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Item 1. Business

2023-03-22 compared with 2022-03-31 · 513 added, 173 removed, 98 unchanged (88% of the section changed)

LiqTech International, Inc.

is a clean technology company that provides state-of-the-art gas and liquid purification products by manufacturing ceramic silicon carbide filters.

is a clean technology company that provides state-of-the-art gas and liquid purification products by manufacturing ceramic silicon carbide filters, membranes and providing engineered systems.

For more than two decades, we have developed and manufactured products of re-crystallized silicon carbide.

We specialize in two business areas:

ceramic membranes for liquid filtration and diesel particulate filters (DPFs) to control soot exhaust particles from diesel engines.

We specialize in three business areas:

ceramic membranes for liquid filtration systems, diesel particulate filters (DPFs) to control soot exhaust particles from diesel engines, and plastic components for usage in various industries.

Using nanotechnology, we develop proprietary products using patented silicon carbide technology.

Our products are based on unique silicon carbide membranes that facilitate new applications and improve existing technologies.

We market our products from our offices in Denmark and local representatives and distributors across Europe, Middle East and Asia, with the products shipped directly to customers from our production facilities in Denmark.

We market our products from our office in Denmark and through local representatives and distributors.

The products are shipped directly to customers from our production facilities in Denmark.

The terms “LiqTech”, “we”, “our”, “us”, the “Company”

or any derivative thereof, as used herein, refer to LiqTech International, Inc., a Nevada corporation, together with its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, including LiqTech USA, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“LiqTech USA”), which owns all of the outstanding equity interest in LiqTech Holding A/S, a Danish limited company, organized under the Danish Act on Limited Companies of the Kingdom of Denmark (“LiqTech Holding”), together with its direct wholly-owned subsidiaries LiqTech Ceramics A/S (“LiqTech Ceramics”), LiqTech Water A/S (“LiqTech Water”), LiqTech Water Projects A/S (“LiqTech Water Projects”) and LiqTech Plastics A/S (“LiqTech Plastics”), all Danish limited companies organized under the Danish Act on Limited Companies of the Kingdom of Denmark, and LiqTech NA, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“LiqTech NA”).

Collectively, LiqTech USA, LiqTech Holding, LiqTech Ceramics, LiqTech Water, LiqTech Plastics, and LiqTech NA are referred to herein as our “Subsidiaries”.

We conduct and manage our operations from our office and manufacturing facilities in the Kingdom of Denmark, more specifically Hobro, Aarhus, and Ballerup in the Copenhagen area.

We are currently working to establish manufacturing operations in China.

We manufacture and sell a broad range of ceramic membranes and systems for the filtration of liquids and diesel particulate filters to control soot exhaust particles from diesel engines.

We also provide plastic parts through the recently acquired BS Plastic A/S for various internal and external industrial applications. 

or any derivative thereof, as used herein, refer to LiqTech International, Inc., a Nevada corporation, together with its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, which we collectively refer to herein as our “Subsidiaries”.  

At present, we conduct our operations in the Kingdom of Denmark.

Our Danish operations are located in the Copenhagen area, Hobro, and Aarhus.

We manufacture and sell a broad range of systems and products based on the application of our ceramic filters and membranes for the filtration of liquids and gases within a range of uses, such as industrial wastewater, acid purification, oil & gas, commercial pool, non-road machinery, marine, and other industrial applications.

We also provide engineered plastic parts and products for various internal and external industrial applications including the food & beverage and pharmaceutical industries. 

Silicon Carbide Ceramic Membranes for Liquid Filtration

For more than two decades, LiqTech has developed, manufactured, and sold innovative silicon carbide ceramic filtration technologies for liquid and gas purification.

Our product portfolio consists of silicon carbide ceramic filters for liquid purification and diesel particulate filters for gas purification.

Based on our continuous R&D, patented technologies, and evolved production methods, we are able to produce state-of-the-art silicon carbide filters.

Our products are manufactured with a silicon carbide ceramic membrane based on patented technology.

We are not aware of other companies that make both the substrate (honeycomb) and the membrane (the part that accomplishes the filtering) solely from silicon carbide.

Our products are based on the following silicon carbide membrane technologies:

CoMem ceramic membranes,  which are unique patented technology designed as a tubular membrane.

Our product portfolio consists of silicon carbide ceramic membranes for liquid purification and diesel particulate filters for emission control.

We also engineer, assemble and test engineered systems for water filtration applications.

Based on our continuous R&D efforts, patented technologies, and evolved production methods, we are able to produce state-of-the-art silicon carbide filters.

Our membranes are manufactured with a silicon carbide ceramic membrane based on our patented technology with the current portfolio consisting of:

CoMem Silicon Carbide (SiC) ceramic membranes,  a unique patented technology designed as a tubular membrane.

It utilizes a crossflow structure to handle high concentrations of suspended solids found in produced water from the oil and chemical industry, wastewater from industrial processes and manure filtration, and other applications.

It offers consistent removal of oil and suspended solids at high throughput rates regardless of feed conditions.

