deflecto”), pursuant to that certain Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Deflecto Stock Purchase Agreement”) entered into on the same day with Deflecto Holdings, LLC and Evriholder Finance LLC (collectively, the “Deflecto Sellers”), Deflecto and the Sellers’ Representative named therein.
+Added: Pursuant to the Deflecto Stock Purchase Agreement, Deflecto Purchaser purchased all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Deflecto, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Deflecto Stock Purchase Agreement (such purchase and sale, together with the other transactions contemplated by the Deflecto Stock Purchase Agreement, the “Deflecto Transaction”).
+Added: Headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, Deflecto is a leading specialty manufacturer of essential products serving the commercial transportation, HVAC, and office markets.
+Added: The Deflecto Transaction closed simultaneously with the execution of the Deflecto Stock Purchase Agreement on October 18, 2024.
+Added: Under the terms and conditions of the Deflecto Stock Purchase Agreement, the aggregate consideration paid to the Deflecto Sellers in the Deflecto Transaction consisted of $103.7 million, subject to certain working capital, debt and other customary adjustments set forth in the Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Deflecto Purchase Price”).
+Added: The Deflecto Purchase Price was funded with a combination of borrowings of a $48.0 million secured term loan (the “Deflecto Term Loan”) and cash on hand.
+Added: A portion of the Deflecto Purchase Price is being held in escrow to indemnify Deflecto Purchaser against certain claims, losses and liabilities.
+Added: The Company’s consolidated financial statements include Deflecto’s consolidated operations from October 18, 2024 through December 31, 2024.
+Added: Refer to Notes 3 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the acquisition and the Deflecto Term Loan.
+Added: In October 2024, we acquired Deflecto.
+Added: Headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, Deflecto is a leading specialty manufacturer of essential products serving the commercial transportation, HVAC and office markets.
+Added: Under Acacia’s ownership, Deflecto is a market leader across each of its segments and end markets, supplying essential, regulatory mandated products to a blue-chip customer base via long-term relationships with more than 1,500 leading retail, wholesale and OEM customers and distribution partners globally.
+Added: Its products include emergency warning triangles and vehicle mudguards used by the transportation industry, various airducts and air registers used by the HVAC market and literature, sign holders and floormats used by the office market.
+Added: Deflecto manufactures its products at nine manufacturing facilities across the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and China.
+Added: For more information, refer to the section entitled “ Manufacturing Operations ” below.
Recent Business Developments and Trends
−Removed: Recapitalization
−Removed: On October 30, 2022, the Company entered into a Recapitalization Agreement with the Investors, pursuant to which, among other things, the Company and Starboard agreed to enter into a series of transactions to restructure Starboard’s existing investments in the Company in order to simplify the Company’s capital structure.
−Removed: Subsequently, and in accordance with the terms contained in the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, as amended, and the Recapitalization Agreement, on July 13, 2023, Starboard completed the Preferred Stock Conversion.
−Removed: Further to the terms of the Recapitalization Agreement and in accordance with the terms of the Series B Warrants, on July 13, 2023, Starboard completed the Series B Warrants Exercise, the cancellation of $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Senior Secured Notes held by Starboard and the receipt by the Company of aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $55.0 million.
−Removed: Starboard beneficially owns 61,123,595 shares of our common stock as of March 11, 2024, representing approximately 61.2% of the common stock based on 99,895,473 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of such date and no shares of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, no Series B Warrants, nor any Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding.
−Removed: For a detailed description of the Series B Warrants Exercise, and the cancellations of the Senior Secured notes, the Recapitalization, the Recapitalization Agreement, and the Recapitalization Transactions, see Notes 1 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
−Removed: Change of Chief Executive Officer and Litigation Settlement
−Removed: Since 2021, we have announced various changes to our Board and senior management .
−Removed: Changes in leadership and key management positions have inherent risks, and there are no assurances that any of our recent changes or future changes will not affect our operations and financial condition.
−Removed: On September 19, 2023, the Company together with ARG amicably settled with Clifford Press, former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, all claims, including counterclaims filed by Mr.
−Removed: Press, in connection with the arbitration demand previously filed by the Company against Mr.
−Removed: As part of the settlement, and, in exchange for, among other things, a release of claims by Mr.
−Removed: Press in favor of the Company and agreements by Mr.
−Removed: Press related to non-interference and cooperation, the Company paid to Mr.
−Removed: Press a total of $770,000 along with reimbursement of certain counsel fees and expenses in the amount of $480,000.
−Removed: In February 2024, after over one year of service from Mr.
−Removed: McNulty as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer, the Board appointed Mr.
−Removed: McNulty as Chief Executive Officer of the Company on a permanent basis.
−Removed: In addition, the Board expanded the size of the Board from six to seven directors and the Board appointed Mr.
−Removed: as a director of the Company to serve until the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor is duly elected and qualified.
+Added: Business Strategy
+Added: We intend to grow our Company by acquiring additional operating businesses, energy assets and intellectual property assets.
+Added: However, we may not complete any acquisitions, and any acquisitions that we complete will be costly and could negatively affect our results of operations, and dilute our stockholders’ ownership, or cause us to incur significant expense, and we may not realize the expected benefits of acquisitions.
+Added: Recent Acquisitions
+Added: In November 2023, we invested $10.0 million to acquire a 50.4% equity interest in Benchmark.
+Added: Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Benchmark is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the acquisition, production and development of oil and gas assets in mature resource plays in Texas and Oklahoma.
+Added: On April 17, 2024, Benchmark consummated the Revolution Transaction contemplated in the Revolution Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Benchmark acquired certain upstream assets and related facilities in Texas and Oklahoma, including approximately 140,000 net acres and an interest in approximately 470 operated producing wells, for a purchase price of $145 million in cash, subject to customary post-closing adjustments (as described further in Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).
+Added: Following closing, the Company’s interest in Benchmark is approximately 73.5%.
+Added: On October 18, 2024, Deflecto Purchaser, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Acacia, acquired Deflecto.
+Added: Headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, Deflecto is a leading specialty manufacturer of essential products serving the commercial transportation, HVAC and office markets.
+Added: Under the terms and conditions of the Deflecto Stock Purchase Agreement, the aggregate consideration paid to the sellers in the Deflecto Transaction consisted of $103.7 million, subject to certain working capital, debt and other customary adjustments set forth in the Deflecto Stock Purchase Agreement.
+Added: The Deflecto Purchase Price was funded with a combination of borrowings of a $48.0 million secured term loan and cash on hand.
+Added: A portion of the Deflecto Purchase Price is being held in escrow to indemnify Purchaser against certain claims, losses and liabilities.
+Added: Refer to Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Life Sciences Portfolio
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That purchase was funded with a combination of available cash and capital from Starboard, for a total of approximately $282.0 million at the time of acquisition.
−Removed: Through the end of 2023, we have received proceeds of $507.1 million as we monetized the Life Sciences portfolio.
+Added: Through the end of December 31, 2024, we have received proceeds of $564.1 million as we monetized the Life Sciences portfolio.
We retained an investment in the Life Sciences Portfolio consisting of public and private securities valued at $25.7 million at December 31, 2024.
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Refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for more information.
−Removed: In October 2021, we consummated our first operating company acquisition in connection with our acquisition of Printronix.
−Removed: We acquired all of the outstanding stock of Printronix, for a cash purchase price of approximately $37.0 million, which included an initial $33.0 million cash payment and a $4.0 million working capital adjustment.
−Removed: The Company's consolidated financial statements include Printronix's consolidated operations.
−Removed: Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information.
−Removed: In November 2023, we invested $10.0 million to acquire a 50.4% equity interest in Benchmark.
−Removed: Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Benchmark is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the acquisition, production and development of oil and gas assets in mature resource plays in Texas and Oklahoma.
