PERMA FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES INC 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 Form 10-Q ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025 Or ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from ___________________to _________________ Commission File No. 001-11596 PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. PERMA FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 58-1954497 (IRS Employer Identification Number) 8302 Dunwoody Place , Suite 250 , Atlanta , GA (Address of principal executive offices) 30350 (Zip Code) (770) 587-9898 (Registrant’s telephone number) N/A (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $.001 Par Value PESI Nasdaq Capital Markets Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated Filer ☐ Non-accelerated Filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock, as of the close of the latest practical date. Class Outstanding at August 4, 2025 Common Stock, $ .001 Par Value 18,470,201 shares PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. INDEX Page No. PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION 1 Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 1 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 1 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 3 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 4 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity - Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 5 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows -Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 6 Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 7 Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 23 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 36 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 36 PART II OTHER INFORMATION 36 Item 1. Legal Proceedings 36 Item 1A. Risk Factors 36 Item 6. Exhibits 36 PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. – Financial Statements PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets 2025 December 31, June 30, 2025 December 31, (Amounts in Thousands, Except for Share and Per Share Amounts) (Unaudited) 2024 ASSETS Current assets: Cash $ 22,594 $ 28,975 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 248 and $ 202 , respectively 8,559 11,579 Unbilled receivables 6,287 4,990 Inventories 1,400 1,350 Prepaid and other assets 3,277 3,309 Current assets related to discontinued operations 33 20 Total current assets 42,150 50,223 Property and equipment: Buildings and land 24,680 24,717 Equipment 24,170 23,499 Vehicles 411 411 Leasehold improvements 8 8 Office furniture and equipment 1,113 1,082 Construction-in-progress 3,762 2,949 Total property and equipment 54,144 52,666 Less accumulated depreciation ( 32,291 ) ( 31,533 ) Net property and equipment 21,853 21,133 Property and equipment related to discontinued operations 130 130 Operating lease right-of-use assets 1,529 1,697 Intangibles and other long term assets: Permits 10,602 10,531 Other intangible assets - net 368 393 Finite risk sinking fund (restricted cash) 12,952 12,680 Other assets 624 461 Total assets $ 90,208 $ 97,248 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 1 PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Continued June 30, 2025 December 31, (Amounts in Thousands, Except for Share and per Share Amounts) (Unaudited) 2024 LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 5,204 $ 6,373 Accrued expenses 4,600 5,111 Disposal/transportation accrual 2,473 2,271 Deferred revenue 6,982 6,711 Accrued closure costs - current 15 50 Current portion of long-term debt 538 550 Current portion of operating lease liabilities 372 345 Current portion of finance lease liabilities 264 285 Current liabilities related to discontinued operations 221 244 Total current liabilities 20,669 21,940 Accrued closure costs 8,545 8,290 Long-term debt, less current portion 1,485 1,765 Long-term operating lease liabilities, less current portion 1,238 1,427 Long-term finance lease liabilities, less current portion 497 491 Long-term liabilities related to discontinued operations 948 945 Total long-term liabilities 12,713 12,918 Total liabilities 33,382 34,858 Commitments and Contingencies (Note 9) - - Stockholders’ Equity: Preferred Stock, $ .001 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding — — Common Stock, $ .001 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 18,459,869 and 18,384,879 shares issued, respectively; 18,452,227 and 18,377,237 shares outstanding, respectively 18 18 Additional paid-in capital 160,256 159,590 Accumulated deficit ( 103,219 ) ( 96,930 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss ( 141 ) ( 200 ) Less Common Stock in treasury, at cost; 7,642 shares ( 88 ) ( 88 ) Total stockholders’ equity 56,826 62,390 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 90,208 $ 97,248 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 2 PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) (Amounts in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, (Amounts in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net revenues $ 14,586 $ 13,986 $ 28,505 $ 27,603 Cost of goods sold 13,039 15,292 26,301 29,529 Gross profit (loss) 1,547 ( 1,306 ) 2,204 ( 1,926 ) Selling, general and administrative expenses 4,130 3,455 8,145 6,999 Research and development 312 273 695 569 (Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment ( 1 ) 1 ( 6 ) 1 Loss from operations ( 2,894 ) ( 5,035 ) ( 6,630 ) ( 9,495 ) Other income (expense): Interest income 301 213 636 387 Interest expense ( 124 ) ( 109 ) ( 236 ) ( 225 ) Interest expense-financing fees ( 21 ) ( 16 ) ( 41 ) ( 29 ) Other 155 1 188 2 Loss from continuing operations before taxes ( 2,583 ) ( 4,946 ) ( 6,083 ) ( 9,360 ) Income tax benefit — ( 1,161 ) — ( 2,117 ) Loss from continuing operations, net of taxes ( 2,583 ) ( 3,785 ) ( 6,083 ) ( 7,243 ) Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes (Note 10) ( 133 ) ( 166 ) ( 206 ) ( 268 ) Net loss $ ( 2,716 ) $ ( 3,951 ) $ ( 6,289 ) $ ( 7,511 ) Net loss per common share - basic and diluted: Continuing operations $ ( .14 ) $ ( .26 ) $ ( .33 ) $ ( .51 ) Discontinued operations ( .01 ) ( .01 ) ( .01 ) ( .02 ) Net loss per common share $ ( .15 ) $ ( .27 ) $ ( .34 ) $ ( .53 ) Weighted average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share: Basic 18,448 14,593 18,436 14,134 Diluted 18,448 14,593 18,436 14,134 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 3 PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) (Amounts in Thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, (Amounts in Thousands) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net loss $ ( 2,716 ) $ ( 3,951 ) $ ( 6,289 ) $ ( 7,511 ) Other comprehensive income (loss): Foreign currency translation gain (loss) 42 ( 31 ) 59 ( 87 ) Total other comprehensive income (loss) 42 ( 31 ) 59 ( 87 ) Comprehensive loss $ ( 2,674 ) $ ( 3,982 ) $ ( 6,230 ) $ ( 7,598 ) The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 4 PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) (Amounts in thousands, except for share amounts) Shares Amount Capital In Treasury Loss Deficit Equity Common Stock Additional Paid-In Common Stock Held Accumulated Other Comprehensive Accumulated Total Stockholders’ Shares Amount Capital In Treasury Loss Deficit Equity Balance at December 31, 2024 18,384,879 $ 18 $ 159,590 $ ( 88 ) $ ( 200 ) $ ( 96,930 ) $ 62,390 Net loss — — — — — ( 3,573 ) ( 3,573 ) Foreign currency translation — — — — 17 — 17 Issuance of Common Stock for services 10,565 — 117 — — — 117 Issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of options 40,591 — 41 — — — 41 Stock-Based Compensation — — 196 — — — 196 Balance at March 31, 2025 18,436,035 $ 18 $ 159,944 $ ( 88 ) $ ( 183 ) $ ( 100,503 ) $ 59,188 Net loss — — — — — ( 2,716 ) ( 2,716 ) Foreign currency translation — — — — 42 — 42 Issuance of Common Stock for services 16,179 — 118 — — — 118 Issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of options 7,655 — 8 — — — 8 Stock-Based Compensation — — 186 — — — 186 Balance at June 30, 2025 18,459,869 $ 18 $ 160,256 $ ( 88 ) $ ( 141 ) $ ( 103,219 ) $ 56,826 Balance at December 31, 2023 13,654,201 $ 14 $ 116,502 $ ( 88 ) $ ( 100 ) $ ( 76,951 ) $ 39,377 Net loss — — — — — ( 3,560 ) ( 3,560 ) Foreign currency translation — — — — ( 56 ) — ( 56 ) Issuance of Common Stock for services 14,963 — 118 — — — 118 Issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of options 31,416 — 104 — — — 104 Issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of warrant 30,000 — 105 — — — 105 Stock-Based Compensation — — 152 — — — 152 Balance at March 31, 2024 13,730,580 $ 14 $ 116,981 $ ( 88 ) $ ( 156 ) $ ( 80,511 ) $ 36,240 Balance 13,730,580 $ 14 $ 116,981 $ ( 88 ) $ ( 156 ) $ ( 80,511 ) $ 36,240 Net loss — — — — — ( 3,951 ) ( 3,951 ) Foreign currency translation — — — — ( 31 ) — ( 31 ) Issuance of Common Stock for services 9,965 — 120 — — — 120 Issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of options 4,201 — 9 — — — 9 Sale of Common Stock, net of offering costs 2,051,282 2 18,113 — — — 18,115 Issuance of warrants from sale of Common Stock — — 331 — — — 331 Stock-Based Compensation — — 132 — — — 132 Balance at June 30, 2024 15,796,028 $ 16 $ 135,686 $ ( 88 ) $ ( 187 ) $ ( 84,462 ) $ 50,965 Balance 15,796,028 $ 16 $ 135,686 $ ( 88 ) $ ( 187 ) $ ( 84,462 ) $ 50,965 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 5 PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Amounts in Thousands) 2025 2024 Six Months Ended June 30, (Amounts in Thousands) 2025 2024 Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss $ ( 6,289 ) $ ( 7,511 ) Less: loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes (Note 10) ( 206 ) ( 268 ) Loss from continuing operations, net of taxes ( 6,083 ) ( 7,243 ) Adjustments to reconcile loss from continuing operations to cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 873 862 Amortization of debt issuance costs 42 29 Deferred tax benefit — ( 2,117 ) Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on accounts receivable 46 ( 12 ) (Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment ( 6 ) 1 Issuance of common stock for services 235 238 Stock-based compensation 382 284 Changes in operating assets and liabilities of continuing operations Accounts receivable 2,974 3,311 Unbilled receivables ( 1,297 ) 1,356 Prepaid expenses, inventories and other assets 463 1,670 Accounts payable, accrued expenses and unearned revenue ( 1,402 ) ( 3,949 ) Cash used in continuing operations ( 3,773 ) ( 5,570 ) Cash used in discontinued operations ( 222 ) ( 245 ) Cash used in operating activities ( 3,995 ) ( 5,815 ) Cash flows from investing activities: Purchases of property and equipment, net of financed amount ( 1,432 ) ( 841 ) Additions to permits and other intangible assets ( 74 ) ( 502 ) Proceeds from sale of property and equipment 33 1 Cash used in continuing operations ( 1,473 ) ( 1,342 ) Cash used in discontinued operations ( 16 ) ( 49 ) Cash used in investing activities ( 1,489 ) ( 1,391 ) Cash flows from financing activities: Repayments of revolving credit borrowings ( 37,708 ) ( 56,393 ) Borrowing on revolving credit 37,708 56,393 Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock upon exercise of options/warrant 49 218 Proceeds from sale of Common Stock completed in May 2024, net of offering costs paid — 18,636 Payment of offering costs from sale of Common Stock completed in December 2024 ( 194 ) — Principal repayments of finance lease liabilities ( 148 ) ( 146 ) Principal repayments of long term debt ( 313 ) ( 520 ) Payment of debt issuance costs ( 20 ) ( 61 ) Cash (used in) provided by financing activities of continuing operations ( 626 ) 18,127 Effect of exchange rate changes on cash 1 ( 1 ) (Decrease) increase in cash and finite risk sinking fund (restricted cash) ( 6,109 ) 10,920 Cash and finite risk sinking fund (restricted cash) at beginning of period 41,655 19,574 Cash and finite risk sinking fund (restricted cash) at end of period $ 35,546 $ 30,494 Supplemental disclosure: Interest paid $ 229 $ 227 Income taxes paid — 50 Non-cash financing activities: Equipment purchase subject to finance — 44 Equipment purchase subject to finance leases 132 — The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements. 6 PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements June 30, 2025 (Unaudited) 1. Basis of Presentation The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by the Company (which may be referred to as we, us or our), without an audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes the disclosures which are made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. Further, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of operations as of and for the periods indicated. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. Immaterial Correction of an Error The Company reclassified $ 502,000 of cash outlay for permits and other intangible assets, which was included in “Prepaid expenses, inventories and other assets” within cash used in operating activities to cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024, in its condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. This correction of an error was immaterial and had no effect on the condensed consolidated statements of operations, balance sheets and stockholders’ equity. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Our accounting policies are as set forth in the notes to the December 31, 2024, consolidated financial statements referred to above. Recently Issued Accounting Standards –Adopted In August 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-05, “Business Combinations—Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement.” ASU 2023-05 applies to the formation of a “joint venture” or a “corporate joint venture” and requires a joint venture to initially measure all contributions received upon its formation at fair value. The guidance does not impact accounting by the venturers. The new guidance is applicable to joint venture entities with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2023-05 by the Company on January 1, 2025, had no impact to its condensed consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards – Not Yet Adopted In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement— Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,” which enhances the disclosures required for certain expense captions in the Company’s annual and interim consolidated financial statements. ASU 2024-03 is effective prospectively or retrospectively for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its disclosures. 