We offer onshore and offshore solutions and have extensive experience with produced water streams for fracking, gas condensate, and oil emulsions.

We believe our SiC filters are the best alternative to micro-flotation and walnut shell filters due to their cost savings, reduced installation cost, robustness, and reduced downtime.

Our chemically inert, plug-and-play membranes are extremely hard, chemically resistant, and durable ceramics with high flux (flow).

We offer onshore and offshore solutions and have experience within acid, chemicals and produced water streams.

We believe our SiC filters are the best alternative to micro filtration and walnut shell filters due to the operational efficiencies of our SiC filters including operating cost savings, reduced installation cost, and product resilience.

Our chemically inert, plug-and-play membranes are extremely hard, chemically resistant, and consisting of durable ceramics with high flux (flow).

SiC membranes are stronger, harder, longer-lasting, more temperature-resistant, and recover faster than conventional ceramic or polymeric membranes;

Flat sheet membranes (FSM) , which are designed for submerged outside-in filtration applications.

The FSM is highly applicable for wastewater reuse, groundwater, pre reverse osmosis treatment, and other applications.

LiqTech’s FSM towers can be customized with different rack sizes and tower heights.

The FSMs offer low energy consumption, maximum permeation, innovative rack design, and high flux;

Disc membranes , which are designed for the removal of high-suspended solids, oil droplets, and process water.

The disc membranes use outside-in filtration and have internal permeation channels, facilitating the removal of the solids.

A crossflow effect is generated through the discs' rotation at high velocities, which enables flow cleaning of the filter membrane surface.

This principle offers 80% energy savings compared to conventional cross-flow;

Aqua Solution ®, which integrates a dead-end structural design with cutting-edge membrane technology in a solution specifically designed for applications in the pre-treatment for reverse osmosis, wastewater treatment, and swimming pool and spa water filtration.

Our Aqua Solution® offers the same water flow as conventional sand filters, which typically require up to 400 times more space and have pore sizes at least three times larger than our SiC membranes.

Moreover, our Aqua Solution® reduces the number of membrane elements, pressure vessels, the water consumption for backwash, and the energy costs by offering high flow capabilities at very low pressure.

Also, it eliminates the consumption or maintenance of filter cartridges;

Hybrid Technology Membranes (HTM) , which is a new patented asymmetric membrane that combines the desired properties from silicon carbide (SiC) and zirconia (ZrO₂) ceramics.

Hybrid Technology Membranes (HTM) , a patented asymmetric membrane that combines the desired properties from silicon carbide (SiC) and zirconia (ZrO₂) ceramics.

With a pore size of 60 nanometers (nm), it is suitable for ultrafiltration applications.

This state-of-the-art membrane technology facilitates new separation processes and new filtration applications;

Aqua Solution ®, which integrates a dead-end structural design with cutting-edge membrane technology in a solution specifically designed for applications including pre-treatment, wastewater treatment, and swimming pool and spa water filtration.

The Aqua Solution® also reduces the number of membrane elements, pressure vessels, and overall reduces both water and energy consumption including lower CO2 footprint, by offering high-flow capabilities at very low pressure with improved filtration characteristics;

Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) for Gas Purification

We offer diesel particulate filters for exhaust emission control solutions to the verified retrofit and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) market through our direct sales force.

DPF sales are generally made to distributors specializing in sales to end-users.

We offer diesel particulate filters for exhaust emission control solutions to the verified retrofit and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) market through our direct sales force, and distributors specializing in sales to end-users.

We use a proprietary “nano wash coat”

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Our DPF products are sold worldwide under the LiqTech brand.

We have developed a robust silicon carbide diesel particulate filter that is especially effective for vehicles that produce a high soot load.

If properly maintained, a LiqTech DPF can last as long as the vehicle’s engine.

Our DPFs are ideal for off-road vehicles because of their strength, chemical non-reactive nature, temperature resilience, and thermal conductivity.

We have developed a robust silicon carbide diesel particulate filter that is especially effective for vehicles, generators, marine and non-road applications that produce a high soot load.

If properly maintained, a LiqTech DPF can last as long as the application machinery or engine.

Our DPFs are ideal for both on and off-road vehicles and machinery because of their strength, chemical non-reactive nature, temperature resilience, and thermal conductivity.

Our DPF filters can handle higher soot loads than filters that do not use a silicon carbide membrane, making them ideal for situations in which engines infrequently reach high enough temperatures to burn off the soot.

Examples include: 

Garbage trucks;

Port vehicles;

Garbage trucks and port vehicles;

Diesel pickup trucks not carrying a full load;

Off-road construction vehicles that idle for long periods of time;

Intra-city vehicles that do not reach highway speeds;

Future tightening legislation in the marine industry has also created a new opportunity for our DPF product to reduce black carbon emissions from shipping.

Turnkey Water Treatment Solutions

LiqTech develop, manufacture, and sell liquid filtration systems using our patented silicon carbide technology (sometimes also referred to herein as our “SiC Filters”).