−Removed: On February16, 2024, Benchmark entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement.
−Removed: Pursuant to the Purchase and Sale Agreement, Benchmark has agreed to purchase and Revolution has agreed to sell the Assets, which include approximately 140,000 net acres and approximately 470 operated producing wells in the Western Anadarko Basin throughout the Texas Panhandle and Western Oklahoma.
−Removed: Under the terms and conditions of the Purchase and Sale Agreement, which has an economic effective date of March 1, 2024, the aggregate consideration to be paid to Revolution in the Revolution Transaction will consist of $145 million in cash, subject to customary post-closing adjustments.
−Removed: Benchmark expects the Revolution Transaction to close in the second quarter of 2024 subject to customary closing conditions, as more fully described below.
−Removed: The Company’s expected contribution to Benchmark to fund its portion of the Purchase Price for the Revolution Transaction is $57.5 million which the Company anticipates will be funded from cash on hand.
−Removed: The remainder of the Purchase Price is expected to be funded by a combination of borrowings by Benchmark under a new revolving credit agreement of approximately $72.5 million and the remaining being funded through a cash contribution of approximately $15 million from McArron Partners, the other investor in Benchmark.
−Removed: Following the Revolution Transaction, the Company’s interest in Benchmark is expected to be approximately 73.1%.
−Removed: Business Strategy
−Removed: We intend to grow our Company by acquiring additional operating businesses, energy assets and intellectual property assets.
−Removed: However, we may not complete any acquisitions, and any acquisitions that we complete will be costly and could negatively affect our results of operations, and dilute our stockholders’ ownership, or cause us to incur significant expense, and we may not realize the expected benefits of acquisitions.
Historically, inflation has not had a significant impact on us or any of our subsidiaries.
−Removed: While insignificant to our consolidated enterprise, during the year ended December 31, 2023, our Printronix subsidiary experienced some inflation from higher cost of raw materials than in previous years due to higher electronic and electrical and metal components.
−Removed: While Printronix inventory costs have been impacted by these inflationary pressures, up to this point Printronix has generally been able to adjust selling prices in response to these higher costs.
−Removed: Printronix have also implemented cost rationalization measures to combat the rising cost that is driven by inflation and currency pressures.
+Added: Our Manufacturing and Industrial Operations will continue to adjust their selling prices as required in response to higher costs and may also implement cost rationalization measures, as applicable.
Additionally, our Energy Operations Business may experience inflation.
The oil and natural gas industry and the broader U.S.
−Removed: experienced higher than expected inflationary pressures in recent years related to increases in oil and natural gas prices, continued supply chain disruptions, labor shortages and geopolitical instability, among other pressures.
+Added: economy have experienced higher than expected inflationary pressures in recent years related to increases in oil and natural gas prices, continued supply chain disruptions, labor shortages and geopolitical instability, among other pressures.
Patent Licensing and Enforcement
Patent Litigation Trial Dates and Related Trials
−Removed: As of the date of this Annual Report, our Patent Licensing, Enforcement and Technologies Business has one pending patent infringement case with scheduled trial dates in the next twelve months.
+Added: As of the date of this Annual Report, our Patent Licensing, Enforcement and Technologies Business has two pending patent infringement case with scheduled trial dates in the next twelve months.
Patent infringement trials are components of its overall patent licensing process and are one of many factors that contribute to possible future revenue generating opportunities.
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While scheduled trial dates provide an indication of the timing of possible future revenue generating opportunities, the trials themselves and the immediately preceding periods represent the possible future revenue generating opportunities.
−Removed: These future opportunities can result in varying outcomes.
Refer to Item 1A “Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Intellectual Property Business and Industry” of this Annual Report for additional information regarding patent litigation and related risks.
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One of the significant challenges in the intellectual property industry continues to be quality patent intake due to the challenges and complexity associated with the current patent environment.
−Removed: During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not acquire any new patent portfolios.
+Added: We did not acquire any new patent portfolios in calendar years 2024 , 2023 and 2022 .
Dur ing 2021, we acquired one new patent portfolio consisting of Wi-Fi 6 standard essential patents.
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Industrial Operations Business
−Removed: Our Printronix subsidiary is a worldwide leader in multi‐technology supply‐chain printing solutions for a variety of industries, including manufacturing, transportation and logistics, retail distribution, food and beverage distribution, and pharmaceutical distribution.
+Added: Our Printronix subsidiary is a worldwide leader in multi‐technology supply‐chain printing solutions for a variety of industries, including auto manufacturing, transportation and logistics, retail distribution, food and beverage distribution, and pharmaceutical distribution.
Printronix’s line matrix printers are used for mission critical applications within these industries, including labeling and inventory management, build sheets, invoicing, manifests and bills of lading, and reporting.
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Energy Operations Business
−Removed: Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Benchmark is an independent oil and gas company engaged in the acquisition, production and development of oil and gas assets in mature resource plays in Texas and Oklahoma.
−Removed: Benchmark is run by an experienced management team led by Chief Executive Officer Kirk Goehring, who previously served as Chief Operating Officer of both Benchmark and Jones Energy, Inc.
−Removed: Benchmark’s existing assets consist of over 13,000 net acres primarily located in Roberts and Hemphill Counties in Texas, and an interest in over 125 wells, the majority of which are operated.
−Removed: Acacia has made a control investment in Benchmark and intends to utilize its significant capital base to acquire predictable and shallow decline, cash-flowing oil and gas properties whose value can be enhanced via a disciplined, field optimization strategy, with risk managed through robust commodity hedges and low leverage.
+Added: Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Benchmark is an independent oil and gas company that acquires, produces and develops oil and gas assets in Texas and Oklahoma.
+Added: Benchmark is run by an experienced management team led by Chief Executive Officer Kirk Goehring.
+Added: After the acquisition of Revolution, Benchmark’s existing assets consist of approximately 156,000 net acres and an interest in approximately 615 wells, the majority of which are operated.
+Added: Acacia owns approximately 73.5% of Benchmark.
+Added: Benchmark intends to enhance the value of such assets via a disciplined, field optimization strategy, with risk managed through robust commodity hedges and low leverage.
Through its investment in Benchmark, the Company, along with the Benchmark management team, will evaluate future growth and acquisitions of oil and gas assets at attractive valuations.
+Added: Manufacturing Operations Business
+Added: In October 2024, we acquired Deflecto.
+Added: Headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, Deflecto is a leading specialty manufacturer of essential products serving the commercial transportation, HVAC and office markets.
+Added: Under Acacia’s ownership, Deflecto is a market leader across each of its segments and end markets, supplying essential, regulatory mandated products to a blue-chip customer base via long-term relationships with more than 1,500 leading retail, wholesale and OEM customers and distribution partners globally.
+Added: Its products include emergency warning triangles and vehicle mudguards used by the transportation industry, various airducts and air registers used by the HVAC market and literature, sign holders and floormats used by the office market.
+Added: Deflecto manufactures its products at nine manufacturing facilities across the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and China
Operating Activities
Intellectual Property Operations
−Removed: Our Intellectual Property Operations revenues historically have fluctuated quarterly, and can vary significantly period to period, based on a number of factors including the following:
+Added: Our Intellectual Property Operations revenues historically have fluctuated quarterly, and can vary significantly period to period, based on several factors including the following:
• the dollar amount of agreements executed each period, which can be driven by the nature and characteristics of the technology or technologies being licensed and the magnitude of infringement associated with a specific licensee;
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• other external factors, including the periodic status or results of ongoing negotiations, the status or results of ongoing litigations and appeals, actual or perceived shifts in the regulatory environment, impact of unrelated patent related judicial proceedings and other macroeconomic factors;
−Removed: • the willingness of prospective licensees to settle significant patent infringement cases and pay reasonable license fees for the use of our patented technology, as such infringement cases approached a court determined trial date;
+Added: • the willingness of prospective licensees to settle significant patent infringement cases and pay reasonable license fees for the use of our patented technology, as such infringement cases approach a court determined trial date;
• fluctuations in overall patent portfolio related enforcement activities which are impacted by the portfolio intake challenges discussed above.