7 In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. ASU 2023-09 will become effective starting with the Company’s annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its disclosures. 3. Revenue Disaggregation of Revenue In general, the Company’s business segmentation is aligned according to the nature and economic characteristics of our services and provides meaningful disaggregation of each business segment’s results of operations. The nature of the Company’s performance obligations within our Treatment and Services Segments results in the recognition of our revenue primarily over time. The following tables present further disaggregation of our revenues by different categories for our Services and Treatment Segments: Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue Treatment Services Total Treatment Services Total Revenue by Contract Type (In thousands) Three Months Ended Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Treatment Services Total Treatment Services Total Fixed price $ 11,397 $ 877 $ 12,274 $ 8,343 $ 4,755 $ 13,098 Time and materials — 2,312 2,312 — 888 888 Total $ 11,397 $ 3,189 $ 14,586 $ 8,343 $ 5,643 $ 13,986 Treatment Services Total Treatment Services Total Revenue by Contract Type (In thousands) Six Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Treatment Services Total Treatment Services Total Fixed price $ 20,583 $ 3,807 $ 24,390 $ 17,052 $ 9,069 $ 26,121 Time and materials — 4,115 4,115 — 1,482 1,482 Total $ 20,583 $ 7,922 $ 28,505 $ 17,052 $ 10,551 $ 27,603 Treatment Services Total Treatment Services Total Revenue by generator (In thousands) Three Months Ended Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Treatment Services Total Treatment Services Total Domestic government $ 7,146 $ 2,752 $ 9,898 $ 6,252 $ 4,168 $ 10,420 Domestic commercial 3,323 333 3,656 1,721 1,363 3,084 Foreign government 617 70 687 1 88 89 Foreign commercial 311 34 345 369 24 393 Total $ 11,397 $ 3,189 $ 14,586 $ 8,343 $ 5,643 $ 13,986 Treatment Services Total Treatment Services Total Revenue by generator (In thousands) Six Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 June 30, 2024 Treatment Services Total Treatment Services Total Domestic government $ 12,396 7,286 $ 19,682 $ 12,013 $ 8,471 $ 20,484 Domestic commercial 4,790 444 5,234 4,222 1,867 6,089 Foreign government 2,824 124 2,948 1 167 168 Foreign commercial 573 68 641 816 46 862 Total $ 20,583 $ 7,922 $ 28,505 $ 17,052 $ 10,551 $ 27,603 8 Contract Balances The timing of revenue recognition and billings can result in unbilled receivables (contract assets). The Company’s contract liabilities consist of deferred revenues which represent advance payment from customers in advance of the completion of the Company’s performance obligation. The following table represents changes in our contract asset and contract liabilities balances for the periods noted: Schedule of Contract Balances Year-to-date Year-to-date (In thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Change ($) Change (%) Contract assets Unbilled receivables - current $ 6,287 $ 4,990 $ 1,297 26.0 % Contract liabilities Deferred revenue $ 6,982 $ 6,711 $ 271 4.0 % Year-to-date Year-to-date (In thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Change ($) Change (%) Contract assets Unbilled receivables - current $ 7,076 $ 8,432 $ ( 1,356 ) - 16.1 % Contract liabilities Deferred revenue $ 5,818 $ 6,815 $ ( 997 ) - 14.6 % During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company recognized revenue of $ 954,000 and $ 3,888,000 , respectively, related to untreated waste that was in the Company’s control as of the beginning of such respective year. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $ 1,754,000 and $ 4,919,000 , respectively, related to untreated waste that was in the Company’s control as of the beginning of such respective year. Revenue recognized in each period related to performance obligations satisfied within the respective period. Accounts Receivable The following table represents changes in accounts receivable, net of credit losses, for the periods noted: Schedule of Changes in Accounts Receivable, Net of Credit Losses Year-to-date Year-to-date (In thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Change ($) Change (%) Accounts Receivable (net) $ 8,559 $ 11,579 $ ( 3,020 ) - 26.1 % Year-to-date Year-to-date June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Change ($) Change (%) Accounts Receivable (net) $ 6,423 $ 9,722 $ ( 3,299 ) - 33.9 % Remaining Performance Obligations The Company applies the practical expedient in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606-10-50-14 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less. Within our Services Segment, there are service contracts which provide that the Company has a right to consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-55-18, which allows the Company to recognize revenue in the amount for which we have the right to invoice; accordingly, the Company does not disclose the value of remaining performance obligations for those contracts. The Company’s contracts and subcontracts relating to activities at governmental sites generally allow for termination for convenience at any time at the government’s option without payment of a substantial penalty. The Company does not disclose remaining performance obligations on these contracts. 9 4. Leases At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease based on facts and circumstances present in that arrangement. Lease classifications, recognition, and measurement are then determined at the lease commencement date. The Company’s operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities include primarily leases for office and warehouse spaces used to conduct our business. Finance leases primarily consist of lab, processing and transport equipment used by our facilities’ operations. The components of lease cost for the Company’s leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 were as follows (in thousands): Schedule of Components of Lease Cost 2025 2024 2025 2024 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Operating Leases: Lease cost $ 121 $ 149 $ 242 $ 292 Finance Leases: Amortization of ROU assets 64 65 127 131 Interest on lease liability 25 21 48 43 Finance lease 89 86 175 174 Short-term lease rent expense 2 2 4 2 Total lease cost $ 212 $ 237 $ 421 $ 468 The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate for operating and finance leases as of June 30, 2025, were: Schedule of Weighted Average Lease Operating Leases Finance Leases Weighted average remaining lease terms (years) 4.3 3.6 Weighted average discount rate 7.7 % 9.5 % The weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate for operating and finance leases at June 30, 2024, were: Operating Leases Finance Leases Weighted average remaining lease terms (years) 5.0 4.1 Weighted average discount rate 7.4 % 8.9 % 10 The following table reconciles the undiscounted cash flows for the operating and finance leases as of June 30, 2025, to the operating and finance lease liabilities recorded on the balance sheet (in thousands): Schedule of Operating and Finance Lease Liability Maturity Operating Leases Finance Leases 2025 (Remaining) $ 249 $ 191 2026 479 231 2027 447 197 2028 343 174 2029 334 112 2030 and thereafter 73 — Total undiscounted lease payments 1,925 905 Less: Imputed interest ( 315 ) ( 144 ) Present value of lease payments $ 1,610 $ 761 Current portion of operating lease obligations $ 372 $ — Long-term operating lease obligations, less current portion $ 1,238 $ — Current portion of finance lease obligations $ — $ 264 Long-term finance lease obligations, less current portion $ — $ 497 Supplemental cash flow and other information related to our leases were as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 (in thousands): Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow and Other Information Related to Leases 2025 2024 2025 2024 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: Operating cash flow used in operating leases $ 123 $ 149 $ 236 $ 296 Operating cash flow used in finance leases $ 25 $ 21 $ 48 $ 43 Financing cash flow used in finance leases $ 77 $ 71 $ 148 $ 146 ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations for: Finance liabilities $ — $ — $ 132 $ — Operating liabilities $ — $ 497 $ — $ 497 5. Intangible Assets The following table summarizes information relating to the Company’s definite-lived intangible assets: Schedule of Definite Lived Intangible Assets June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Other Intangibles (amount in thousands) Weighted Average Amortization Period (Years) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Patents 5.9 $ 756 $ ( 446 ) $ 310 $ 753 $ ( 435 ) $ 318 Software 3 666 ( 608 ) 58 666 ( 591 ) 75 Total $ 1,422 $ ( 1,054 ) $ 368 $ 1,419 $ ( 1,026 ) $ 393 The intangible assets noted above are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives. The following table summarizes the expected amortization over the next five years for our definite-lived intangible assets: Schedule of Finite Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense Amount Year (In thousands) 2025 (Remaining) $ 26 2026 49 2027 30 2028 21 2029 18 11 Amortization expenses relating to the definite-lived intangible assets as discussed above were $ 13,000 and $ 28,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $ 23,000 and $ 47,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. 6. Capital Stock, Stock Plans, Warrants and Stock Based Compensation The Company has certain stock option plans under which it may award incentive stock options (“ISOs”) and/or non-qualified stock options (“NQSOs”) to employees, officers, outside directors, and outside consultants. In connection with the appointment of Mr. Troy Eshleman to the position of Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) on January 23, 2025, the Compensation and Stock Option Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) recommended, and the Board approved, the grant to Mr. Eshleman of an ISO for the purchase, under the Company’s 2017 Stock Option Plan (the “2017 Plan”), of up to 50,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $ .001 (the “Common Stock”). The ISO has a six-year 6 term and vests at 20 % per year over a five-year 5 period, commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date. The exercise price of the ISO is $ 10.70 per share, which equals the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock as quoted on NASDAQ on the grant date. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation recognized for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 for our employee and director stock options. Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs 2025 2024 2025 2024 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Stock Options June 30, June 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Employee Stock Options $ 96,000 $ 72,000 $ 203,000 $ 163,000 Director Stock Options 90,000 60,000 179,000 121,000 Total $ 186,000 $ 132,000 $ 382,000 $ 284,000 As of June 30, 2025, the Company had approximately $ 1,742,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested options for employee and directors. The weighted average period over which the unrecognized compensation costs are expected to be recognized is approximately 2.9 years. The summary of the Company’s total Stock Option Plans as of June 30, 2025, and June 30, 2024, and changes during the periods then ended, are presented below. The Company’s Plans consist of the 2017 Plan and the 2003 Outside Directors Stock Plan (the “2003 Plan”): Schedule of Stock Options Roll Forward Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (5) Options outstanding January 1, 2025 1,000,900 $ 6.18 - Granted 50,000 $ 10.70 Exercised ( 69,500 ) $ 3.91 $ 459,305 Forfeited ( 17,000 ) $ 8.72 Options outstanding end of period (1) 964,400 $ 6.54 4.6 $ 3,846,034 Options exercisable at June 30, 2025 (2) 398,500 $ 5.73 3.9 $ 1,908,857 12 Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (5) Options outstanding January 1, 2024 994,500 $ 5.57 - Granted 45,000 $ 7.75 Exercised ( 49,900 ) $ 5.63 $ 245,982 Forfeited ( 44,000 ) $ 6.05 Options outstanding end of period (3) 945,600 $ 5.65 4.6 $ 4,232,804 Options exercisable at June 30, 2024 (4) 343,900 $ 5.05 3.5 $ 1,747,136 (1) Options with exercise price ranging from $ 3.31 to $ 10.70 . (2) Options with exercise price ranging from $ 3.31 to $ 9.81 . (3) Options with exercise price ranging from $ 3.15 to $ 9.81 . (4) Options with exercise price ranging from $ 3.15 to $ 7.50 . (5) The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company issued a total of 26,744 shares of its Common Stock under the 2003 Plan to its outside directors as compensation for serving on the Company’s Board. The Company recorded approximately $ 239,000 in compensation expenses (included in selling, general and administration (“SG&A”) expenses) in connection with the issuance of shares of its Common Stock to outside directors. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company issued an aggregate 33,746 shares of its Common Stock from cashless exercises of options for the purchase of 55,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock ranging from $ 3.15 to $ 7.75 per share. Additionally, the Company issued an aggregate 14,500 shares of its Common Stock from cash exercises of options for the purchase of 14,500 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, at exercise prices of $ 3.15 and $ 3.95 per share, resulting in proceeds of approximately $ 49,000 . In connection with the Company’s sales of its Common Stock in May 2024 and December 2024, the Company issued warrants to certain underwriter, placement agents and their designees to purchase up to an aggregate 188,038 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at exercise prices of $ 11.50 and $ 12.19 per share. These warrants remained outstanding as of June 30, 2025. 