Our current focus is on marine scrubber wastewater, hydrocarbon production-derived contaminated water, which we refer to herein as “produced water”, removal of heavy metals in mining and energy applications, pre-filtration for reverse osmosis in drinking water, and other industrial applications.

Our SiC ceramic membrane systems have been used in the following applications by our clients:

Marine Scrubber Wastewater:

 We supply water filtration systems for marine scrubber systems that may be employed on ships to reduce sulfur emissions stemming from heavy fuel oil (HFO) operations, allowing vessels to comply with the IMO 2020 sulfur cap.

To date, more than 250 water treatment systems have been installed because of orders from European and Asian scrubber technology providers, shipyards, and ship owners.

Off-road construction vehicles that idle for long periods of time;

Marine “black carbon” exhaust applications;

Back-up generators and general “gen-set” applications;

Liquids Filtration Systems & Solutions

LiqTech develops, manufactures, and sells liquid filtration systems using our patented silicon carbide technology (sometimes also referred to herein as our “Aqua Solution, SiC and HTM membranes”).

Our current focus is to strengthen our position within certain industrial applications such as acid purification, metal cooling, and hydrocarbon production-derived contaminated water, which we refer to herein as “produced water”.

Furthermore, we remain focused on our legacy segments within marine scrubber wastewater, pool, metal & mining, and other energy applications.

Our filtration systems have been used in the following applications by our clients:

Industrial Applications:

 We have delivered complete liquid filtration systems for aggressive fluid applications such as heavy metal removal for energy providers and water treatment systems for mining wastewater for European mining companies.

Furthermore, our systems have been deployed successfully to reduce OPEX and increase product quality in acid purification applications.

Produced Water:

 Our membrane systems can be used for the filtration of produced water, which is a byproduct of oil and gas production.

 Our systems can be used for the filtration of produced water, which is a byproduct of oil & gas production.

The amount of produced water varies from 0.1 to 10 times the amount of oil produced.

We have performed testing with major international private and public oil and gas companies.

Our solution is market-proven, approved by various international oil and gas companies, and applicable for onshore and offshore operations.

Pre-filtration of Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water :

To convert seawater or surface water into potable water, the seawater or surface water must be pre-filtered before entering the reverse osmosis membranes.

We have a market-proven solution for pre-filtration in reverse osmosis, tested by various customers all over the world.

Industrial Applications:

 We have delivered complete water treatment systems for specific targeted, aggressive fluid applications such as removing heavy metals for energy providers in Denmark and Finland and water treatment systems for mining wastewater for a European mining company.

In addition, our membrane systems have achieved meaningful results to reduce OPEX and increase product quality in acidic purification.

Producing Clean Drinking Water:

 The potential advantages of LiqTech SiC ceramic membranes in drinking water are numerous.

Some examples include groundwater removal of precipitated salts such as iron and manganese, surface water removal of organic suspended solids and humic acid, and seawater pre-filtration before reverse osmosis.

Food and Beverage Applications:

 High-quality filtration products for the food and beverage industry significantly reduce chemicals and wastewater taxes by installing a fully automated LiqTech membrane system.

We have performed testing with major international oil & gas operators.

Our solution is market-proven and applicable for onshore and offshore operations with a focus on enhanced oil recovery “EOR” for more sustainable operations.

 Our silicon carbide membrane technology can be deployed in filtration systems related to monoethylene glycol ("MEG") recovery within the oil & gas industry.

MEG is widely used by oil & gas producers in wellheads and pipelines to prevent hydrate formation in pipeline conditions.

In deep water offshore gas production facilities, where the exposure to lower temperatures in subsea pipelines is common, MEG is used for hydrate inhibition.

Together with our clients, we have demonstrated the SiC membrane technology performance and verified significant performance improvements to the MEG regeneration process when compared to other membrane technologies.

Marine Scrubber Wastewater:

 We supply water filtration systems for marine scrubber systems that may be deployed on ships to reduce sulfur emissions stemming from heavy fuel oil (HFO) operations, allowing vessels to comply with the IMO 2020 sulfur cap.

To date, more than 250 water treatment systems have been installed, with orders from European and Asian scrubber technology providers, shipyards, and ship owners.

Pool and Spa Water:

 We have supplied several turnkey water filtration systems for medium to very large public swimming pool installations in Europe.

Our SiC ceramic membranes provide unique advantages for the commercial pool filtration industry with the smallest footprint on the market, reduced water and chemical consumption, and consistent, high-quality water filtration.

Besides the applications mentioned above utilizing silicon carbide ceramic membranes, LiqTech has many other industrial water treatment applications that do not use ceramic membranes.

These applications include:

Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO):

 SWRO represents a brand-new LiqTech solution to turn seawater into potable water using polymeric membranes.

Through its high energy efficiency and guaranteed, consistent water quality, SWRO provides one of the most efficient and sustainable solutions to convert seawater into drinkable freshwater.

The LiqTech SWRO units are suitable for small commercial vessels, fishing boats, sailing boats, small port applications, and generally all places with access to seawater and where desalinated, potable water is needed.