Our management does not attempt to manage for smooth sequential periodic growth in revenues from period to period, and therefore, periodic results can be uneven.
−Removed: Unlike most operating businesses and industries, licensing revenues not generated in a current period are not necessarily foregone but, depending on whether negotiations, litigation or both continue into subsequent periods, and depending on a number of other factors, such potential revenues may be pushed into subsequent annual periods.
+Added: Unlike most operating businesses and industries, licensing revenues not generated in a current period are not necessarily foregone but, depending on whether negotiations, litigation or both continue into subsequent periods, and depending on several other factors, such potential revenues may be pushed into subsequent annual periods.
Industrial Operations
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Refer to “Energy Operations Business” above for information related to Benchmark’s operating activities.
−Removed: In addition to the following results of operations discussion, more information related to our Intellectual Property Operations, Industrial Operations and Energy Operations segment revenues, cost of revenues and cost of production may be found in Notes 2 and 19 to the consolidated financial statements.
+Added: Manufacturing Operations
+Added: Refer to “Manufacturing Operations Business” above for information related to Deflecto’s operating activities.
+Added: In addition to the following results of operations discussion, more information related to our Intellectual Property Operations, Industrial Operations, Energy Operations and Manufacturing Operations segment revenues may be found in Notes 2 and 21 to the consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations
−Removed: The results reflected in this section with respect to Benchmark for the year ended December 31, 2023 include results for the period from November 13, 2023 to December 31, 2023 following our acquisition of Benchmark.
+Added: The results reflected in this section with respect to Deflecto for the year ended December 31, 2024 include results for the period from October 18, 2024 to December 31, 2024 following our acquisition of Deflecto.
+Added: The results reflected in this section with respect to Benchmark include results for the full year ended December 31, 2024 compared to an approximate two month period ended December 31, 2023 following our acquisition of Benchmark.
Summary of Results of Operations
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Total costs and expenses 155,238 104,166 51,072 49 %
−Removed: Operating income (loss) 20,936 (40,092) 61,028 (152 %)
−Removed: Total other income (expense) 46,490 (87,058) 133,548 (153 %)
−Removed: Income (loss) before income taxes 67,426 (127,150) 194,576 (153 %)
+Added: Operating (loss) income (32,926) 20,936 (53,862) (257 %)
+Added: Total other (expense) income (5,221) 46,490 (51,711) (111 %)
+Added: (Loss) income before income taxes (38,147) 67,426 (105,573) (157 %)
Income tax benefit 3,449 1,504 1,945 129 %
−Removed: Net income (loss) attributable to Acacia Research Corporation 67,060 (125,065) 192,125 (154 %)
+Added: Net (loss) income attributable to Acacia Research Corporation (36,057) 67,060 (103,117) (154 %)
Results of Operations - year ended December 31, 2024 compared with the year ended December 31, 2023
−Removed: Total revenues increased $65.9 million to $125.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $59.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 , primarily due to an increase in our Intellectual Property Operations revenues partially offset by a decrease in Industrial Operations revenues.
−Removed: ARG revenues increased due to one patent portfolio that generated license revenue in the fourth quarter of 2023, which contributed to Intellectual Property Operations revenues increasing by $69.6 million.
+Added: Total revenues decreased $2.8 million to $122.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $125.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to a decrease in our Intellectual Property Operations revenues and a decrease in Industrial Operations revenues, partially offset by revenues contributed from our Energy Operations and our Manufacturing Operations.
+Added: ARG revenues decreased due to a decrease in the number of license agreements executed and a decrease in average license fees, which contributed to Intellectual Property Operations revenues decreasing by $69.6 million.
Refer to “Investments in Patent Portfolios” above for additional information regarding the impact of portfolio acquisition trends on current and future licensing and enforcement related revenues.
1 unchanged sentence
Refer to “Industrial Operations – Revenues” below for further detailed discussion.
−Removed: In addition, post-acquisition revenues from Benchmark for the period from November 13, 2023 to December 31, 2023 contributed $848,000.
−Removed: Refer to “Energy Operations – Revenues ” below for further discussion.
−Removed: Income before income taxes was $67.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to loss of $127.2 million in the prior year.
−Removed: The net increase was comprised of the change in total revenues described above and other changes in operating expenses and other income or expense as follows:
−Removed: • Inventor royalties decreased $187,000, from $1.2 million to $1.0 million in 2023, primarily due to license agreement activity and related revenues generated in 2023 with no inventor royalty obligations.
+Added: Revenues contributed from Benchmark was $49.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which include post-asset acquisition revenues from Revolution compared to an approximate two month period ended December 31, 2023 revenues from Benchmark.
+Added: Post-acquisition revenues contributed from Deflecto was $23.2 million for the period from October 18, 2024 to December 31, 2024.
+Added: Refer to “Energy Operations - Revenues” and “Manufacturing Operations - Revenues” below for further discussion.
+Added: Loss before income taxes was $38.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to income before income taxes of $67.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
+Added: The net decrease was comprised of the change in total revenues described above and other changes in operating expenses and other income or expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 as follows:
+Added: • Inventor royalties increased $706,000, from $1.0 million to $1.7 million in 2024, primarily due to a higher mix of portfolios generating revenue in 2024 with inventor royalties.
Refer to “Intellectual Property Operations – Cost of Revenues” below for further discussion.
−Removed: • Contingent legal fees increased $8.6 million, from $2.4 million to $11.0 million in 2023, primarily due to the change in Intellectual Property Operations revenues described above.
+Added: • Contingent legal fees decreased $8.7 million, from $11.0 million to $2.3 million in 2024, primarily due to the change in Intellectual Property Operations revenues described above.
Refer to “Intellectual Property Operations – Cost of Revenues” below for further discussion.
−Removed: • Litigation and licensing expenses increased $6.8 million, from $4.0 million to $10.8 million in 2023, primarily due to a net increase in litigation support and third-party technical consulting expenses associated with ongoing litigation.
+Added: • Litigation and licensing expenses decreased $6.3 million, from $10.8 million to $4.4 million in 2024, primarily due to a net decrease in litigation support expenses associated with ongoing litigation.
Refer to “Intellectual Property Operations – Cost of Revenues” below for further discussion.
−Removed: • Printronix cost of sales, engineering and development expenses, and sales and marketing expenses decreased approximately $3.0 million, from $28.6 million to $25.7 million in 2023.
+Added: • Amortization of patents expense from our Intellectual Property Operations increased $4.7 million, from $11.4 million to $16.1 million in 2024, due to an increase in scheduled amortization from our additional preferential future returns paid from our existing patent portfolios.
+Added: Refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding certain patent and patent rights costs related to ARG.
+Added: • Printronix cost of sales, engineering and development expenses, and sales and marketing expenses decreased approximately $4.5 million, from $25.7 million to $21.1 million in 2024, primarily due to a decrease in revenue offset by higher margins.
Refer to “Industrial Operations – Cost of Revenues ” and “Operating Expenses” below for further discussion.
−Removed: • Post-acquisition cost of production from Benchmark for the period from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023 added operating expenses in the amount of $656,000 in 2023.
+Added: • Benchmark’s cost of production for the year ended December 31, 2024 added a total of $35.6 million to our consolidated operating expenses.
Refer to “Energy Operations – Cost of Production ” below for further discussion.