13 7. Loss Per Share Basic loss per share is calculated based on the weighted-average number of outstanding common shares during the applicable period. Diluted loss per share is based on the weighted-average number of outstanding common shares plus the weighted-average number of potential outstanding common shares. In periods where they are anti-dilutive, such amounts are excluded from the calculations of dilutive earnings per share. The following table reconciles the loss and average share amounts used to compute both basic and diluted loss per share: Schedule of Earnings Per Share 2025 2024 2025 2024 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, (Amounts in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts) (Unaudited) (Unaudited) 2025 2024 2025 2024 Loss per common share from continuing operations Loss from continuing operations, net of taxes $ ( 2,583 ) $ ( 3,785 ) $ ( 6,083 ) $ ( 7,243 ) Basic loss per share $ ( .14 ) $ ( .26 ) $ ( .33 ) $ ( .51 ) Diluted loss per share $ ( .14 ) $ ( .26 ) $ ( .33 ) $ ( .51 ) Loss per common share from discontinued operations, net of taxes Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes $ ( 133 ) $ ( 166 ) $ ( 206 ) $ ( 268 ) Basic loss per share $ ( .01 ) $ ( .01 ) $ ( .01 ) $ ( .02 ) Diluted loss per share $ ( .01 ) $ ( .01 ) $ ( .01 ) $ ( .02 ) Net loss per common share Net loss $ ( 2,716 ) $ ( 3,951 ) $ ( 6,289 ) $ ( 7,511 ) Basic loss per share $ ( .15 ) $ ( .27 ) $ ( .34 ) $ ( .53 ) Diluted loss per share $ ( .15 ) $ ( .27 ) $ ( .34 ) $ ( .53 ) Weighted average shares outstanding: Basic weighted average shares outstanding 18,448 14,593 18,436 14,134 Add: dilutive effect of stock options — — — — Add: dilutive effect of warrants — — — — Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 18,448 14,593 18,436 14,134 For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, 1,152,438 and 1,146,361 weighted average number of shares of common stock underlying options and warrants, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, 971,297 and 954,245 weighted average number of shares of common stock underlying options and warrants, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive. 8. Long Term Debt Long-term debt consists of the following as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024: Schedule of Long Term Debt (Amounts in Thousands) June 30, 2025 December 31, 2024 Revolving Credit facility dated May 8, 2020, borrowings based upon eligible accounts receivable, subject to monthly borrowing base calculation, balance due on May 15, 2027. Effective interest rates for first six months of 2025 was 9.5% (1) $ — $ — Revolving Credit facility dated May 8, 2020, borrowings based upon eligible accounts receivable, subject to monthly borrowing base calculation, balance due on May 15, 2027 . Effective interest rates for first six months of 2025 was 9.5 % (1) $ — $ — Term Loan dated July 31, 2023, payable in equal monthly installments of principal, balance due on May 15, 2027 . Effective interest rates for first six months of 2025 was 8.3 % (1) 1,583 1,834 Capital Loan dated May 4, 2021, payable in equal monthly installments of principal, balance due on May 15, 2027 . Effective interest rates for first six months of 2025 was 7.8 % (1) 201 253 Debt Issuance Costs (2) ( 157 ) (2) ( 178 ) (2) Notes Payable up to 2044, with annual interest rates ranging from 8.2 % to 10.7 % (3) 396 406 Total debt 2,023 2,315 Less current portion of long-term debt 538 550 Long-term debt $ 1,485 $ 1,765 (1) Our Revolving Credit facility is collateralized by our accounts receivable, and our Term loan and Capital loan are collateralized by our property, plant, and equipment. (2) Aggregate unamortized debt issuance costs in connection with the Company’s Credit Facility, which consists of the Revolving Credit, Terms loan and Capital loan, as applicable. (3) Includes a promissory note entered into on July 24, 2024, in connection with the purchase of the Company’s Oak Ridge Environmental Waste Operations Center (“EWOC”) property which include a variable interest rate provision, which interest rate will be adjusted at the end of years five, ten and fifteen from the date of the note. 14 Credit Facility The Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit, Term Loan and Security Agreement, dated May 8, 2020, which has since been amended, with PNC National Association (“PNC” and “lender”), acting as agent and lender (the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement provides the Company with a credit facility with a maturity date of May 15, 2027 (the “Credit Facility”) which consists of the following as of June 30, 2025: (a) up to $ 12,500,000 revolving credit (the “Revolving Credit”), which borrowing capacity is subject to eligible receivables (as defined) and reduced by outstanding standby letters of credit ($ 3,200,000 as of June 30, 2025) and borrowing reductions that the Company’s lender may impose from time to time ($ 750,000 as of June 30, 2025); (b) a term loan (the “Term Loan”) of $ 2,500,000 , requiring monthly installments of $ 41,667 ; and (c) a capital expenditure loan (the “Capital Loan”) of approximately $ 524,000 , requiring monthly installments of principal of approximately $ 8,700 plus interest. Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, payments of annual interest rates are as follows: (i) interest due on the Revolving Credit is at prime (7.50% at June 30, 2025) plus 2% or Secured Overnight Finance Rate (“SOFR”) (as defined in the Loan Agreement) plus 3.00% plus an SOFR Adjustment applicable for an interest period selected by the Company; (ii) interest due on the Capital Loan is at prime plus 2.50% or SOFR plus 3.50% plus an SOFR Adjustment applicable for an interest period selected by the Company; and (iii) interest due on the Term Loan is at prime plus 3% or SOFR plus 4.00% plus an SOFR Adjustment applicable for an interest period selected by the Company. SOFR Adjustment rates of 0.10% and 0.15% are applicable for a one-month interest period and three-month period, respectively, that may be selected by the Company . The Company agreed to pay PNC 0.5% of the total financing if the Company pays off its obligations after July 31, 2024, to and including July 31, 2025. No early termination fee shall apply if the Company pays off its obligations under Loan Agreement, as amended, after July 31, 2025 . On March 11, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment to its Loan Agreement with its lender which provided the following, among other things: ● removed the quarterly fixed charge coverage ratio (“FCCR”) covenant testing requirement utilizing a twelve-month trailing basis; however, such FCCR testing requirement will be triggered on the day the Company fails to meet a minimum of $ 5,000,000 in daily Liquidity (defined under the Loan Agreement as borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit plus cash in the money market deposit account (“MMDA”) maintained with the Company’s lender). If triggered, the Company will be required to show compliance of a FCCR ratio of not less than 1.15 to 1.00 utilizing a trailing twelve-month-period ended starting with the most recently reported fiscal quarter and each fiscal quarter thereafter. The FCCR testing requirement can be removed again once the Company is able to achieve a minimum of $ 5,000,000 in daily Liquidity for a thirty-consecutive-day period from the trigger date; ● revised the Facility Fee (as defined) from .375% to .500%. Such fee percentage will revert back to 0.375% at such time that the Company is able to achieve a minimum 1.15 to 1.00 ratio in FCCR on a twelve-month trailing basis ; and ● required payment of an amendment fee of $ 12,500 , by the Company which is being amortized over the remaining term of the Loan Agreement as interest expense-financing fees. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had no outstanding borrowing under its Revolving Credit and its Liquidity was approximately $ 25,440,000 . 15 The Company’s Loan Agreement, as amended, with PNC contains certain financial covenant requirements, along with customary representations and warranties. A breach of any of these financial covenant requirements, unless waived by PNC, could result in a default under the Company’s Loan Agreement allowing its lender to immediately require the repayment of all outstanding debt under the Company’s Loan Agreement and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. The Company met all of its financial covenant requirements in the first and second quarters of 2025. 9. Commitments and Contingencies Hazardous Waste In connection with our waste management services, the Company processes hazardous, non-hazardous, low-level radioactive and mixed (containing both hazardous and low-level radioactive) waste, which we transport to our own, or other, facilities for destruction or disposal. As a result of disposing of hazardous substances, in the event any cleanup is required at the disposal site, the Company could be a potentially responsible party for the costs of the cleanup notwithstanding any absence of fault on our part. Legal Matters In the normal course of conducting our business, the Company may be involved in various litigation. The Company is not a party to any litigation or governmental proceeding which our management believes could result in any judgments or fines against us that would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity or results of future operations. Tetra Tech EC, Inc. (“Tetra Tech”) During July 2020, Tetra Tech EC, Inc. (“Tetra Tech”) filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (the “Court”) against CH2M Hill, Inc. (“CH2M”) and four subcontractors of CH2M, including the Company (“Defendants”). The complaint alleges various claims, including a claim for negligence, negligent misrepresentation, equitable indemnification and related business claims against all Defendants related to alleged damages suffered by Tetra Tech in respect of certain draft reports prepared by Defendants at the request of the U.S. Navy as part of an investigation and review of certain whistleblower complaints about Tetra Tech’s environmental restoration at the Hunter’s Point Naval Shipyard in San Francisco. CH2M was hired by the Navy in 2016 to review Tetra Tech’s work. CH2M subcontracted with environmental consulting and cleanup firms Battelle Memorial Institute, Cabrera Services, Inc., SC&A, Inc. and the Company to assist with the review, according to the complaint. The Company’s insurance carrier provided a defense on our behalf in connection with this lawsuit, subject to a $ 100,000 self-insured retention and the terms and limitations contained in the insurance policy. The majority of Tetra Tech’s claims were previously dismissed by the Court. The remaining claims of intentional interference with contractual relations and inducing a breach of contract were dismissed by the Court pursuant to Defendants’ request for summary judgment. Tetra Tech appealed the dismissal of the remaining two claims and subsequently agreed to withdraw its appeal, which the Court dismissed at Tetra Tech’s request. The litigation was resolved as of March 31, 2025, and Tetra Tech released and forever discharged the Company from any and all claims arising out of or in any way related to the complaint. Michael O’Neill On November 25, 2024, purported shareholder Michael O’Neill filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company and all current directors of the Company, asserting individual and class action claims for alleged breach of contract and breach of fiduciary duty. The case is styled Michael O’Neill v. Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc., et al., C.A. No. 2024-1211-PAF. 16 The complaint purports to be brought by the named plaintiff individually and on behalf of all “similarly situated Perma-Fix stockholders.” According to the complaint, defendants allegedly made materially false and misleading statements in its proxy statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 8, 2023 regarding the effect of broker non-votes. In particular, the complaint alleges that defendants incorrectly stated in the proxy statement that broker non-votes would have no effect on the vote solicited to approve an amendment to the Company’s 2017 Stock Option Plan to increase by 600,000 shares the number of shares of Common Stock issuable under the plan, resulting in an alleged defective approval of the plan amendment. As of the date of this Form 10-Q, the Company has not issued any options under the plan relating to the additional shares included in the plan amendment. The Company believes that the complaint is without merit. The Company and the individual defendants are vigorously defending against the complaint. The Company’s insurance carrier is providing a defense in connection with this lawsuit, subject to a $ 1,000,000 self-insured retention and the terms and limitations contained in the insurance policy. Shareholder Demand Letter The Company’s Board received a demand letter, dated February 4, 2025 (the “Letter”), from a putative shareholder of the Company, claiming that a provision in the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”), requiring shareholders, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to indemnify the Company for attorneys’ fees in certain corporate proceedings in which the shareholder is not the prevailing party, must be removed. This provision of the Company’s Bylaws was adopted in 2012 when the Company adopted its Amended and Restated Bylaws. The statute prohibiting certain reimbursements of attorneys’ fees was adopted in 2015. The Letter demands that the Board amend its Bylaws to remove the particular provision in question. After reviewing the Letter, the Board established a Demand Review Committee (the “Committee”) to review, analyze and evaluate the shareholder demand received