Filter Press:

 The LiqTech Filter Press is a water sludge treatment system, enabling solid and liquid separation.

The filter press can convert sludge into a filter cake consisting of 80% dry matter, depending on the pressure and application.

One of the primary purposes of employing a filter press is to reduce discharge handling costs.

UV Disinfection:

 LiqTech is a distributor of UV-C LED Disinfection Systems.

UV-C LED disinfection technology can be used to purify water, air, and surfaces.

The solution provides reliable and low-cost disinfection to protect human health.

 We have supplied turnkey water filtration systems for medium to very large public swimming pool installations in Europe and Asia Pacific.

Our Aqua Solution ceramic membranes provide unique advantages for the commercial pool filtration industry in terms of reduced energy consumption, lower CO2 emissions, smaller footprint, reduced water and chemical consumption, and consistent, high-quality water filtration.

Food and Beverage Applications:

 Our high-quality filtration system can be deployed in the food and beverage industry to significantly reduce chemical and wastewater taxes.

Highly Flexible & Innovative Plastic Manufacturing

LiqTech provides highly flexible and innovative plastics manufacturing, focusing on machining, welding, bending, and solvent cementing.

With an intense focus on customer demands, LiqTech serves market leaders in the cleantech, pharma, food, healthcare, and graphics industries.

With an intense focus on customer demand, LiqTech serves market leaders in the clean technology, pharmaceuticals, foods, healthcare, and graphics industries.

Furthermore, LiqTech Plastics delivers benefits through vertical integration by manufacturing some key components for the fabrication and assembly into the Liquids Filtration Systems for pool and marine scrubber applications.

Our Competitive Strengths

Our products compete with other filters that are made of ceramic and polymeric materials.

Our products and systems compete with other filtration technologies that are made of ceramic and polymeric materials.

Most of our competitors are large industrial companies;

however, we believe our patented technology allows us to produce high-quality products that provide an advantage over many of our direct and, in many cases, larger competitors.

We intend to continue investing in R&D with the aim of developing new technologies and improving our existing products to reinforce our competitive advantages, retain our existing customers, and acquire new customers.

We intend to continue investing in R&D with the aim of developing new technologies and improving our existing products to strengthen our competitive advantages, retain our existing customers, and acquire new customers.

We believe the following strengths underpin our ability to increase revenue and profitability:

Advantages of Silicon Carbide Membranes:

 Our liquid filtration and diesel exhaust products utilize silicon carbide membranes, which have unique qualities that we believe make our products more effective than those of our competitors.

Advantages of Silicon Carbide Membranes and Filters:

 Our liquid filtration and diesel exhaust products utilize silicon carbide substrate and membrane technology, which have unique qualities that we believe make our products more effective than those of our competitors.

Unlike filtration products made of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide membranes are chemically inert and temperature resistant.

Furthermore, silicon carbide membranes exhibit a high degree of hydrophilicity (the tendency of a surface to become wet or absorb water), which results in unique flux (low energy consumption).

Silicon carbide is also very durable, and its hardness is only surpassed by diamonds, making it a highly desirable material for various abrasive fluids in industrial applications.

Furthermore, silicon carbide membranes exhibit a high degree of hydrophilicity (the tendency of a surface to become wet or absorb water), which results in unique high flux (and corresponding low energy consumption).

Silicon carbide is also very durable, and its hardness is only surpassed by select unique material compositions such as diamonds, making it a highly desirable material for various abrasive fluids in industrial applications.

As a result, we believe that such superior physical properties make our products desirable in both liquid filtration products and exhaust emission control products. 

Complete Systems Fabrication:

 LiqTech provides full fabrication and integration of our membranes into complete filtration systems made from corrosive-resistant materials and components.

We possess in-house engineering capabilities for process design, 3D modeling, and control.

Our professional staff of highly dedicated engineers and craftsmen take responsibility for the entire specification, engineering, fabrication, and commissioning process.

We believe that supplying our customers with turnkey solutions built upon our silicon carbide membranes is unique in the market.

LiqTech is more than a membrane supplier — LiqTech is also a complete water treatment system supplier. 

Complete Inhouse Systems Fabrication:

 LiqTech provides full fabrication and integration of our membranes into complete filtration systems made from corrision-resistant materials and components.

We possess in-house engineering capabilities for process design, 3D modeling, automation and control.

Our professional staff of dedicated engineers and craftsmen assume responsibility for the entire specification, engineering, fabrication, and commissioning process.

We believe that supplying our customers with a modular based system solution built upon our silicon carbide membranes is unique in the market, considering our vertical integration with inhouse manufacturing of silicon carbide products and engineered plastic components, coupled with the design, engineering and assembly of these integrated systems. 

Broad Application of LiqTech Membranes:

 Our membranes can be applied in a variety of applications, including filtration of marine scrubber wastewater, processing of industrial wastewater and produced water, pre-treatment of drinking water and pre-filtration for reverse osmosis, oil emulsion separation, bacteria removal for aquaculture, commercial swimming pool water treatment, food and beverages, and the separation of metals from liquids in industrial processes. 