−Removed: • General and administrative expenses decreased $9.0 million, from $52.7 million to $43.7 million in 2023, primarily due to lower parent company and Intellectual Property Operations costs including, compensation expense for share-based awards, personnel costs, severance costs and our Industrial Operations general and administrative costs, offset partially by an increase in variable performance-based compensation costs and the addition of $264,000 expenses from our Energy Operations related to post-acquisition general and administrative costs from Benchmark for the period from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023.
+Added: • Post-acquisition cost of sales, engineering and development expenses, and sales and marketing expenses from Deflecto for the period from October 18, 2024 to December 31, 2024 added operating expenses in the amount of $18.6 million.
+Added: Refer to “Manufacturing Operations – Cost of Revenues ” below for further discussion.
+Added: • General and administrative expenses increased $10.9 million, from $44.4 million to $55.4 million in 2024, primarily due to our Energy Operations which contributed $3.4 million of general and administrative costs in 2024 and our Manufacturing Operations which contributed $4.2 million of post-acquisition general administrative costs from Deflecto for the period from October 18, 2024 through December 31, 2024.
+Added: In addition, the increase is due to higher parent company and Intellectual Property Operations costs including variable performance-based compensation costs and severance costs, partially offset by a decrease in our Industrial Operations general and administrative costs.
Refer to “ General and Administrative Expenses ” below for further detail and discussion.
−Removed: • Compensation expense for share-based awards, included in general and administrative expenses above, decreased $523,000, from $3.8 million to $3.3 million in 2023, primarily due to forfeitures for terminated employees, which was partially offset by restricted stock and option grants issued to employees and the Board in 2023 and 2022.
−Removed: • Unrealized gain from the change in fair value of our equity securities was $31.4 million in 2023, as compared to an unrealized loss of $263.7 million in the prior year.
+Added: • Compensation expense for share-based awards, included in general and administrative expenses above, increased $1.5 million, from $3.3 million to $4.8 million in 2024, primarily due to restricted stock and option grants issued to employees and the Board in 2024 and 2023, which includes a partial offset for forfeitures, and an increase in compensation expense related to PSUs granted in 2023 based on the probability assessment performed as of December 31, 2024.
+Added: Refer to Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding compensation expense.
+Added: • Unrealized loss from the change in fair value of our equity securities was $31.4 million in 2024, as compared to an unrealized gain of $31.4 million in the prior year.
The unrealized gain and loss were derived from our Life Sciences Portfolio and trading securities portfolio.
−Removed: The prior year unrealized loss primarily relates to the reversal of unrealized gains previously recorded for shares sold during the year for realized gains.
−Removed: Refer to " Equity Securities Investments " below for further discussion.
−Removed: • Realized loss from the sale of equity securities was $10.9 million in 2023, as compared to a realized gain of $125.3 million in the prior year.
+Added: The 2024 period unrealized loss primarily relates to the reversal of unrealized gains previously recorded for Arix shares sold in January 2024 for realized gains.
+Added: Refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the sale of Arix shares and refer to “ Equity Securities Investments ” below for further discussion.
+Added: • Realized gain from the sale of equity securities was $28.9 million in 2024, as compared to a realized loss of $10.9 million in the prior year.
The realized gains and losses were similarly derived from the sales activity from our Life Sciences Portfolio and trading securities portfolio.
−Removed: Refer to " Equity Securities Investments " below for further discussion.
−Removed: • Earnings on equity investment in joint venture decreased $38.4 million, from $42.5 million to $4.2 million in 2023.
−Removed: The current year includes the earnings on equity investment in joint venture from two milestone payments while the prior year included higher milestone payment amounts with related accrued interest and earnings on equity investment in the joint venture.
−Removed: Refer to " Equity Securities Investments " below for a detailed discussion.
−Removed: • Unrealized gain from the Series B warrants and the embedded derivative fair value measurements was $8.2 million in 2023, as compared to an unrealized gain of $13.1 million from the Series A and Series B warrants and embedded derivative fair value measurements in the prior year.
−Removed: Refer to Notes 10 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the Starboard Securities and fair value measurements.
−Removed: • Gain on foreign currency exchange was $53,000 in 2023, as compared to a loss on foreign currency exchange of $3.3 million in the prior year.
−Removed: The gains and losses were primarily derived from our foreign cash accounts exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S.
−Removed: dollar and the British Pound.
−Removed: • Interest expense on Senior Secured Notes decreased $4.5 million, from $6.4 million to $1.9 million in 2023, due to the cancellation of the remaining $60.0 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Senior Secured Notes on July 13, 2023, pursuant to the Series B Warrants Exercise.
−Removed: Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the Starboard Senior Secured Notes.
−Removed: • Interest income and other, net was $15.5 million in 2023, as compared to $5.4 million in the prior year, mainly due to an increase in interest income from our cash equivalents, offset partially by an increase in the write off of the remaining limited unsecured notes of Adaptix Limited.
+Added: The 2024 period realized gains primarily relates to the Arix shares sold in January 2024.
+Added: Refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the sale of Arix shares and refer to “ Equity Securities Investments ” below for further discussion.
+Added: • Earnings on equity investment in joint venture was zero in 2024, as compared to $4.2 million in the prior year primarily due to the earnings on equity investment in joint venture from one milestone in 2023.
+Added: • Non-recurring legacy legal expense of $14.9 million in 2024 is related to the AIP Matter (as defined in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein) and expenses related to the settlement agreement with Slingshot (as defined in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein).
+Added: Refer to Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the accrual in connection with the AIP Matter and the settlement agreement with Slingshot.
+Added: • Unrealized gain from the Series B Warrants and the embedded derivative fair value measurements was zero in 2024, as compared to a gain of $8.2 million in the prior year, primarily due to the exercise of the remaining Series B Warrants and conversion of the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock into the Company’s common stock in 2023.
+Added: In 2024, no shares of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and no Series B Warrants remained outstanding.
+Added: Refer to Notes 12 and 13 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the Series B Warrants and Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and fair value measurements.
+Added: • Gain on derivatives was $2.0 million in 2024, as compared to $1.2 million in the prior year due to the commodity derivative activities contributed from our Energy Operations.
+Added: Refer to Note 13 for additional information regarding Benchmark’s gain on its commodity derivatives.
+Added: • Interest expense increased $4.4 million, from $2.1 million to $6.4 million in 2024, primarily due to the interest expense incurred in relation to the Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility and the Deflecto Term Loan.
+Added: Interest expense from Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility included a full year of interest expense in 2024 compared to an approximate two month period in the prior year and post-acquisition related interest expense contributed to the increase from the Deflecto Term Loan.
+Added: Refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility and the Deflecto Term Loan.
+Added: The increase is partially offset by a decrease in interest expense related to the cancellation of the remaining $60.0 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Senior Secured Notes on July 13, 2023, pursuant to the Series B Warrants Exercise.
+Added: Refer to Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the Senior Secured Notes.
+Added: • Interest income and other, net increased $2.6 million from $14.4 million to $17.0 million in 2024, primarily due to the increase in interest income from our cash equivalents.
Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding our cash and cash equivalents and investments in equity securities.
11 unchanged sentences
These rights were primarily granted on a perpetual basis, extending until the expiration of the underlying patents.
−Removed: Paid-up revenue increased $70.0 million due to one patent portfolio that generated license revenue in the fourth quarter of 2023.
−Removed: Recurring revenue, that provides for quarterly sales-based license fees, decreased $399,000 from various on-going license arrangements.
+Added: Paid-up revenue decreased $70.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 due to a decrease in the number of new license agreements in 2024 and a decrease in average license fees.
+Added: Recurring revenue, that provides for quarterly sales-based license fees, increased $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, from various on-going license arrangements.
Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding our revenue arrangements and related concentrations for the periods presented herein.
8 unchanged sentences
Total $ 24,551 $ 34,164 $ (9,613) (28 %)
−Removed: Refer to detailed change explanations above for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 regarding cost of revenues for our Intellectual Property Operations.
+Added: Refer to detailed change explanations above for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 regarding cost of revenues for our Intellectual Property Operations.
The economic terms of patent portfolio related partnering agreements and contingent legal fee arrangements, if any, including royalty obligations, if any, royalty rates, contingent fee rates and other terms and conditions, vary across the patent portfolios owned or controlled by our operating subsidiaries.
13 unchanged sentences
For the periods presented above, the majority of the contract agreements executed in the relevant period include various combinations of tangible products (which include printers, consumables and parts) and services.
−Removed: Revenue from printers and parts decreased $3.6 million due to a decrease in the number of printer units sold.
+Added: Revenue from printers and parts and consumable products for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $2.5 million and $2.0 million, respectively compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, due to a decrease in the number of printer units and consumable products sold.
Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding Printronix’s revenue arrangements and related concentrations.
8 unchanged sentences
Energy Operations
−Removed: Benchmark's revenues from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023 included the following (in thousands):
+Added: The following table provides the components of Benchmark’s revenues for the periods indicated, as well as each period’s respective average realized prices and production volumes.
+Added: This table shows production on a barrel of oil equivalent basis in which natural gas is converted to oil at the ratio of 6 Mcf of natural gas to one barrel of oil.
+Added: This ratio may not be reflective of the current price ratio between two products.
+Added: Year Ended December 31, 2024 November 13, 2023 to December 31, 2023 $ Change % Change
+Added: (In thousands, except per unit data and percentage change values)
+Added: Oil (Bbl) 364,464 3,389 361,075 10,654 %
+Added: Natural gas (Mcf) 4,678,014 144,949 4,533,065 3,127 %
+Added: Natural gas liquids (Bbl) 535,571 9,949 525,622 5,283 %
+Added: Total (boe) 1,679,704 158,287 1,521,417 961 %
+Added: Average daily production:
+Added: Oil (Bbl/d) 999 71 928 1,307 %
+Added: Natural gas (Mcf/d) 12,816 3,020 9,796 324 %
+Added: Natural gas liquids (Bbl/d) 1,467 207 1,260 609 %
+Added: Total (boe/d) 4,601 3,298 1,303 40 %
Oil sales $ 26,468 $ 256 $ 26,212 10,239 %
1 unchanged sentence
Natural gas liquids sales 13,014 220 12,794 5,815 %
+Added: Other service sales 507 — 507 n/a
+Added: Total $ 49,183 $ 848 $ 48,335 5,700 %
+Added: Average Price:
+Added: Oil (per Bbl) $ 72.62 $ 75.54 $ (2.92) (4) %
+Added: Natural gas (per Mcf) $ 1.97 $ 2.57 $ (0.60) (23) %
+Added: Natural gas liquids (per Bbl) $ 24.30 $ 22.11 $ 2.19 10 %
Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding Benchmark’s revenue arrangements and related concentrations.
Cost of Production
−Removed: Benchmark's cost of production from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023 was $656,000.
+Added: Benchmark’s cost of production for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $36.3 million and $656,000, respectively.
+Added: Benchmark’s cost of production figures include the full year ended December 31, 2024 compared to an
+Added: approximate two month period ended December 31, 2023 following our acquisition of Benchmark.
Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding Benchmark’s cost of production.
+Added: Manufacturing Operations
+Added: Deflecto’s revenues from October 18, 2024 through December 31, 2024 included the following (in thousands):
+Added: Air distribution $ 7,782
+Added: Safety products 7,977
+Added: Office products 7,424
+Added: Total $ 23,183
+Added: Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding Deflecto’s revenue arrangements and related concentrations.
+Added: Cost of Revenues
+Added: Deflecto’s cost of revenues from October 18, 2024 through December 31, 2024 was $16.9 million.
+Added: Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding Deflecto’s cost of revenues.
Operating Expenses
1 unchanged sentence
(In thousands, except percentage change values)
−Removed: Engineering and development expenses - industrial operations $ 735 $ 626 $ 109 17 %
Sales and marketing expenses - industrial operations $ 5,681 $ 6,908 $ (1,227) (18 %)
+Added: Sales and marketing expenses - manufacturing operations 1,536 — 1,536 n/a
General and administrative costs - intellectual property operations 8,826 7,402 1,424 19 %
General and administrative costs - industrial operations 8,024 9,457 (1,433) (15 %)
−Removed: General and administrative costs - energy operations 264 — 264 n/a
+Added: General and administrative costs - energy operations 3,427 264 3,163 1,198 %
+Added: General and administrative costs - manufacturing operations 4,767 — 4,767 n/a
Parent general and administrative expenses 30,319 27,306 3,013 11 %
1 unchanged sentence
Total $ 62,580 $ 51,337 $ 11,243 22 %
−Removed: The operating expenses table above includes the Company's general and administrative expenses by operation and Printronix's engineering and development expenses and sales and marketing expenses.
−Removed: The table includes Benchmark's general and administrative costs for the post acquisition period from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023.
−Removed: Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding Printronix's operating expenses.
+Added: The operating expenses table above includes the Company’s general and administrative expenses by operation, Printronix’s sales and marketing expenses, and Benchmark’s general and administrative costs.
+Added: The periods presented above include Benchmark’s general and administrative costs for the full year ended December 31, 2024 compared to an approximate two month period ended December 31, 2023 following our acquisition of Benchmark.
+Added: The table also includes Deflecto’s sales and marketing expenses and general and administrative costs for the post acquisition period from October 18, 2024 through December 31, 2024.
+Added: Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding Printronix’s and Deflecto’s operating expenses.
General and Administrative Expenses
−Removed: A summary of the main drivers of the change in general and administrative expenses is as follows:
+Added: A summary of the main drivers of the increases (decreases) in general and administrative expenses is as follows:
(In thousands)
4 unchanged sentences
General and administrative costs - energy operations 3,163
+Added: General and administrative costs - manufacturing operations 4,158
+Added: Amortization of industrial operations intangible assets 2
+Added: Amortization of manufacturing operations intangible assets 609
Compensation expense for share-based awards 1,498
1 unchanged sentence
Total change in general and administrative expenses $ 10,934
−Removed: General and administrative expenses include employee compensation and related personnel costs, including variable performance based compensation and compensation expense for share-based awards, office and facilities costs, legal and accounting professional fees, public relations, stock administration, business development, fixed asset depreciation, amortization of Industrial Operations intangible assets, state taxes based on gross receipts and other corporate costs.
−Removed: The table above includes our Energy Operations general and administrative expenses for the post acquisition period from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023.
−Removed: The decrease in personnel cost and board fees and compensation expense for share-based awards was primarily due to a decrease in headcount and related costs.
−Removed: The increase in variable performance-based compensation costs was primarily due to fluctuations in performance-based compensation accruals.
−Removed: The decrease in other general and administrative costs, which relates to our parent company and Intellectual Property Operations business, were primarily due to lower legal fees.
−Removed: Refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for the additional information regarding the limited unsecured notes.
+Added: General and administrative expenses include employee compensation and related personnel costs, including variable performance based compensation and compensation expense for share-based awards, office and facilities costs, legal and accounting professional fees, public relations, stock administration, business development, fixed asset depreciation, amortization of Industrial Operations and Manufacturing Operations’ intangible assets, state taxes based on gross receipts and other corporate costs.