above, and to make recommendations to the Board with respect to such demand. The Committee was ad hoc, in that the composition of the Committee will necessarily change in response to the specific shareholder demand. Initial members of the Committee are comprised of Board members who were not members of the Board in 2012 when the Company adopted its Bylaws and are disinterested and independent with respect to the matters set forth in the Letter discussed above. The Committee was authorized to engage, at the Company’s expense, experts and advisors that the Committee deems appropriate to assist in its review and determination. Based on the Committee’s review and analysis of the demand and the current case law, in connection with the above Letter, the Committee recommended to the Board to reject such demand as being baseless. Based on the Committee’s recommendation to the Board, the Board determined that the demand is meritless and rejected such demand. Insurance The Company has a 25 -year finite risk insurance policy entered into in June 2003 (“2003 Closure Policy”) with AIG Specialty Insurance Company (“AIG”), which provides financial assurance to the applicable states for our permitted facilities in the event of unforeseen closure. The 2003 Closure Policy, as amended, provides for a maximum allowable coverage of $ 28,177,000 which includes available capacity to allow for annual inflation and other performance and surety bond requirements. Total coverage under the 2003 Closure Policy, as amended, was $ 23,951,000 as of June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, finite risk sinking funds contributed by the Company related to the 2003 Closure Policy which is included in other long term assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets totaled $ 12,952,000 and $ 12,680,000 , respectively, which included interest earned of $ 3,481,000 and $ 3,209,000 on the finite risk sinking funds as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. Interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, was approximately $ 128,000 and $ 272,000 , respectively. Interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, was approximately $ 150,000 and $ 298,000 , respectively. If we elect so, AIG is obligated to pay the Company an amount equal to 100 % of the finite risk sinking fund account balance in return for complete release of liability from both the Company and any applicable regulatory agency using this policy as an instrument to comply with financial assurance requirements. 17 Letter of Credits and Bonding Requirements From time to time, the Company is required to post standby letters of credit and various bonds to support contractual obligations to customers and other obligations, including facility closures. As of June 30, 2025, the total amount of standby letters of credit outstanding was approximately $ 3,200,000 , and the total amount of bonds outstanding was approximately $ 21,044,000 . 10. Discontinued Operations The Company’s discontinued operations consist of all our subsidiaries included in our previous Industrial Segment which encompasses subsidiaries divested in 2011 and prior and three previously closed locations. The Company’s discontinued operations had net losses of $ 133,000 (net of taxes of $ 0 ) and $ 166,000 (net of tax benefit of $ 51,000 ) for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively and net losses of $ 206,000 (net of taxes of $ 0 ) and $$ 268,000 (net of tax benefit of $ 79,000 ) for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. The losses were primarily due to costs incurred in the administration and continued monitoring of our discontinued operations. The Company’s discontinued operations had no revenues for each of the periods noted above. The following table presents the major class of assets of discontinued operations as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. No assets and liabilities were held for sale at each of the periods noted. Schedule of Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operation Balance Sheet June 30, December 31, (Amounts in Thousands) 2025 2024 Current assets Other assets $ 33 $ 20 Total current assets 33 20 Long-term assets Property, plant and equipment, net (1) 130 130 Total long-term assets 130 130 Total assets $ 163 $ 150 Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 62 $ 90 Accrued expenses and other liabilities 159 153 Environmental liabilities — 1 Total current liabilities 221 244 Long-term liabilities Closure liabilities 184 179 Environmental liabilities 764 766 Total long-term liabilities 948 945 Total liabilities $ 1,169 $ 1,189 (1) net of accumulated depreciation of $ 10,000 for each period presented. 11. Operating Segments In accordance with ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”, the Company defines an operating segment as a business activity: (1) from which we may earn revenue and incur expenses; (2) whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and (3) for which discrete financial information is available. 18 The Company has two reporting segments, consisting of the Treatment and Services Segments, which are primarily based on a service offering approach and defined as follow: TREATMENT SEGMENT, which includes: - nuclear, low-level radioactive, mixed waste (containing both hazardous and low-level radioactive constituents), hazardous and non-hazardous waste treatment, processing and disposal services primarily through four uniquely licensed and permitted treatment and storage facilities; and - R&D activities to identify, develop and implement innovative waste processing techniques for problematic waste streams. SERVICES SEGMENT, which includes: - Technical services, which include: ○ professional radiological measurement and site survey of large government and commercial installations using advanced methods, technology and engineering; ○ integrated Occupational Safety and Health services including industrial hygiene (“IH”) assessments; hazardous materials surveys, e.g., exposure monitoring; lead and asbestos management/abatement oversight; indoor air quality evaluations; health risk and exposure assessments; health & safety plan/program development, compliance auditing and training services; and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) citation assistance; ○ global technical services providing consulting, engineering, project management, waste management, environmental, and decontamination and decommissioning (“D&D”) field, technical, and management personnel and services to commercial and government customers; and ○ on-site waste management services to commercial and governmental customers. - Nuclear services, which include: ○ technology-based services including engineering, D&D, specialty services and construction, logistics, transportation, processing and disposal; ○ remediation of nuclear licensed and federal facilities and the remediation cleanup of nuclear legacy sites. Such services capability includes: project investigation; radiological engineering; partial and total plant D&D; facility decontamination, dismantling, demolition, and planning; site restoration; logistics; transportation; and emergency response; and - A company owned equipment calibration and maintenance laboratory that services, maintains, calibrates, and sources (i.e., rental) health physics, IH and customized nuclear, environmental, and occupational safety and health (“NEOSH”) instrumentation. The Company’s reporting segments exclude our corporate headquarter which serves to support its two reporting segments through various functions, such as our executives, finance, treasury, human resources, accounting, and legal departments. Financial results for the corporate headquarter are not considered by the CODM in evaluating the performance of the reportable segments. Our reporting segment also excludes our discontinued operations (see “Note 10 – Discontinued Operations”) which do not generate revenues. The Company’s CODM is represented by its chief executive officer and chief operating officer (or “CODM group”). The CODM group evaluates the performance of the Treatment and Services segments and allocates resources (including financial or capital resources) to each reporting segment based on revenue and (loss) income from operations by comparing actual results for these metrics to budgeted and forecasted amounts for these metrics on a monthly, quarterly and year-to-date basis. The Company’s CODM group does not evaluate and allocate resources for the reportable segments using assets; therefore, the Company does not disclose assets for its reporting segments. The table below summarizes loss from operations for the Company’s two reporting segments and its corporate headquarter and provides reconciliation of such financial metric to the Company’s consolidated totals for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024 for our continuing operations. Significant segment expenses that are included in the measure of segment profit or losses for each reportable segment and regularly provided to the CODM group include payroll and benefit, material and supplies, disposal, transportation and subcontract expenses and are reflected separately, where applicable (in thousands). 19 Schedule of Segment Reporting Information Segment Reporting for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 Treatment Services Segments Total Corporate (1) Consolidated Total Revenue from external customers $ 11,397 $ 3,189 $ 14,586 $ — $ 14,586 Cost of Goods Sold: Payroll and benefits expenses 4,742 1,874 6,616 — 6,616 Material and supplies expenses 1,235 — 1,235 — 1,235 Disposal expenses 1,095 — 1,095 — 1,095 Transportation expenses 366 — 366 — 366 Subcontract expenses — 158 158 — 158 Other cost of goods sold (2) 2,393 1,176 3,569 — 3,569 Total cost of goods sold 9,831 3,208 13,039 — 13,039 Gross profit (loss) 1,566 ( 19 ) 1,547 — 1,547 Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”): Payroll and benefits 942 647 1,589 940 2,529 Other SG&A (3) 408 176 584 1,017 1,601 Total SG&A 1,350 823 2,173 1,957 4,130 Research and development 232 4 236 76 312 Gain on disposal of property and equipment ( 1 ) — ( 1 ) — ( 1 ) Loss from operations $ ( 15 ) $ ( 846 ) $ ( 861 ) $ ( 2,033 ) ( 2,894 ) Interest income 301 Interest expense ( 124 ) Interest expense-financing fees ( 21 ) Other income 155 Loss from continuing operations before taxes ( 2,583 ) Income tax expense — Loss from continuing operations, net of taxes $ ( 2,583 ) Segment Reporting for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 Treatment Services Segments Total Corporate (1) Consolidated Total Revenue from external customers $ 8,343 $ 5,643 $ 13,986 $ — $ 13,986 Cost of goods sold: Payroll and benefit expenses 3,943 1,977 5,920 — 5,920 Material and supplies expenses 1,078 — 1,078 — 1,078 Disposal expenses 1,854 — 1,854 — 1,854 Transportation expenses 217 — 217 — 217 Subcontract expenses — 2,554 2,554 — 2,554 Other cost of goods sold (2) 2,448 1,221 3,669 — 3,669 Total cost of goods sold 9,540 5,752 15,292 — 15,292 Gross loss ( 1,197 ) ( 109 ) ( 1,306 ) — ( 1,306 ) SG&A: Payroll and benefits 732 501 1,233 835 2,068 Other SG&A (3) 343 165 508 879 1,387 Total SG&A 1,075 666 1,741 1,714 3,455 Research and development 186 24 210 63 273 Loss on disposal of property and equiment — 1 1 — 1 Loss from operations $ ( 2,458 ) $ ( 800 ) $ ( 3,258 ) $ ( 1,777 ) ( 5,035 ) Interest income 213 Interest expense ( 109 ) Interest expense-financing fees ( 16 ) Other income 1 Loss from continuing operations before taxes ( 4,946 ) Income tax benefit ( 1,161 ) Loss from continuing operations, net of taxes $ ( 3,785 ) 20 Segment Reporting for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 Treatment Services Segments Total Corporate (1) Consolidated Total Revenue from external customers $ 20,583 $ 7,922 $ 28,505 $ — $ 28,505 Cost of Goods Sold: Payroll and benefits expenses 9,179 3,887 13,066 — 13,066 Material and supplies expenses 2,586 — 2,586 — 2,586 Disposal expenses 1,316 — 1,316 — 1,316 Transportation expenses 861 — 861 — 861 Subcontract expenses — 1,066 1,066 — 1,066 Other cost of goods sold (2) 4,825 2,581 7,406 — 7,406 Total cost of goods sold 18,767 7,534 26,301 — 26,301 Gross profit 1,816 388 2,204 — 2,204 SG&A: Payroll and benefits 1,815 1,185 3,000 1,871 4,871 Other SG&A (3) 891 374 1,265 2,009 3,274 Total SG&A 2,706 1,559 4,265 3,880 8,145 Research and development 523 27 550 145 695 Gain on disposal of property and equipment ( 1 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) — ( 6 ) Loss from operations $ ( 1,412 ) $ ( 1,193 ) $ ( 2,605 ) $ ( 4,025 ) ( 6,630 ) Interest income 636 Interest expense ( 236 ) Interest expense-financing fees ( 41 ) Other income 188 Loss from continuing operations before taxes ( 6,083 ) Income tax expense — Loss from continuing operations, net of taxes $ ( 6,083 ) Segment Reporting for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 Treatment Services Segments Total Corporate (1) Consolidated Total Revenue from external customers $ 17,052 $ 10,551 $ 27,603 $ — $ 27,603 Cost of goods sold: Payroll and benefit expenses 7,695 4,429 12,124 — 12,124 Material and supplies expenses 1,841 — 1,841 — 1,841 Disposal expenses 3,423 — 3,423 — 3,423 Transportation expenses 515 — 515 — 515 Subcontract expenses — 4,364 4,364 — 4,364 Other cost of goods sold (2) 4,827 2,435 7,262 — 7,262 Total cost of goods sold 18,301 11,228 29,529 — 29,529 Gross loss ( 1,249 ) ( 677 ) ( 1,926 ) — ( 1,926 ) SG&A: Payroll and benefits 1,402 1,156 2,558 1,669 4,227 Other SG&A (3) 738 302 1,040 1,732 2,772 Total SG&A 2,140 1,458 3,598 3,401 6,999 Research and development 404 52 456 113 569 Loss on disposal of property and equiment — 1 1 — 1 Loss from operations $ ( 3,793 ) $ ( 2,188 ) $ ( 5,981 ) $ ( 3,514 ) ( 9,495 ) Interest income 387 Interest expense ( 225 ) Interest expense-financing fees ( 29 ) Other income 2 Loss from continuing operations before taxes ( 9,360 ) Income tax benefit ( 2,117 ) Loss from continuing operations, net of taxes $ ( 7,243 ) (1) Amounts reflect the activity for corporate headquarters not included in the segment reporting information. (2) Other cost of goods sold for each reportable segment includes: Treatment - lab, regulatory, repair and maintenance, depreciation and amortization, travel, outside services and general expenses. Services - material and supplies, disposal, transportation, lab, regulatory, repair and maintenance, depreciation and amortization, travel, outside services and general expenses. (3) Other SG&A for each reportable segment and Corporate includes: Treatment-depreciation and amortization, travel, outside services, repair and maintenance and general expenses. Services- travel, outside services, repair and maintenance and general expenses. Corporate-repair and maintenance, depreciation and amortization, travel, public company, outside services and general expenses. 