 Our membranes can be applied in a variety of applications, including the filtration of industrial wastewater, separation of metals from liquids in industrial processes, marine scrubber wastewater, chemicals and produced water within oil & gas, oil emulsion separation, bacteria removal, commercial swimming pool water treatment, food and beverages, acid purification, etc.

Marketing and Manufacturing in Key Markets and Expanding to Other Markets:

 We have production and sales capacity in Europe, and we are planning to develop capacity in China and the Middle East.

We also sell our products through distributors and agents in many other countries such as China, Korea, Spain, UK, and France.

 While production is centered in Denmark, we have distribution, and sales capacity across multiple jurisdictions.

We also sell our products through distributors and agents in many other countries such as China, Korea, Spain, UK, France, Middle East, Singapore, and US.

Moreover, we have established customer relationships in more than 25 countries. 

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Our Strategy  

Our strategy is to create stockholder value by leveraging our competitive strengths in silicon carbide filters, membranes, and water treatment solutions through focus on discrete applications in key end markets.

Essential features of our strategy include:

Retain and acquire new customers within the global marine and oil & gas industries .  We currently provide water filtration systems for scrubber technology providers, shipowners, and ship operators as well as tailored filtration systems for oil & gas operators and services companies.

We are expanding our range of products to better leverage existing customer relationships and develop new relationships within the oil & gas, marine, and global chemical industries.

Enter new geographic markets and expand existing markets .

We plan to continue to manufacture and sell our products from our manufacturing centers in Denmark, and in the future, also from our manufacturing center in Taicang, China.

We work with distributors, agents, and partners to access other important geographic markets.

Strengthen our position in the DPF market.

 We believe that we have a strong position in the retrofit market for diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems.

We intend to advance our efforts to maintain our market position in this area.

Furthermore, we intend to leverage our OEM experience by expanding our presence with new products and in new markets relating to diesel particulate filter systems like black carbon reduction in the marine industry.

Develop and improve technologies and enter  

new end markets.

 We intend to continue developing our ceramic membranes and enhance the efficiency of our filtration products.

We intend to find new uses for our products through continuous research and development and plan to expand into new markets that offer the Company significant opportunities.

Focus on the development and sales of standardized water filtration and treatment systems.

 We will continue our focus on selling systems based on our unique SiC membranes.

We will also combine the ceramic membranes with other technologies to offer our customers complete filtration solutions.

Moreover, we will continue developing smaller standard systems like groundwater treatment and residential swimming pools.

Our strategy is to leverage our core competencies in material science, advanced filtration, and systems integration, creating differentiated products with compelling value propositions to penetrate attractive end markets with regulatory and ESG tailwinds.

Essential imperatives associated with our strategy include the following:

Develop and reinforce new products and applications to provide clean water and reduce pollution.

 We currently provide water filtration systems for scrubber technology providers, shipowners, and ship operators as well as tailored filtration systems for oil & gas operators and services companies.

We are expanding our range of products to better leverage existing customer relationships and develop new relationships within the oil & gas, marine, chemical, and other industries.

Better penetrate existing end markets where our value proposition is strong.

We have successfully sold products and installed systems into several end market segments--including automotive/transportation, clean water and pool filtration, marine, industrial wastewater, acid, and oil & gas applications.

We are focused on targeting and developing new customers in these end markets while working with distributors, agents, and partners to access other important geographic markets.

Develop new end markets for our core products and applications .

Our existing products and systems are relevant for and valuable to other end markets, and we regularly evaluate opportunities to develop strategic partners to perfect new applications and validate associated value propositions.

Our Industry  

We serve primarily two industries:

the liquid filtration market and the diesel particle filter (DPF) market.

Our goal is to leverage our products and technologies into industrial liquid filtration applications that offer significant growth opportunities and take advantage of favorable market trends.

Liquid Filtration Market

The market for marine water filtration systems is rapidly developing due to new regulations for sulfur and ballast water emissions.

Industry experts estimate that 8,000-10,000 ships will be retrofitted with a scrubber water treatment system over the next five years.

At the end of 2019, the industry statistics note that nearly 4,000 ships have installed or ordered scrubbers (according to the DNV GL report March 2020), with most installations being open-loop scrubbers.

Open-loop scrubbers discharge the wash water directly into the sea.

The addressable market for LiqTech is focused on closed-loop scrubbers, where the scrubber wash water is routed through the LiqTech filtration system to remove sulfur and other particulates, and the clean water is then recycled as wash water.

As noted above, the use of open-loop scrubbers to clean the exhaust from marine engines that use high-sulfur residual oil and diesel fuels may lead to the discharge of high concentrations of harmful compounds in the waters from vessels using such scrubbers.

Several trials have been conducted on board vessels by scrubber suppliers to define the constituent concentrations in wash water discharge.

The research concluded that scrubber wash water also contains suspended solids, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Before the scrubber wash water is discharged, it must be treated to remove solids.