+Added: The periods presented above include Energy Operations’ general administrative expenses for the full year ended December 31, 2024 compared to an approximate two month period ended December 31, 2023 following our acquisition of Benchmark.
+Added: The table above also includes our Manufacturing Operations general and administrative expenses for the post acquisition period from October 18, 2024 through December 31, 2024.
+Added: The increase in variable performance-based compensation costs was primarily due to fluctuations in performance-based compensation.
+Added: The increase in other general and administrative costs, which relates to our parent company and our Intellectual Property Operations, were primarily due to increases in accounting professional fees.
+Added: The increase in compensation expense for share-based awards was primarily due to compensation expense incurred related to PSUs granted in 2023 based on the probability assessment performed as of December 31, 2024.
+Added: Refer to Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding compensation expense.
The decrease in general and administrative costs of Industrial Operations is due to Printronix’s initiative to reduce costs and operate more efficiently.
Non-recurring employee severance costs fluctuate based on the severance arrangements of terminated employees.
−Removed: In addition, our Energy Operations related general and administrative costs increased from post-acquisition expenses from Benchmark for the period from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023.
+Added: In addition, our Energy Operations related general and administrative costs contributed an increase of $3.2 million and Manufacturing Operations related general and administrative costs and amortization of intangible assets contributed $4.2 million and $609,000, respectively, in each case driven by the acquisitions of Revolution and Deflecto.
Refer to additional general and administrative change explanations above.
4 unchanged sentences
Change in fair value of equity securities $ (31,412) $ 31,423 $ (62,835) (200 %)
−Removed: (Loss) gain on sale of equity securities (10,930) 125,318 (136,248) (109 %)
+Added: Gain (loss) on sale of equity securities 28,861 (10,930) 39,791 (364 %)
Earnings on equity investment in joint venture — 4,167 (4,167) (100 %)
−Removed: Total net realized and unrealized gain (loss) $ 24,660 $ (95,846) $ 120,506 (126 %)
+Added: Total net realized and unrealized gain $ (2,551) $ 24,660 $ (27,211) (110 %)
Our equity securities investments, including the Life Sciences Portfolio and trading securities portfolio, are recorded at fair value at each balance sheet date.
−Removed: During the fourth quarter of 2022, Acacia fully exited its position in Oxford Nanopore.
+Added: During the first quarter of 2024, Acacia fully exited its position in Arix.
Refer to periodic change explanations above.
Refer to Notes 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding our investment in the Life Sciences Portfolio and other equity securities.
−Removed: Our results included an unrealized gain from the change in fair value of our equity securities as compared to an unrealized loss in the prior year, and included realized loss from the sale of our equity securities as compared to a realized gain in the prior year.
+Added: Our results included an unrealized loss from the change in fair value of our equity securities as compared to an unrealized gain in the comparable prior period, and included realized gain from the sale of our equity securities as compared to a realized loss in the prior year.
These changes were derived from our Life Sciences Portfolio and trading securities portfolio.
−Removed: The current period unrealized gain primarily relates to our Life Sciences Portfolio and trading securities portfolio.
−Removed: The current period realized loss primarily relates to sales activity from trading securities portfolio.
+Added: The 2024 period unrealized loss and realized gain primarily relates to the sale of Arix shares.
During 2023, we recorded consolidated earnings on equity investment in joint venture, which is part of the Life Sciences Portfolio, of $4.2 million for two milestones earned during the period.
−Removed: During 2022, we recorded consolidated earnings on equity investment of $42.5 million, including two milestones and accrued interest that were due in 2022.
+Added: There were no milestones earned during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information.
+Added: Non-recurring legacy legal expense
2024 2023 $ Change % Change
(In thousands, except percentage change values)
+Added: Non-recurring legacy legal expense $ (14,857) $ — $ (14,857) n/a
+Added: During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded $12.9 million in connection with the AIP Matter in other income (expense) and $2.0 million in other income (expense) in connection with the Slingshot settlement in the consolidated statements of operations.
+Added: Refer to Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information.
+Added: 2024 2023 $ Change % Change
+Added: (In thousands, except percentage change values)
Income tax benefit $ 3,449 $ 1,504 $ 1,945 129 %
Effective tax rate (9) % (2) % n/a (7) %
+Added: Our income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2024 is primarily attributable to recognizing a benefit for losses incurred year to date offset by foreign withholding taxes.
Our income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily attributable to the use of tax attributes against 2023 earnings and the release of valuation allowance on the remaining federal net operating losses.
−Removed: Our income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily reflects the decrease in deferred tax liabilities attributable to the unrealized losses recorded, expiration of foreign tax credits and changes in the valuation allowance.
−Removed: Our 2023 effective tax rate was lower than the U.S.
−Removed: federal statutory rate primarily due to utilization of foreign tax credits, changes in valuation allowance, as well as non-deductible items.
−Removed: Our 2022 effective tax rate was lower than the U.S.
−Removed: federal statutory rate primarily due to the change in valuation allowance, as well as non-deductible items.
−Removed: The effective tax rate may be subject to fluctuations during the year as new information is obtained which may affect the assumptions used
−Removed: to estimate the effective tax rate, including factors such as expected utilization of net operating loss carryforwards, changes in or the interpretation of tax laws in jurisdictions where the Company conducts business, the Company’s expansion into new states or foreign countries, and the amount of valuation allowances against deferred tax assets.
−Removed: The Company has recorded a partial valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
+Added: Our 2024 effective tax rate in each period differed from the U.S.
+Added: federal statutory rate primarily due to foreign withholding taxes which we could not recognize as a foreign tax credit and non-deductible items.
+Added: The Company has recorded a partial valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 on foreign tax credits and certain state net operating losses.
Refer to Notes 2 and 19 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional income tax information.
1 unchanged sentence
Our foreseeable material cash requirements as of December 31, 2024, are recognized as liabilities or generally are otherwise described in Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
−Removed: Cash requirements are generally derived from our operating and investing activities including expenditures for working capital (discussed below), human capital, business development, investments in equity securities and intellectual property, and business combinations.
−Removed: Our facilities lease obligations, guarantees and certain contingent obligations are further described in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.
+Added: In particular, our facilities lease obligations, guarantees and certain contingent obligations are further described in Note 15 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Historically, we have not entered into off-balance sheet financing arrangements.
+Added: In addition, the obligations of our Energy Operations Business related to the
+Added: Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility and the obligations of our Manufacturing Operations Business related to the Deflecto Term Loan are further described in Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
+Added: The obligations of our Energy Operations Business related to the asset retirement obligations are further described in Note 10 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
+Added: Additional cash requirements are generally derived from our operating and investing activities including expenditures for working capital (discussed below), human capital, business development, investments in equity securities and intellectual property, and business combinations.
At December 31, 2024, we had unrecognized tax benefits, as further described in Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements.
−Removed: On July 13, 2023, in accordance with the terms of the Recapitalization Agreement, Starboard completed the Series B Warrants Exercise and pursuant to the Series B Warrants Exercise, the Company cancelled $60.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Secured Notes held by Starboard and received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $55.0 million.
−Removed: At the closing of the Series B Warrants Exercise, the Company effectively paid to Starboard an aggregate amount of $66.0 million representing a negotiated settlement of the foregone time value of the Series B Warrants and the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock (which amount was paid through a reduction in the exercise price of the Series B Warrants).
−Removed: This effectively modified the exercise price of the Series B Warrants.
−Removed: Upon the Series B Warrants Exercise, the Investors exercised the Series B Warrants at a reduced price and Company issued an aggregate of 31,506,849 shares of the Company's common stock to the Investors in consideration of their cash payment and cancellation of any outstanding Senior Secured Notes.
−Removed: No shares of Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, no Series B Warrants, nor any Senior Secured Notes remain.