21 The following table presents depreciation and amortization for the three and six months ended June 30, (in thousand): Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Treatment $ 389 $ 367 $ 771 $ 733 Services 38 44 81 89 Total segment 427 411 852 822 Corporate 10 19 21 40 Total $ 437 $ 430 $ 873 $ 862 Depreciation and amortization $ 437 $ 430 $ 873 $ 862 The following table presents capital expenditures for the three and six months ended June 30, (in thousand): Schedule of Capital Expenditures Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2025 2024 2025 2024 Treatment $ 893 $ 457 $ 1,380 $ 617 Services 16 140 52 224 Total segment 909 597 1,432 841 Corporate — — — — Total $ 909 (1) $ 597 (2) $ 1,432 (1) $ 841 (2) Capital expenditures $ 909 (1) $ 597 (2) $ 1,432 (1) $ 841 (2) (1) Net of financed amount of $ 0 and $ 132 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. (2) Net of financed amount of $ 0 and $ 44 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. 12. Income Taxes The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, to determine its quarterly provision for income taxes. The Company had income tax expense of $ 0 and income tax benefit of $ 1,161,000 for continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively, and income tax expense of $ 0 and income tax benefit of $ 2,117,000 for continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates were approximately 0 % and 23.5 % for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively, and 0 % and 22.6 % for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, were impacted by the Company’s recognition of a full valuation allowance against its U.S federal and state deferred tax assets in the quarter ended September 30, 2024. The Company’s effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, were impacted by non-deductible expenses and state taxes. See Note 13 – “Subsequent Events – Tax Matters” for a discussion as to the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” that changes certain existing U.S. tax laws. 22 13. Subsequent Events Management evaluated events occurring subsequent to June 30, 2025, through August 7, 2025, the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were available for issuance, and other than as noted below determined that no material recognizable subsequent events occurred. Tax Matter On July 4, 2025, the United States enacted tax reform legislation through the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” which changes existing U.S. tax laws, including extending or making permanent certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, repealing certain clean energy initiatives, in addition to other changes. The Company continues to evaluate the impact the new legislation will have on its consolidated financial statements but does not anticipate a significant impact due to the Company’s valuation allowance position, among other things. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Forward-looking Statements Certain statements contained within this report may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.” All statements in this report other than a statement of historical fact are forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, which could cause actual results and performance of the Company to differ materially from such statements. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “will,” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained herein relate to, among other things, ● demand for our services; ● effect of improvements to production in revenue; ● reductions in the level of government funding; ● impact of “One Big Beautiful Bill Act”; ● effect of changes to leadership at DOE; ● continued improvement in financial results the second half of 2025; ● revenue contribution from the West Valley Development Project in the second half of 2025; ● approvals of scope attributable to the Company under the West Valley Development Project contract; ● sustained receipts from DOE’s Hanford facility; ● operations of the West Valley Development Project; ● Direct-Feed Low-Activity Waste (“DFLAW”) to begin operations in the fourth quarter of 2025; ● reducing operating costs and non-essential expenditures; ● ability to meet loan agreement financial covenant requirements; ● spending priorities under new Administration; ● stabilization in changes in new administration and supporting policies; ● cash flow requirements for the next twelve months; ● sufficient cash flow and Liquidity to fund operations for the next twelve months; ● reduction in Liquidity; ● international initiatives; ● amount of capital expenditures; ● manner in which the applicable government will be required to spend funding to remediate various sites; ● expansion into international market; ● funding of operating and capital expenditures from cash from operations, Liquidity under our Loan Agreement, and/or financing; ● our PFAS (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl) technology process will exceed current treatment options available; ● receipt of an additional 50,000 gallons of aqueous film-forming foam (“AFFF”) liquid; ● deployment of the second generation unit; ● strategy for our System; ● advancement of our PFAS technology; ● funding of remediation expenditures for sites from funds generated internally; ● compliance with environmental regulations; ● potential effect of being a potentially responsible party (“PRP”); and ● potential violations of environmental laws and attendant remediation at our facilities. 23 While the Company believes the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance such expectations will prove to be correct. There are a variety of factors which could cause future outcomes to differ materially from those described in this report, including, but not limited to: ● general economic conditions and uncertainties; ● inability to properly bid contracts; ● reduction in or inability to obtain new contracts with federal, state and local governments, agencies and departments, resulting in a reduction in revenue; ● changes in federal government budgeting and spending priorities; ● failure by Congress or other governmental bodies to approve budgets and debt ceiling increases in a timely fashion and related reductions in government spending; ● uncertainties relating to the new presidential administration (the “Administration”) and failure of the Administration to spend Congressionally mandated appropriations, which may result in the failure to realize the full amount of our backlog; ● tariff actions and uncertainties related to trade wars; ● inability to meet PNC covenant requirements; ● inability to collect in a timely manner a material amount of receivables; ● increased competitive pressures; ● inability to maintain and obtain required permits and approvals to conduct operations; ● inability to develop new and existing technologies in the conduct of operations; ● inability to maintain and obtain closure and operating insurance requirements; ● discovery of additional contamination or expanded contamination at any of the sites or facilities leased or owned by us or our subsidiaries which would result in a material increase in remediation expenditures; ● refusal of third-party disposal sites to accept our waste; ● changes in federal, state and local laws and regulations, especially environmental laws and regulations, or in interpretation of such; ● new or additional requirements to handle low-level radioactive and hazardous waste materials; ● management retention and development; ● financial valuation of intangible assets is substantially more/less than expected; ● the need to use internally generated funds for purposes not presently anticipated; ● inability of the Company to maintain the listing of its Common Stock on the Nasdaq; ● terminations of contracts with government agencies or subcontracts involving government agencies or reduction in amount of waste delivered to the Company under the contracts or subcontracts; ● failure of our Italian team partner to perform its requirements in connection with the Italian project; ● changes in the scope of work relating to existing contracts; ● occurrence of an event similar to COVID-19 having adverse effects on the U.S. and world economics; ● renegotiation or termination of contracts involving government agencies; ● disposal expense accrual could prove to be inadequate in the event the waste requires re-treatment; ● inability to raise capital on commercially reasonable terms; ● inability to increase profitable revenue; ● risks resulting from expanding our service offerings and client base; ● non-acceptance of our new technology; ● adjustments to our valuation allowance; ● supply chain difficulties; ● pricing adjustments; ● cost reduction measures; ● new governmental regulations; and ● risk factors and other factors set forth in “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” contained in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K and the “Forward-Looking Statements” contained in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (“MD&A”) of the first quarter of 2025 and this second quarter 2025 10-Q. 24 Our forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management and the information available to our management at the time these statements were prepared. Although we believe the expectations reflected in these statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements as noted above, which apply only to as of the date of this Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even if our situation changes in the future. Overview Our results of operations for the second quarter of 2025 reflect marginal improvements from the corresponding period of 2024. Overall revenue increased by $600,000 or 4.3% to $14,586,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $13,986,000 in the same period of 2024. The increase was entirely from our Treatment Segment where revenue increased by $3,054,000 or approximately 36.6% to $11,397,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $8,343,000 in the same period of 2024. The increase in Treatment Segment revenue was primarily due to increased waste volume and higher averaged price waste from waste mix. With the increase in waste receipts within our Treatment Segment, production challenges were realized that adversely impacted revenue; however, we believe that these issues have been resolved through automation and operational adjustments. Services Segment revenue decreased $2,454,000 or 43.5% to $3,189,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, from $5,643,000 for the same period of 2024. The decrease was attributed in part, to delays in project mobilizations from existing contracts along with delays in procurements resulting from changes to the new Administration and supporting policies that continued into the second quarter of 2025. We anticipate these changes should stabilize in the near future as new leadership within the U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) and other primary federal clients nominate and confirm leadership into each agency. Gross profit increased $2,853,000 or 218.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the corresponding period of 2024. Selling, General, and Administrative (“SG&A”) expenses increased by $675,000 or 19.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the corresponding period of 2024. Our overall revenue increased by $902,000 or 3.3% to $28,505,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $27,603,000 for the corresponding period of 2024. Similar to the second quarter of 2025, the increase was entirely from our Treatment Segment where revenue increased by $3,531,000 or approximately 20.7% to $20,583,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $17,052,000 in the same period of 2024. The increase in Treatment Segment revenue was primarily due to increased waste volume and higher averaged price waste from waste mix. Services Segment revenue decreased $2,629,000 or 24.9% to $7,922,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, from $10,551,000 for the same period of 2024 primarily due to the same reasons as discussed above for the three months ended June 30, 2025. We generated a gross profit of $2,204,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to a gross loss of $1,926,000 for the corresponding period of 2024, reflecting an overall increase in gross profit of $4,130,000 or 214.4%. SG&A expenses increased by $1,146,000 or 16.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the corresponding period of 2024. See below “Results of Operations” for further discussions of our financial results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the corresponding period of 2024. 