LiqTech’s water treatment systems can be used to remove the solids from the wet scrubber wash water.

The treatment process includes a pre-filtration step followed by a LiqTech SiC membrane filtration.

Treated water quality is monitored (NTU, PAH, and pH) before discharge.

We believe that many of the open-loop scrubbers already installed will eventually be converted to closed-loop (where the LiqTech filtration system is employed), thus resulting in a significantly larger market for LiqTech.

The Company is globally engaging with scrubber equipment suppliers, ship owners/operators, and shipyards.

Furthermore, we present our water treatment and filtration solutions at marine conferences and trade shows, while also through digital marketing.

In addition to our marine scrubbers, LiqTech offers packaged filtration systems consisting of ceramic SiC and conventional reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes for industrial and municipal customers.

We anticipate that global demand will increase for robust and low operating expense products such as ours that are well-suited for mobile and modular systems.

RO membranes are increasingly used to produce drinking water (desalination of seawater or brackish water), demineralized water for industrial processes (boiler feed water, microelectronics production), and food processing and pharmaceuticals.

Moreover, many laboratories rely on pure water, for which demineralization is an essential step.

LiqTech is differentiated by what we believe is our superior SiC membrane technology and by being able to provide a complete water treatment system.

According to Global Industry Analyst report, dated April 2021, the global membrane filtration market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.3%, from $14 billion in 2020 to $20 billion in 2027.

Generally, we also see a growing, global demand for higher-quality re-injection water from unconventional oil and gas productions.

In addition, we see tightening water discharge legislation, increasing water usage (more water produced per barrel of oil), and the introduction of Enhanced Oil Recovery (“EOR”) techniques.

The tightening water discharge legislation is a problem for conventional treatment and filtration technologies;

however, our SiC Filters can mitigate these challenges, and we believe the increasing demand represents a favorable market trend for our business.

the liquid filtration market and the silicon carbide ceramic membrane & diesel particulate filter (DPF) market.

Our goal is to leverage our products and core technology and position our company to take advantage of favorable market trends.

Liquid Filtration Systems and Aftermarket

Water is essential to life on earth, and clean water shortages are affecting billions of people.

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According to the World Health Organization, approximately 361,000 children die every year due to unsafe water and lack of basic sanitation.

Due to the growing need for pure water for drinking and industrial purposes, the market for water filtration is growing rapidly, with more and larger plants being commissioned all over the world.

Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Market

In this context, our company seeks to deploy our unique filtration systems across industries to help unlock a more sustainable future with lower resource consumption and equally important more efficient and responsible operations, with the objective of creating both economic value and environmental benefits.

According to relevant industry research published in 2022, the global ceramic membrane market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.4%, from $5.4 billion in 2021 to $14.3 billion in 2030. LiqTech is differentiated by what we believe is our superior SiC membrane technology and our ability to provide a complete water treatment system for select industries and applications.

Our industrial applications within industrial wastewater e.g., metal cooling, diary and biomass, and more specific applications such as phosphoric acid purification, represent a core part of our strategic growth agenda.

We seek to leverage our innovative and patented SiC ceramic membrane technology by designing and deploying our filtration systems into complex and demanding industrial applications where our clients can benefit from both operational benefits and directly value creation.

Recent deployments have showcased attractive returns on investment, as our solutions yield both improved end product characteristics, lower operational costs and higher output.

We are currently focused on validating our value proposition and future market potential in order to more accurately assess the commercial potential within each industrial end-market segment.

The growth within the global industrial water & wastewater treatment market is projected to reach $7.7 billion by 2030 at a CAGR of 11.2% from 2021, based on relevant industry research.

Generally, we also see a growing global demand for higher-quality re-injection water from unconventional oil & gas productions.

In addition, we see tightening water discharge legislation, increasing water usage (more water produced per barrel of oil), and the introduction of Enhanced Oil Recovery (“EOR”) techniques as key growth drivers in this end market.

Furthermore, we have recently worked closely with industry partners to help validate and accelerate new applications within the global oil & gas industry as evidenced by the recent application for monoethylene glycol (MEG) recovery in the Mediterranean.

The tightening water discharge legislation and increased focus on EOR remain a problem for conventional treatment and filtration technologies;

however, our SiC filters can mitigate these challenges, and we believe the increasing demand for technology-based solutions within the global oil & gas industry represents a favorable market trend for our business as operators continue to focus on extending well lifetime and reduce operating costs and energy consumption.

The market for marine water filtration systems is dependent on the development of new regulations for sulfur and ballast water emissions.

Industry experts estimate that 8,000-10,000 ships will be retrofitted with a scrubber water treatment system over the next five years.

At the end of 2019, the industry statistics note that nearly 4,000 ships have installed or ordered scrubbers (according to the DNV GL report of March 2020), although most installations were open-loop scrubbers, which discharge the wash water directly into the sea.

The addressable market for LiqTech is focused on closed-loop scrubbers, where the scrubber wash water is routed through our filtration system to remove sulfur and other particulates, and the clean water is then recycled as wash water.