−Removed: For additional information, see Note 10, "Starboard Investment" to the consolidated financial statements.
Certain of our operating subsidiaries are often required to engage in litigation to enforce their patents and patent rights.
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In such event, a court may issue monetary sanctions against us or our operating subsidiaries or award attorney’s fees and/or expenses to a defendant(s), which could be material.
−Removed: At December 31, 2023, our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents on hand and cash generated from our operating activities.
−Removed: Our cash and cash equivalents on hand includes proceeds of the completed Rights Offering and Concurrent Private Rights Offering (each as defined in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements).
−Removed: The Company’s expected contribution to Benchmark to fund its portion of the Purchase Price for the Revolution Transaction is $57.5 million, which the Company anticipates will be funded from cash on hand.
−Removed: The remainder of the Purchase Price is expected to be funded by a combination of borrowings by Benchmark under a new revolving credit agreement of approximately $72.5 million and the remaining being funded through a cash contribution of approximately $15 million from McArron Partners, the other investor in Benchmark.
+Added: At December 31, 2024, our primary sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents on hand and cash generated from our operating activities.
+Added: The Company’s contribution to Benchmark to fund its portion of the Revolution Purchase Price and related fees for the Benchmark Transaction was $59.9 million, which was funded from cash on hand.
+Added: The remainder of the Revolution Purchase Price was funded by a combination of borrowings under the Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility of approximately $82.7 million and a cash contribution of approximately $15.3 million from other investors in Benchmark, including McArron Partners.
+Added: Refer to Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility.
+Added: On October 18, 2024 the Company acquired Deflecto for a purchase price of $103.7 million, which was funded with a combination of borrowings under the Deflecto Term Loan and from cash on hand.
+Added: Refer to Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Deflecto Term Loan.
Furthermore, we intend to grow our company by acquiring additional operating businesses and intellectual property assets.
We expect to finance such acquisitions through cash on hand or by engaging in equity or debt financing.
−Removed: Our management believes that our cash and cash equivalent balances and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements through at least twelve months from the date of this Annual Report and for the foreseeable
−Removed: We may, however, encounter unforeseen difficulties that may deplete our capital resources more rapidly than anticipated, including those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors”.
−Removed: Any efforts to seek additional funding could be made through issuances of equity or debt, or other external financing.
+Added: Our management believes that our cash and cash equivalent balances and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements through at least twelve months from the date of this Annual Report and for the foreseeable future.
+Added: We may, however, encounter unforeseen difficulties that may deplete our capital resources more rapidly than anticipated, including those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” Any efforts to seek additional funding could be made through issuances of equity or debt, or other external financing.
However, additional funding may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.
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Our consolidated cash, cash equivalents and equity securities totaled $297.0 million at December 31, 2024, compared to $403.2 million at December 31, 2023.
+Added: The Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility and Deflecto Revolving Credit Facility include covenants potentially limiting our borrowing capacity as determined by a leverage ratio.
+Added: As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial covenants applicable to our debt agreements.
+Added: Refer to Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Cash Flows Summary
−Removed: The net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash for the periods presented was comprised of the following:
+Added: The net change in cash and cash equivalents for the periods presented was comprised of the following:
Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
−Removed: Net cash provided by (used in):
+Added: Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities $ 50,122 $ (22,506)
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Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents (926) 1
−Removed: Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ 52,305 $ (21,575)
+Added: (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (66,211) $ 52,305
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
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(In thousands)
−Removed: Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries $ 68,930 $ (110,939)
−Removed: Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) including noncontrolling interests in
−Removed: subsidiaries to net cash used in operating activities:
+Added: Net (loss) income including noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries $ (34,698) $ 68,930
+Added: Adjustments to reconcile net loss including noncontrolling interests in
+Added: subsidiaries to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization 33,574 14,728
−Removed: Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs — 90
−Removed: Change in fair values Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock embedded derivatives, Series A warrants and Series B warrants (6,716) (15,106)
−Removed: Loss on exercise of Series A warrants — 2,004
+Added: Accretion of asset retirement obligation 986 —
+Added: Change in fair values Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock embedded derivatives and Series B warrants — (6,716)
Gain on exercise of Series B warrants — (1,525)
Compensation expense for share-based awards 4,795 3,297
−Removed: (Gain) loss on foreign currency exchange (53) 3,324
+Added: Loss (gain) on foreign currency exchange 370 (53)
Change in fair value of equity securities 31,412 (31,423)
−Removed: Loss (gain) on sale of equity securities 10,930 (125,318)
−Removed: Unrealized gain on derivatives (781) —
+Added: (Gain) loss on sale of equity securities (28,861) 10,930
+Added: Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives 610 (781)
Earnings on equity investment in joint venture — (4,167)
−Removed: Deferred income taxes (3,657) (17,810)
+Added: Deferred income taxes, net of acquired net deferred tax assets (6,051) (3,657)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
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Deferred revenue 497 (337)
−Removed: Net cash used in operating activities $ (22,506) $ (37,336)
+Added: Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 50,122 $ (22,506)
Cash receipts from ARG’s licensees totaled $91.3 million and $12.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Cash receipts from Printronix's customers totaled $31.0 million and $37.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
−Removed: Cash receipts from Benchmark's customers totaled $1.8 million for the post acquisition period from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023.
+Added: Cash receipts from Benchmark’s customers totaled $61.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $1.8 million for the period from November 13, 2023 through December 31, 2023.
+Added: Cash receipts from Deflecto’s customers totaled $24.3 million for the post acquisition period from October 18, 2024 through December 31, 2024.
The fluctuations in cash receipts for the periods presented primarily reflects the corresponding fluctuations in revenues recognized during the same periods, as described above, and the related timing of payments received from licensees and customers.
−Removed: Our reported cash used in operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $22.5 million, compared to $37.3 million in the prior year.
−Removed: The decrease in cash used in operations was primarily due to net outflows from the total changes in assets and liabilities (refer to Working Capital discussion below), increase in accounts receivable and inventory related sales, and by the total change in net income (described above) and related noncash adjustments.
+Added: Our reported cash provided by operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $50.1 million, compared to cash used in operations of $22.5 million in the prior year.
+Added: The increase in cash provided by operations was primarily due to net inflows from the total changes in assets and liabilities (refer to Working Capital discussion below), decrease in accounts receivable, decrease in inventories, increase in prepaid expense and other assets, decrease in accounts payable, decrease in royalties and contingent legal fees payable and by the total change in net income (described above) and related noncash adjustments.
Working Capital
−Removed: Our working capital related to cash flows from operating activities at December 31, 2023 increased to $87.0 million, compared to $15.1 million at December 31, 2022, which was comprised of the changes in assets and liabilities presented above.
−Removed: The increase is primarily due to change in accounts receivable, which is related to the timing of the cash receipts related to Intellectual Property Operations Business.
+Added: Our working capital related to cash flows from operating activities at December 31, 2024 decreased to $39.1 million, compared to $87.0 million at December 31, 2023, which was comprised of the changes in assets and liabilities presented above.
+Added: The decrease is primarily due to change in accounts receivable and royalties and contingent legal fees payable, which is related to the timing of the cash receipts related to Intellectual Property Operations Business.
+Added: The decrease in working capital is also due to the increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities related to our Energy Operations Business and Manufacturing Operations Business.
+Added: The decreases were partially offset by increases in inventory and prepaid expenses.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
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Distributions received from equity investment in joint venture — 2,777
−Removed: Purchases of property and equipment (189) (732)
−Removed: Net cash provided by investing activities $ 16,178 $ 184,464
−Removed: Cash flows from investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased to $16.2 million, as compared to cash flow of $184.5 million in the prior year, primarily due to net cash inflows from our Life Sciences Portfolio, trading securities portfolio equity securities transactions and Acacia's acquisition of Benchmark in 2023.