25 Although we saw marginal improvements in our financial results in the second quarter of 2025 and the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the corresponding periods of 2024, our results of operations for these periods did not meet our expectation. However, we believe we are well positioned for continued improvements in the second half of 2025. Our Treatment backlog stands at approximately $13,151,000, an increase of $5,292,000 or 67.3% from the December 31, 2024, balance of $7,859,000. Additionally, in December 2024, BWXT Technologies and its team, of which we are a member, were awarded the West Valley Project contract for the cleanup operations at the West Valley Development Project in West Valley, New York. The contract has a 10-year ordering period with a maximum value of up to $3 billion that can be performed for up to 15 years. We expect revenue contribution from this project in the second half of 2025 as our scope under the contract is further defined, approved and transitions into operation. Also, we expect that the DFLAW program at Hanford, Washington will begin initial tank waste treatment operations in the fourth quarter of 2025 which we believe our PFNWR facility is well-positioned to support. We continue to focus on increasing our expansion into the international markets which is reflected in revenue generated from foreign entities of approximately $3,589,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to $1,030,000 for the corresponding period of 2024, an increase of $2,559,000 or 248.4%. Finally, we continue our aggressive approach in research and development (“R&D”), sales and marketing efforts and capital expenditures of our new PFAS technology which adversely impacted our results of operations for the first six months of 2025 (See “Known Trends and Uncertainties – New Processing Technology” for a discussion of our new technology). We are attempting to make strategic improvements to our plants and equipment and bolster our operational staff to maximize our revenue production capabilities. We are continually monitoring our operating costs to ensure alignment with our revenue level. See “Federal Funding” and “Market Trends and Uncertainties” in “Known Trends and Uncertainties” within this MD&A for a discussion of factors that could negatively impact our results of operations for the remainder of 2025. Business Environment Our Treatment and Services Segments’ business continues to be heavily dependent on services that we provide to federal governmental clients, primarily as subcontractors for others who are contractors to government entities or directly as the prime contractor. We believe demand for our services will continue to be subject to fluctuations due to a variety of factors beyond our control, including, without limitation, current economic and political conditions, government reductions, COVID like events, government budget issues and the manner in which the applicable government authority will be required to spend funding to remediate various sites. In addition, our governmental contracts and subcontracts relating to activities at federal governmental sites are generally subject to termination for convenience at any time, at the government’s option. Significant reductions in the level of governmental funding or specifically mandated levels for different programs that are important to our business could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Results of Operations The reporting of financial results and pertinent discussions are tailored to our two reportable segments: The Treatment and Services. 26 Summary – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, Consolidated (amounts in thousands) 2025 % 2024 % 2025 % 2024 % Net revenues $ 14,586 100.0 $ 13,986 100.0 $ 28,505 100.0 $ 27,603 100.0 Cost of goods sold 13,039 89.4 15,292 109.3 26,301 92.3 29,529 107.0 Gross profit (loss) 1,547 10.6 (1,306 ) (9.3 ) 2,204 7.7 (1,926 ) (7.0 ) Selling, general and administrative 4,130 28.3 3,455 24.7 8,145 28.6 6,999 25.4 Research and development 312 2.1 273 2.0 695 2.4 569 2.0 (Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment (1 ) — 1 — (6 ) — 1 — Loss from operations (2,894 ) (19.8 ) (5,035 ) (36.0 ) (6,630 ) (23.3 ) (9,495 ) (34.4 ) Interest income 301 2.1 213 1.5 636 2.2 387 1.4 Interest expense (124 ) (.9 ) (109 ) (.8 ) (236 ) (.8 ) (225 ) (.8 ) Interest expense-financing fees (21 ) (.1 ) (16 ) (.1 ) (41 ) (.1 ) (29 ) (.1 ) Other 155 1.0 1 — 188 .7 2 — Loss from continuing operations before taxes (2,583 ) (17.7 ) (4,946 ) (35.4 ) (6,083 ) (21.3 ) (9,360 ) (33.9 ) Income tax benefit — — (1,161 ) (8.3 ) — — (2,117 ) (7.7 ) Loss from continuing operations $ (2,583 ) (17.7 ) $ (3,785 ) (27.1 ) $ (6,083 ) (21.3 ) $ (7,243 ) (26.2 ) Revenues Consolidated revenues increased $600,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2024, as follows: (In thousands) 2025 % Revenue 2024 % Revenue Change % Change Treatment Government waste $ 7,196 49.3 $ 5,645 40.4 $ 1,551 27.5 Hazardous/non-hazardous (1) 1,406 9.6 1,293 9.2 113 8.7 Other nuclear waste 2,795 19.2 1,405 10.1 1,390 98.9 Total 11,397 78.1 8,343 59.7 3,054 36.6 Services Nuclear services 1,681 11.5 4,426 31.6 (2,745 ) (62.0 ) Technical services 1,508 10.4 1,217 8.7 291 23.9 Total 3,189 21.9 5,643 40.3 (2,454 ) (43.5 ) Total $ 14,586 100.0 $ 13,986 100.0 $ 600 4.3 (1) Includes wastes generated by government clients of $567,000 and $608,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively. Treatment Segment overall revenue increased by $3,054,000 or 36.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, over the same period in 2024. The overall increase in revenue in the Treatment Segment was primarily due to higher waste volume and higher averaged price waste from waste mix. Our Treatment Segment revenue was also positively impacted by our international initiatives, which resulted in an increase in revenue of approximately $558,000 or 150.8% in revenue as compared to the same period of last year. Services Segment revenue decreased by approximately $2,454,000 or 43.5%. The decrease in revenue in the Services Segment was due to reasons as discussed in the “Overview” section. Additionally, our Services Segment revenues are project based; as such, the scope, duration, and completion of each project vary. 27 Consolidated revenues increased $902,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, as follows: (In thousands) 2025 % Revenue 2024 % Revenue Change % Change Treatment Government waste $ 14,213 49.8 $ 10,778 39.1 $ 3,435 31.9 Hazardous/non-hazardous (1) 2,473 8.7 2,630 9.5 (157 ) (6.0 ) Other nuclear waste 3,897 13.7 3,644 13.2 253 6.9 Total 20,583 72.2 17,052 61.8 3,531 20.7 Services Nuclear services 5,055 17.7 8,995 32.6 (3,940 ) (43.8 ) Technical services 2,867 10.1 1,556 5.6 1,311 84.3 Total 7,922 27.8 10,551 38.2 (2,629 ) (24.9 ) Total $ 28,505 100.0 $ 27,603 100.0 $ 902 3.3 (1) Includes wastes generated by government clients of $1,007,000 and $1,236,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively. Treatment Segment overall revenue increased by $3,531,000 or 20.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, over the same period in 2024. The overall increase in revenue in the Treatment Segment was primarily due to higher waste volume and higher averaged price waste from waste mix. Our Treatment Services Segment revenue was also positively impacted by our international initiatives, which resulted in an increase in revenue of approximately $2,580,000 or 315.8% as compared to the same period of last year. Services Segment revenue decreased by approximately $2,629,000 or 24.9%. The decrease in revenue in the Services Segment was due to reasons as discussed in the “Overview” section. Additionally, our Services Segment revenues are project based; as such, the scope, duration, and completion of each project vary. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold decreased $2,253,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2024, as follows: % % (In thousands) 2025 Revenue 2024 Revenue Change Treatment $ 9,831 86.3 $ 9,540 114.3 $ 291 Services 3,208 100.6 5,752 101.9 (2,544 ) Total $ 13,039 89.4 $ 15,292 109.3 $ (2,253 ) Cost of goods sold for the Treatment Segment increased by approximately $291,000 or 3.1%. Treatment Segment’s overall fixed costs were higher by approximately $682,000 resulting from the following: salaries and payroll related expenses were higher by approximately $665,000 due to additional headcount; maintenance expenses were higher by approximately $38,000; depreciation expenses were higher by $25,000; travel expense were higher by $21,000; general expenses were higher by $11,000; and regulatory expenses were lower by $78,000. Treatment Segment’s variable costs decreased by approximately $391,000 primarily due to lower disposal costs of $758,000 and lower outside services costs of $86,000, offset by overall higher material and supplies, transportation and other costs of approximately $453,000. Within our Treatment Segment, variable cost categories can fluctuate based on waste mix. Services Segment cost of goods sold decreased $2,544,000 or 44.2% primarily due to lower revenue. The decrease in cost of goods sold was primarily due to overall lower salaries/payroll related, outside services, and travel costs totaling approximately $2,500,000; lower regulatory costs of $24,000; lower general expenses of $13,000 in various categories; and lower depreciation expense of approximately $7,000. Included within cost of goods sold is depreciation and amortization expense of $423,000 and $405,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Cost of goods sold decreased $3,228,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2024, as follows: % % (In thousands) 2025 Revenue 2024 Revenue Change Treatment $ 18,767 91.2 $ 18,301 107.3 $ 466 Services 7,534 95.1 11,228 106.4 (3,694 ) Total $ 26,301 92.3 $ 29,529 107.0 $ (3,228 ) 28 Cost of goods sold for the Treatment Segment increased by approximately $466,000 or 2.5%. Treatment Segment’s overall fixed costs were higher by approximately $1,225,000 resulting from the following: salaries and payroll related expenses were higher by $1,221,000 due to higher headcount. Additionally, salaries and payroll related expenses were higher in the first six months of 2025 as more employees took vacation time in the first six months of 2024 resulting in more hours charged to vacation accrual account; general expenses were higher by $124,000 primarily due to higher utility costs; maintenance expenses were higher by approximately $52,000; depreciation expenses were higher by $42,000; and regulatory expenses were lower by approximately $218,000. Treatment Segment’s variable costs decreased by approximately $759,000 primarily due to lower disposal costs of $2,107,000 and lower outside services costs of $79,000, offset by overall higher material and supplies, transportation and other costs of approximately $1,427,000. Within our Treatment Segment, variable cost categories can fluctuate based on waste mix. Services Segment cost of goods sold decreased $3,694,000 or 32.9% primarily due to lower revenue. The decrease in cost of goods sold was primarily due to overall lower salaries/payroll related, outside services, and travel costs totaling approximately $4,012,000; lower depreciation expenses totaling approximately $8,000; lower regulatory costs of $39,000; lower general expenses of approximately $104,000 in various categories; and overall higher material and supplies, lab and disposal costs totaling approximately $469.000. Included within cost of goods sold is depreciation and amortization expense of $845,000 and $810,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Gross Profit (Loss) Gross profit for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, increased $2,853,000 over the same period in 2024, as follows: % % (In thousands) 2025 Revenue 2024 Revenue Change Treatment $ 1,566 13.7 $ (1,197 ) (14.3 ) $ 2,763 Services (19 ) (0.6 ) (109 ) (1.9 ) 90 Total $ 1,547 10.6 $ (1,306 ) (9.3 ) $ 2,853 Treatment Segment gross profit increased by $2,763,000 or approximately 230.8% and gross margin increased to 13.7% % from (14.3)% primarily due to higher revenue from higher waste volume and higher averaged price from waste mix. The increase in fixed costs within the Treatment Segment negatively impacted gross profit and gross margin. Services Segment gross profit increased by $90,000 or approximately 82.6% and gross margin improved slightly from (1.9)% to (0.6)%. The increases were attributed primarily to overall improved margin on projects and lower fixed costs which were offset by the impact of lower revenue. Our Services Segment gross margin is impacted by our current projects which are competitively bid on and will therefore, have varying margin structures. Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2025, increased $4,130,000 over 2024, as follows: % % (In thousands) 2025 Revenue 2024 Revenue Change Treatment $ 1,816 8.8 $ (1,249 ) (7.3 ) $ 3,065 Services 388 4.9 (677 ) (6.4 ) 1,065 Total $ 2,204 7.7 $ (1,926 ) (7.0 ) $ 4,130 Treatment Segment gross profit increased by $3,065,000 or approximately 245.4% and gross margin increased to 8.8% % from (7.3)% primarily due to higher revenue from higher waste volume and higher averaged price from waste mix. The increase in fixed costs within the Treatment Segment negatively impacted gross profit and gross margin. Services Segment gross profit increased by $1,065,000 or approximately 157.3% and gross margin improved from (6.4)% to 4.9%. Similar to the second quarter of 2025, the increases were attributed primarily to overall improved margin on projects and lower fixed costs which were offset by the impact of lower revenue. Our Services Segment gross margin is impacted by our current projects which are competitively bid on and will therefore, have varying margin structures. 