We believe that a portion of the open-loop scrubbers already installed eventually will be converted to closed-loop, thus resulting in a larger market for our solution, albeit with timing uncertainty considering the delayed regulatory stimulus and local port bans.

To position our company for future growth of marine scrubbers, we engage with scrubber equipment suppliers, ship owners/operators, and shipyards.

Furthermore, we present our water treatment and filtration solutions at marine conferences and trade shows, while also through digital marketing.

In addition to our industrial, oil & gas, and marine applications, our company offers industry-leading commercial pool filtration systems globally through distributors and local partners.

Based on more than 20 years of experience in the filtration industry, we have thoroughly developed a superior and cost-effective industrial pool filter system with a smaller footprint, lower chlorine consumption, and higher quality of water filtration.

Conventional technologies use large amounts of chemicals for disinfection, whereas our superior commercial pool system reduces chemical consumption.

We believe our offering is uniquely positioned to unlock future growth in the context of the global focus on ESG, considering that our commercial pool application delivers safe, clean, and clear water to our clients with lower energy consumption and reduced lifecycle costs.

The market for commercial pools in Europe alone was $1.5 billion in 2021 and expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2021 to 2028 based on relevant industry research published in June 2022.

Furthermore, our company has recently intensified its focus on aftermarket sales through service & maintenance agreements and general sale of spare parts to our clients and partners.

We intend to leverage the installed base of our filtration systems delivered and commissioned over the last decade by engaging with both new and existing clients to develop a closer and more comprehensive partnership structure and ultimately bundle our filtration system and aftermarket offering.

We believe the aftermarket segment represents robust growth fundamentals as clients and technology providers are increasingly focused on unlocking value through close collaboration, for which service and maintenance will yield improved customer satisfaction and growth.

Silicon Carbide Ceramic Membrane & Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Market

Our legacy business related to the provision of DPF filters is expected to continue growing across Asia, Europe, and the United States as regulators require diesel engines to comply with new and more stringent environmental rules and regulation.

In Europe, for example, German cities continue enforcing increased requirements for diesel engines to include DPF filters, with the same trend also taking place in select Asian countries.

Furthermore, our proprietary DPF technology has paved the way for new market opportunities such as black carbon marine, where our solutions allow both ocean-going and inland marine vessels to comply with current and future regulatory thresholds as defined by both IMO and regional regulators.

In Asia, we are currently intensifying our commercial efforts and expanding our regional manufacturing capabilities in China with the aim of capitalizing on its future market potential.

In Europe, for example, cities in Germany, and the Benelux countries are enforcing increasingly stringent requirements for diesel engines to include DPF filters, with the same trend also taking place in select Asian countries.

Furthermore, our proprietary DPF technology has paved the way for new market opportunities such as black carbon reduction in the marine industry, where our solutions allow both ocean-going and inland marine vessels to comply with current and future regulatory thresholds as defined by both IMO and regional regulators.

According to an industry publication (Diesel Particulate Filter –

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At the same time, pollution in major cities has reached high particulate matter levels.

As a result, the Chinese government has introduced additional regulations, including new emissions standards, faster than previously anticipated.

As a result, for example, the Chinese government has introduced additional regulations, including new emissions standards, faster than previously anticipated.

We also believe the high pollution levels will increase the need to retrofit existing vehicles.

Historically, our business has predominantly sold our ceramic membranes through integrated filtration system offerings with SiC, HTM, and Aqua Solution membranes embedded in the filtration systems offered to our partners, distributors, and end clients.

Recently, however, our company has intensified its focus on the direct sale of SiC and HTM membranes products to clients and integrators across jurisdictions to directly access the global market for ceramics membrane solutions in the context of the growing need for clean water and responsible handling of industrial wastewater, while also placing value-enhancing applications across core industrial processes such as acid purification, enhances oil recovery, etc.

Our company will work to accelerate market penetration and further validate perspectives on market potential and value proposition through detailed market studies and associated estimates of total addressable markets.

Research and Development

We have eighteen (18) full-time employees that are primarily engaged in research and development activities pertaining to the developing of technology and intellectual property rights related to silicon carbide product forms, applications, and manufacturing processes.

We have nine (9) full-time employees that are primarily engaged in R&D activities pertaining to the development of technology and intellectual property rights related to silicon carbide product forms, applications, and manufacturing processes.

Manufacturing

We currently manufacture our DPF and membrane products in Ballerup, Denmark.

We assemble our water treatment systems in Hobro, Denmark, and we manufacture plastic products in our facilities located in Aarhus, Denmark.

We plan to expand our production capacity in China and the Middle East, primarily through investment in additional facilities and manufacturing equipment for both membranes and filter products.

Raw Materials

The main raw materials we use in our manufacturing processes are silicon carbide, steel, plastic, platinum, and palladium.

We currently manufacture our membrane and DPF products in Ballerup, Denmark (Copenhagen area).

We assemble our water treatment systems in Hobro, Denmark, and we manufacture plastic products in our facility located in Aarhus, Denmark.