−Removed: Refer to “Other Income/Expense – Equity Securities Investments ” and “Recent Business Developments and Trends - Acquisitions ” above and Notes 3 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information related to Acacia's acquisition of Benchmark and Life Sciences Portfolio, respectively.
+Added: Net purchases of property and equipment and additions to oil and gas properties (148,667) (189)
+Added: Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities $ (212,963) $ 16,178
+Added: Cash outflows from investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $213.0 million, as compared to cash inflows of $16.2 million in the prior year, primarily due to the net effect of the acquisition of oil and gas properties in the Revolution Transaction, the acquisition of Deflecto, and net cash inflows from our trading securities portfolio equity securities transactions and sale of Arix shares.
+Added: Refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the Revolution Transaction and Deflecto Transaction.
+Added: Refer to “Other Income/Expense – Equity Securities Investments ” above and Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information related to Life Sciences Portfolio.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
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Repurchase of common stock $ (20,288) $ —
−Removed: Paydown of Revolving Credit Facility (7,700) —
Paydown of Senior Secured Notes — (60,000)
+Added: Contributions from noncontrolling interest 15,250 —
+Added: Borrowings on the Revolving credit facility 86,010 —
+Added: Paydown of Revolving Credit Facility (30,035) (7,700)
+Added: Borrowings on the Term Loan 47,488 —
Dividend on Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock — (1,400)
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Proceeds from Rights Offering — 79,111
−Removed: Proceeds from exercise of Series A warrants — 9,250
Proceeds from exercise of Series B warrants — 49,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 223 235
−Removed: Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities $ 58,632 $ (166,137)
−Removed: Cash inflows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased to $58.6 million, as compared to cash outflow of $166.1 million in the prior year, primarily due to activity related to the Rights Offering and Concurrent Private Rights Offering.
−Removed: On October 30, 2022, the Company entered into a Recapitalization Agreement with Starboard and the Investors.
−Removed: On July 13, 2023, Starboard completed the Series B Warrants Exercise through a combination of a "Note Cancellation" and a "Limited Cash Exercise." Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information.
+Added: Net cash provided by financing activities $ 97,556 $ 58,632
+Added: Cash inflows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased to $97.6 million, as compared to cash inflows of $58.6 million in the prior year, primarily due to net cash inflows from borrowings on the Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility and Deflecto Term Loan and contributions from noncontrolling interest related to the Revolution Transaction.
+Added: The increases were partially offset by decreases due to repurchases of common stock and proceeds in 2023 from a rights offering and exercise of warrants which were non-recurring.
+Added: Refer to Notes 1, 3 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the Revolution Transaction, Benchmark Revolving Credit Facility and Deflecto Term Loan.
+Added: Refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements elsewhere herein for additional information regarding the repurchase of common stock.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
−Removed: In preparing these financial statements, we make assumptions, judgments and estimates that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our
−Removed: financial condition or results of operations.
+Added: In preparing these financial statements, we make assumptions, judgments and estimates that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.
3 unchanged sentences
• revenue recognition;
−Removed: • estimates of crude oil and natural gas reserves
+Added: • estimates of crude oil and natural gas reserves and values and standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows
• valuation of long-lived assets, goodwill and other intangible assets;
−Removed: • valuation of Series B Warrants;
−Removed: • valuation of embedded derivatives;
• accounting for income taxes.
We discuss below the critical accounting assumptions, judgements and estimates associated with these policies.
−Removed: Historically, our critical accounting estimates relative to our significant accounting policies have not differed materially from actual results.
+Added: Historically, our critical accounting estimates relative to our significant accounting policies have not differed materially
+Added: from actual results.
For further information on the related significant accounting policies, refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
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The differences between such estimates and actual amounts of oil and natural gas sales are recorded in the following month upon receipt of payment from the customer and any differences have historically been insignificant.
−Removed: Estimate of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves
−Removed: Estimates of crude oil and natural gas reserves, as determined by independent petroleum engineers, are continually subject to revision based on price, production history and other factors.
−Removed: Estimated crude oil and natural gas reserves affect the
−Removed: carrying value of oil and gas properties, depreciation, depletion and amortizations, asset retirement obligations, and evaluation of impairment of oil and natural gas properties.
+Added: Deflecto recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive for providing those goods or services.
+Added: To determine the transaction price, Deflecto estimates the amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer.
+Added: Elements of variable consideration are estimated at the time of sale which primarily include incentives, discounts or rebates that occur under established sales programs.
+Added: These estimates are developed using the historical experience, anticipated performance and management’s best judgment at the time and are reviewed and updated, as necessary, at each reporting period.
+Added: Revenues, inclusive of variable consideration, are recognized to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal recognized will not occur in future periods.
+Added: The allowance for credit losses is determined by evaluating past events and historical loss experience, current events and also future events based on the expectation as of the balance sheet date.
+Added: For additional information regarding Deflecto’s net revenues, refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
+Added: Estimate of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves and Values and Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows
+Added: Estimates of crude oil, natural gas and NGL reserves, as determined by independent petroleum engineers, are continually subject to revision based on price, production history and other factors.
+Added: Estimated crude oil, natural gas and NGL reserves affect the carrying value of oil and gas properties, depreciation, depletion and amortizations, asset retirement obligations, and evaluation of impairment of oil and natural gas properties.
Changes in the estimated reserves could have a significant impact on future results of operations.
+Added: Refer to the Unaudited Supplemental Information on Oil and Natural Gas Properties included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional discussion of our net proved reserves and Standardized Measure.
Valuation of Long-lived Assets, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The Company reviews long-lived assets, patents and other intangible assets for potential impairment annually (quarterly for patents) and when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
−Removed: In the event the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded in an amount equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value.
+Added: In the event the expected undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount of
+Added: the asset, an impairment loss is recorded in an amount equal to the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value.
If an asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured based on quoted market prices in active markets, if available.
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If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, then the excess, limited to the carrying amount of goodwill, will be charged to operations as an impairment loss.
−Removed: The Company's goodwill balance relates to primarily Printronix, which was acquired on October 7, 2021, and Benchmark, which was acquired on November 13, 2023, refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
+Added: The Company’s goodwill balance relates to primarily Printronix, which was acquired on October 7, 2021, Benchmark, which was acquired on November 13, 2023, and Deflecto, which was acquired on October 18, 2024, refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
The Company did not record any goodwill impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
−Removed: Valuation of Series B Warrants
−Removed: The fair value of the Series B Warrants are estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
−Removed: Refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for detailed information related to these fair value measurements.
−Removed: Of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, volatility changes would have the most significant impact on the fair value.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the Series B Warrants is zero.
−Removed: Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
−Removed: Valuation of Embedded Derivatives
−Removed: Embedded derivatives that are required to be bifurcated from their host contract are valued separately from the host instrument.
−Removed: An as-converted value was used to estimate the fair value of the embedded derivative in the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock when it was outstanding.
−Removed: Refer to Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for detailed information related to this fair value measurement.
−Removed: Of the assumptions used in the as-converted model, discount rate changes had the most significant impact on the fair value.
−Removed: As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of the embedded derivative in the Series A Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock is zero because it is no longer outstanding.
−Removed: Refer to Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
Accounting for Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate.
−Removed: This process involves the estimating of our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items.
+Added: This process involves the estimating of our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from recognition differences between the tax code and U.S.
These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets.
11 unchanged sentences
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
−Removed: Refer to Note 2 to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
+Added: The effects of accounting standards adopted in 2024 and the potential effects of accounting standards to be adopted in the future are described in Note 2 to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein.
Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.