29 SG&A SG& A expenses increased $675,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the corresponding period for 2024, as follows: (In thousands) 2025 % Revenue 2024 % Revenue Change Administrative $ 1,957 — $ 1,714 — $ 243 Treatment 1,350 11.8 1,075 12.9 275 Services 823 25.8 666 11.8 157 Total $ 4,130 28.3 $ 3,455 24.7 $ 675 Administrative SG&A expenses were higher primarily due to higher salaries, payroll related expenses and stock option compensation expenses totaling approximately $105,000. The hiring of the Company’s new COO in January 2025 contributed to this increase. The remaining higher expenses in Administrative SG&A expenses were primarily due to higher outside services expenses of approximately $103,000 from more consulting and business matters, higher general expenses by approximately $19,000 in various categories and higher travel expenses of approximately $16,000 due to more travel by senior management. Treatment Segment SG&A expenses were higher primarily due to the following: salaries and payroll related expenses were higher by approximately $210,000 as more employee hours were allocated to marketing initiatives of our new PFAS technology and overall business development; bad debt expenses were higher by approximately $29,000; general expense were higher by approximately $39,000 in various categories; travel expenses were slightly higher by $7,000; and outside services expenses were lower by approximately $10,000. Services Segment SG&A expenses were higher primarily due to the following: salaries and payroll related expenses were higher by approximately $146,000 as more employee hours were spent on bid and proposals; general expenses were higher by approximately $17,000 in various categories; and travel expense were slightly lower by approximately $6,000. Included in SG&A expenses is depreciation and amortization expense of $14,000 and $25,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. SG& A expenses increased $1,146,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the corresponding period for 2024, as follows: (In thousands) 2025 % Revenue 2024 % Revenue Change Administrative $ 3,880 — $ 3,401 — $ 479 Treatment 2,706 13.1 2,140 12.5 566 Services 1,559 19.7 1,458 13.8 101 Total $ 8,145 28.6 $ 6,999 25.4 $ 1,146 Administrative SG&A expenses were higher primarily due to higher salaries, payroll related expenses and stock option compensation expenses totaling approximately $203,000. The hiring of the Company’s new COO in January 2025 contributed to this increase. Additionally, salaries and payroll related expenses were higher in the first six months of 2025 as more employees took vacation time in the first six months of 2024 resulting in more hours charged to vacation accrual account. The remaining higher expenses in Administrative SG&A expenses were primarily due to higher outside services expenses by approximately $228,000 from more legal, consulting and business matters, higher general expenses of approximately $21,000 in various categories and higher travel expenses of approximately $27,000 due to more travel by senior management. Treatment Segment SG&A expenses were higher primarily due to the following: salaries and payroll related expenses were higher by approximately $414,000 as more employee hours were allocated to marketing initiatives of our new PFAS technology and overall business development; bad debt expenses were higher by approximately $31,000; general expense were higher by approximately $120,000 in various categories (which include higher tradeshow expense of approximately $53,000); travel expenses were higher by $11,000; and outside services expenses were lower by approximately $10,000. Services Segment SG&A expenses were higher primarily due to the following: salaries and payroll related expenses were higher by approximately $29,000 as more employee hours were spent on bid and proposals in the second quarter of 2025 as discussed above; general expenses were higher by approximately $41,000 in various categories; outside services expenses were higher by approximately $29,000 due to more consulting matters; and travel expense were slightly higher by approximately $2,000. Included in SG&A expenses is depreciation and amortization expense of $28,000 and $52,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and 2024, respectively. 30 Interest Income Interest income increased by approximately $88,000 and $249,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to the corresponding period of 2024 primarily due to higher interest income earned from funds deposited into our money market deposit account (“MMDA”) from the two equity raises that were completed in May 2024 and December 2024. Income Taxes We had income tax expense of $0 and income tax benefit of $1,161,000 for continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively, and income tax expense of $0 and income tax benefit of $2,117,000 for continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively. Our effective tax rates were approximately 0% and 23.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively, and 0% and 22.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and the corresponding period of 2024, respectively. Our effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, were impacted by our recognition of a full valuation allowance against our U.S federal and state deferred tax assets in the quarter ended September 30, 2024. Our effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, were impacted by non-deductible expenses and state taxes. On July 4, 2025, the United States enacted tax reform legislation through the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” which changes existing U.S. tax laws, including extending or making permanent certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, repealing certain clean energy initiatives, in addition to other changes. We continue to evaluate the impact the new legislation will have on our consolidated financial statements but does not anticipate a significant impact due to our valuation allowance position, among other things. Liquidity and Capital Resources Our cash flow requirements during the six months ended June 30, 2025, were financed by our Liquidity (defined under our Loan Agreement as borrowing availability under the revolving credit plus cash in our MMDA maintained with our lender). Our MMDA consist of cash received in connection with the sale of our Common Stock completed in 2024 as discussed below under “Financing Activities.” We believe our cash flow requirements for the next twelve months will consist primarily of general working capital needs, scheduled principal payments on our debt obligations, remediation projects, R&D on our PFAS technology and capital expenditures (which include our PFAS technology) (see “Known Trends and Uncertainties – New Processing Technology” within this MD&A for a discussion of this technology). We plan to fund these requirements from our operations and our Liquidity. We are continually reviewing operating costs and reviewing the possibility of further reducing operating costs and non-essential expenditures to bring them in line with revenue levels. As of June 30, 2025, we had no outstanding borrowing under our Revolving Credit and our Liquidity was approximately $25,440,000. We believe that our cash flows from operations and our Liquidity should be sufficient to fund our operations for the next twelve months. Although we believe our operations should improve in the remainder of 2025, if we continue to incur losses such as in the first and second quarters of 2025, this could cause a reduction in our Liquidity. 31 The following table reflects the cash flow activities during the first six months of 2025 and 2024. Six Months Ended June 30, (In thousands) 2025 2024 Cash used in operating activities of continuing operations $ (3,773 ) $ (5,570 ) Cash used in operating activities of discontinued operations (222 ) (245 ) Cash used in investing activities of continuing operations (1,473 ) (1,342 ) Cash used in investing activities of discontinued operations (16 ) (49 ) Cash (used in) provided by financing activities of continuing operations (626 ) 18,127 Effect of exchange rate changes in cash 1 (1 ) Decreaes (increase) in cash and finite risk sinking fund (restricted cash) $ (6,109 ) $ 10,920 As of June 30, 2025, we were in a positive cash position with no revolving credit balance. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash on hand of approximately $22,594,000. Operating Activities Cash used in operating activities of our continuing operations during the first six months of 2025 consisted mostly of the significant net loss that we incurred of approximately $6,083,000, adjusted for certain non-cash items, such as $382,000 of stock-based compensation expenses and $873,000 of depreciation and amortization expenses. Cash flow increase of approximately $738,000 resulting from net change in assets and liabilities reflects a decrease in accounts receivable (net of provision for credit losses) of $2,974,000, a net decrease in inventories, prepaids and other assets totaling approximately of $463,000, offset by an increase in unbilled receivables of $1,297,000 and a net decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses, deferred revenue and other accruals totaling approximately $1,402,000. Our accounts receivables are impacted by timing of invoicing and collections. Our contracts with our customers are subject to various payment terms and conditions. Cash used in operating activities of our continuing operations during the first six months of 2024 consisted primarily of the significant net loss that we incurred of approximately $7,243,000, adjusted for certain non-cash items, which included $284,000 of stock-based compensation expenses, $862,000 of depreciation and amortization expense and deferred income tax benefit of $2,117,000. Cash flow increase of approximately $2,388,000 resulting from net change in assets and liabilities included a net decrease in accounts receivable (net of recovery in credit losses) and unbilled receivables totaling approximately $4,667,000, a net decrease in inventories and prepaid and other assets totaling approximately of $1,670,000, offset by a net decrease in accounts payables, accrued expenses, deferred revenue and other accruals totaling approximately $3,949,000. Cash used in operating activities of our discontinued operations in the first six months of 2025 and 2024 consisted primarily of expenses incurred in connection with management and administration of regulatory matters for the Company’s remediation projects. We had working capital of $21,481,000 (which included working capital of our discontinued operations) as of June 30, 2025, as compared to working capital of $28,283,000 as of December 31, 2024. The decrease in our working capital was primarily due to the losses incurred from our operations during the six months of 2025 as previously discussed. Investing Activities Cash used in investing activities of our continuing operations in the first six months of 2025 consisted mostly of our purchases of property and equipment totaling approximately $1,564,000, of which $132,000 was financed. The remaining cash used in investing activities consisted of cash outlays made in connection with our operating permits and certain intangible assets. Total cash used in investing activities of our continuing operations was partially offset by approximately $33,000 from our sale of idle equipment. 32 Cash used in investing activities of our discontinued operations in the first six months of 2025 consisted of payments made in connection with a certain regulatory permit at our PFSG subsidiary. Cash used in investing activities of our continuing operations in the first six months of 2024 consisted mostly of our purchases of property and equipment totaling approximately $885,000, of which $44,000 was financed. The remaining cash used in investing activities of $502,000 consisted of cash outlays made in connection with our operating permits and certain intangible assets. Cash used in investing activities of our discontinued operations in the first six months of 2024 consisted of payments made for roof replacement at our PFSG location. The increase in our purchases of property and equipment in the six months ended June 30, 2025, as compared to the corresponding period of 2024 was primarily due to capital expenditures made in connection with our PFAS technology and plant improvements and equipment purchases related to increased productivity and safety measures. Capital Expenditures We anticipate making capital expenditures of approximately up to $6,000,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, to maintain operations and regulatory compliance requirements and support revenue growth. Our anticipated capital expenditures for 2025 include certain strategic project initiatives which include the installation of our second generation unit for our PFAS technology (see “Known Trends and Uncertainties – New Processing Technology”). We plan to fund our capital expenditures for 2025 from cash from operations, Liquidity and/or financing. The initiation and timing of our capital expenditures in 2025 are subject to a number of factors which include, among other things, cost/benefit analysis, the pace of our strategic project initiatives and improvement in our operations. Financing Activities Our cash used in financing during the first six months of 2025 consisted mostly of principal payments of approximately $313,000 primarily for our Term and Capital Loans under our Credit Facility (see below for a discussion of our Credit Facility) principal payments of $148,000 for our finance leases, payments of $194,000 of offering costs from the equity raise that we completed in December 2024, partially offset by proceeds received from option exercises of approximately $49,000. As previously reported, during 2024, we had two offerings of our Common Stock which increased our cash position. As discussed below, in May 2024, we had the first offering. In December 2024, we completed the second securities offering in which we received net proceeds of approximately $23,208,000 after deducting offering fees and expenses. Our cash provided in financing during the first six months of 2024 consisted primarily of net proceeds of $18,636,000 received from the sale of our Common Stock in May 2024 and proceeds received from option and warrant exercises totaling approximately $218,000, partially offset by principal payments of approximately $520,000 for our Term and Capital Loans under our Credit Facility and principal payments of $146,000 for our finance leases. Credit Facility We entered into a Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit, Term Loan and Security Agreement, dated May 8, 2020, which has since been amended, with PNC National Association (“PNC” and “lender”), acting as agent and lender (the “Loan Agreement”). The Loan Agreement provides us with a credit facility with a maturity date of May 15, 2027 (the “Credit Facility”) which consists of the following as of June 30, 2025: (a) up to $12,500,000 revolving credit (“Revolving Credit”), which borrowing capacity is subject to eligible receivables (as defined) and reduced by outstanding standby letters of credit ($3,200,000 as of June 30, 2025) and borrowing reductions that our lender may impose from time to time ($750,000 as of June 30, 2025); (b) a term loan (“Term Loan”) of $2,500,000, requiring monthly installments of $41,667; and (c) a capital expenditure loan (“Capital Loan”) of approximately $524,000, requiring monthly installments of principal of approximately $8,700 plus interest. 33 On March 11, 2025, we entered into an amendment to our Loan Agreement with our lender which provided the following, among other things: ● removed the quarterly fixed charge coverage ratio (“FCCR”) covenant testing requirement utilizing a twelve-month trailing basis; however, such FCCR testing requirement will be triggered on the day we fail to meet a minimum of $5,000,000 in daily Liquidity. If triggered, we will be required to show compliance of an FCCR ratio of not less than 1.15 to 1.00 utilizing a trailing twelve-month-period ended starting with the most recently reported fiscal quarter and each fiscal quarter thereafter. The FCCR testing requirement can be removed again once we are able to achieve a minimum of $5,000,000 in daily Liquidity for a thirty-consecutive-day period from the trigger date; ● revised the Facility Fee (as defined) from .375% to .500%. Such fee percentage will revert back to .375% at such time that we are able to achieve a minimum 1.15 to 1.00 ratio in FCCR on a twelve-month trailing basis; and ● required payment of an amendment fee of $12,500 by the Company, which is being amortized over the remaining term of the Loan Agreement as interest expense-financing fees. Our Loan Agreement, as amended, with PNC, contains certain financial covenant requirements, along with customary representations and warranties. A breach of any of these financial covenant requirements, unless waived by PNC, could result in a default under our Loan Agreement allowing our lender to immediately require the repayment of all outstanding debt under our Loan Agreement and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. We met all of our financial covenant requirements in the first and second quarters of 2025. We expect to meet our covenant requirements under our Loan Agreement for the next twelve months. Off Balance Sheet Arrangements From time to time, we are required to post standby letters of credit and various bonds to support contractual obligations to customers and other obligations, including facility closures. As of June 30, 2025, the total amount of standby letters of credit outstanding totaled approximately $3,200,000 and the total amount of bonds outstanding totaled approximately $21,044,000. We also provide closure and post-closure requirements through a financial assurance policy for certain of our Treatment Segment facilities through AIG. As of June 30, 2025, the closure and post-closure requirements for these facilities were approximately $23,951,000. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates There were no significant changes in our accounting policies or critical accounting estimates that are discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Recent Accounting Pronouncements See “Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for the recent accounting pronouncement that was adopted in the first six months of 2025 and recent accounting pronouncements that will be adopted in future periods. Known Trends and Uncertainties Significant Customers . The contracts that we are a party to with others as subcontractors to the federal government or directly with the federal government generally provide that the government may terminate the contract at any time for convenience at the government’s option. Our inability to continue under existing contracts that we have with the federal government authorities (directly or indirectly as a subcontractor) or significant reductions in the level of governmental funding in any given year could have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial condition. We performed services relating to waste generated by federal government clients, either indirectly as a subcontractor or directly as a prime contractor to federal government entities, representing approximately $9,204,000 or 63.1% and $17,609,000 or 61.8% of our total revenues during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to $9,669,000 or 69.1% and $18,699,000 or 67.7% of our total revenues during the corresponding period of 2024. Federal Funding. As previously disclosed, a significant portion of our revenue is generated through contracts entered into indirectly as subcontractors for prime contractors or directly as a prime contractor to federal government. Government funding levels in general have uncertainties associated with planned federal projects and procurements. Our results of operations in the first half of 2025 were adversely impacted in part, by delays in procurements which, we believe, resulted directly from changes in the administration and supporting policies. We anticipate these changes should stabilize in the near future as new leadership within the DOE and other primary federal clients nominate and confirm leadership into each agency. Although we believe the recently proposed White House Budget and subsequent OMB (The Office of Management and Budget) published funding levels do not appear to suggest significant impacts to opportunities for the Company, we continue to be subjected to changes in spending priorities of government entities that we do business with which could negatively impact our financial results by impairing our ability to perform work on existing contracts, delaying or cancelling procurement actions and waste shipments by government entities, and /or cause other disruptions or delays. 34 Market Trends and Uncertainties. Macroeconomic conditions which include recent government and policy changes implemented in the United States, tariff actions and uncertainties related to trade wars, ambiguity around interest rates, softening labor markets, have created significant uncertainty in the global economy, volatility in the capital markets and recessionary pressures. We continue to monitor potential effects from these conditions that could impact our revenue and profitability which include supply chain challenges, cost volatility in goods that we utilize in our revenue production, and economic pressures on our customers that may result in reduced spending. While we have experienced limited impact from these conditions at this time, we continue to evaluate and implement a range of strategic options which we believe will assist us to manage potential impacts from these factors, including supply chain optimization, pricing strategies, sourcing adjustments and cost reduction measures in order to minimize impacts to our financial results. New Processing Technology. We have completed the fabrication, installation, commissioning and startup of our first full scale commercial Perma-FAS system (“System”) for PFAS destruction, located at our Perma-Fix Florida, Inc. facility. PFAS, commonly known as “forever chemicals,” is the acronym for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, a diverse group of thousands of human-made chemical pollutants that have the potential to persist in both the environment and the human body. An increasing number of studies have documented adverse health risks that are associated with PFAS exposure, including increased risks of some cancers, reduced immune function, and developmental delays in children. Commercial destruction of PFAS offers a promising new source of revenue for us, as it complements our core waste remediation technologies, and we have filed patent applications relating to our System technology for PFAS destruction. With the successful startup of our pilot System, we have already processed commercial quantities of PFAS-containing waste materials. There are limited current treatment options for these materials, and we expect that our process will exceed any of these other current methods. Some of the sizable markets for PFAS include AFFF firefighting foams, both expired concentrate and flushing liquids, contaminated liquids from PFAS systems, and other water-based separation products from a variety of industrial systems. We have already secured and are treating approximately 10,000 gallons of AFFF liquids to support ongoing operations, demonstration, and further testing of our System. We believe that we will receive an additional 50,000 gallons in the coming months. Our strategy for our System includes continued treatment of PFAS liquids over the coming months and targeting engineering refinements to support larger-scale Systems. With significant upgrades to our prototype currently in the design phase, we anticipate deployment of the second generation unit in the fourth quarter of 2025 at one of our other existing treatment facilities. In the next several calendar quarters we expect to advance the Perma-FAS technology from demonstrated successful bench-scale testing to pilot-scale applications for soil, biosolids, and filter media, broadening the reach of our System’s PFAS destruction capabilities. Environmental Contingencies We are engaged in the waste management services segment of the pollution control industry. As a participant in the on-site treatment, storage and disposal market and the off-site treatment and services market, we are subject to rigorous federal, state and local regulations. These regulations mandate strict compliance and therefore are a cost and concern to us. Because of their integral role in providing quality environmental services, we make every reasonable attempt to maintain complete compliance with these regulations; however, even with a diligent commitment, we, along with many of our competitors, may be required to pay fines for violations or investigate and potentially remediate our waste management facilities. We routinely use third party disposal companies, who ultimately destroy, or secure landfill residual materials generated at our facilities or at a client’s site. In the past, numerous third-party disposal sites have improperly managed waste and consequently require remedial action; consequently, any party utilizing these sites may be liable for some or all of the remedial costs. Despite our aggressive compliance and auditing procedures for disposal of wastes, we could further be notified, in the future, that we are a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) at a remedial action site, which could have a material adverse effect. 35 We have three environmental remediation projects, all within our discontinued operations, which principally entail the removal/remediation of contaminated soil, and, in most cases, the remediation of surrounding ground water. We expect to fund the expenses to remediate these sites from funds generated from operations. As of June 30, 2025, we had total accrued environmental remediation liabilities of $764,000, a decrease of $3,000 from the December 31, 2024 balance of $767,000. The decrease represents payments for our PFSG remediation project. As of June 30, 2025, the total balance of the accrued environmental remediation liabilities was recorded as long-term. Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks Not required for smaller reporting companies. Item 4. Controls and Procedures (a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management. As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer. Based on this recent assessment, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective as of June 30, 2025. (b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There was no other change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. PART II – OTHER INFORMATION Item 1. Legal Proceedings There are no material legal proceedings pending against us and/or our subsidiaries not previously reported by us in Item 3 of our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Additionally, there has been no other material change in legal proceedings previously disclosed by us in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. Item 1A. Risk Factors There has been no other material change from the risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, except as follows: The following additional Risk Factor under “Risks Relating to our Financial Performance and Position and Need for Financing” is as follows: We have sustained losses during the first six months of 2025. The Company sustained losses during the first six months of 2025. We believe that our results of operations should improve starting in the second half of 2025. If, however, we fail to become profitable on an annualized basis in the foreseeable future, this could have a material adverse effect on our operations, credit facility, liquidity and potential growth. Item 6. Exhibits (a) Exhibits 31.1 Certification by Mark Duff, Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a). 31.2 Certification by Ben Naccarato, Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a). 32.1 Certification by Mark Duff, Chief Executive Officer of the Company furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. 32.2 Certification by Ben Naccarato, Chief Financial Officer of the Company furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. 101.INS XBRL Instance Document* 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document* 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document* 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document* 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document* 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document* * Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data File in Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections. 36 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized. PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Date: August 7, 2025 By: /s/ Mark Duff Mark Duff President and Chief (Principal) Executive Officer Date: August 7, 2025 By: /s/ Ben Naccarato Ben Naccarato Chief (Principal) Financial Officer 37