We plan to expand and optimize our production capacity within the existing facilities with further support from existing partnerships across Europe, Middle East, Asia, and Europe.

Raw Materials and Components

The main raw materials we use in our manufacturing processes are silicon carbide, steel, pumps, electrical components, plastic, platinum, and palladium.

We purchase these commodities from various sources generally based upon availability and price.

Sales, Marketing and Distribution  

Our products are sold primarily to large industrial customers for gas and liquid filtration.

The Company sells through direct sales, systems integrators, distributors, agents, and partners.

The Company initially focused on selling its DPF filters to the automotive industry.

In 2014, we acquired Provital Solutions, a Danish filtration system manufacturing company, which enabled us to shift our focus to providing complete, modular liquid filtration systems.

The Company’s liquid filtration systems business is now rapidly expanding, focusing on the marine industry and other industrial applications in mining, power generation, aquaculture, oil and gas, and other applications within the pool industry, water reclamation, and drinking water.

We plan to actively market our existing products to new customers as we increase our production capacity.

As of March 2022, we employed eleven (11) full-time salespeople in addition to distribution agents.

Sales, Marketing and Business Intelligence

Our products and services are sold both directly and indirectly to end clients across multiple jurisdictions and end-markets through direct sales, systems integrators, distributors, agents, and partners.

Our Company initially focused on selling DPF filters to the automotive industry to reduce exhaust gas emissions in diesel engines.

In 2014, we acquired Provital Solutions, a Danish filtration system manufacturing company, which enabled our Company to broaden our offering of products and systems for ceramics filters, SiC membranes and modular liquid filtration systems.

The liquid filtration systems business has become a highly complementary offering to our existing SiC membrane and DPF business.

We plan to actively market our existing products to new customers as we penetrate new markets and optimize our manufacturing capacity.

As of March 2023, we employed eleven (11) full-time sales, marketing and strategy people in addition to partnership and distribution agents.

We promote our products through direct sales to potential customers and marketing activities such as participation in tradeshows and exhibitions, with a heavy focus on digital marketing.

In certain instances, our products are delivered to the end customer through system integrators.

These system integrators use our filtration products in larger filtration systems, which eventually are installed in products used by the end customer.

Due to legislative regulation, system integrators are often required by end customers to receive approval for their systems, including the components used in such systems, which requires significant time and expenses.

As a result, we believe that certain system integrators that use our products will not replace our filters with competitive products unless there are compelling reasons to do so. 

These system integrators use our filtration products and membranes in larger filtration systems, which eventually are installed in systems used by the end customer.

Due to legislative regulation, system integrators are often required by the end customers to receive approval for their systems, including the components used in such systems, which requires significant time and expense.

As a result, we believe that certain system integrators using our products will not replace our filters with competitive products unless there are compelling reasons to do so. 

Intellectual Property

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We also believe that having distinctive names is an important factor in marketing our products and therefore use trademarks to brand some of our products.

As of March 2022, we had one trademark registration in the United States (LiqTech NA) and four trademark registrations in the European Union (AQUA SOLUTION, CoMem, CDPX, and FUTURE FILTRATION).

As of March 2023, we had three trademark registrations in China and four trademark registrations in Denmark (AQUA SOLUTION, CoMem, CDPX, and FUTURE FILTRATION).

We are also in the process of proactively renewing and developing new trademarks in select geographical areas.

Government Regulation

We do not believe that we are subject to any special governmental regulations affecting our products in the countries in which we operate.

We are subject to numerous health and safety laws and regulations.

In the United States, these laws and regulations include the Federal Occupation Safety and Health Act and comparable state legislation.

We are also subject to similar requirements in other countries in which we have extensive operations, including Denmark.

We do not believe that we are subject to any special governmental regulations affecting our products in the countries in which we operate, although we are subject to numerous health and safety laws and regulations.

We actively seek to maintain a safe, healthy, and environmentally friendly workplace for all of our employees and other stakeholders.

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It is our policy to comply with all applicable environmental requirements at each of our facilities.

We are subject to similar requirements in Denmark and other European countries.

From time to time, we have identified minor environmental compliance issues at our facilities.

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Competition  

Our products compete with other filters that are made using both ceramic and plastic membranes.

Our products compete with other filters that are made using polymer, silicon carbide ceramic, and aluminum oxide membranes.

Most of our competitors are large industrial companies;

however, we believe our patented technology, manufacturing know-how, and trade secrets allow us to produce high-quality products that provide an advantage over many of our competitors, many of which have greater financial, technological, manufacturing and personnel resources.

however, we believe our patented technology, manufacturing know-how, and trade secrets allow us to produce high-quality products that provide an advantage over most of our competitors, many of which have greater financial, technological, manufacturing and personnel resources.

We intend to continue to devote resources to the development of new technologies and the improvement of our products to retain existing customers and acquire new customers.

At December 31, 2021 we had 120 employees, including 67 in production, 12 in administration, 18 in research and development, 21 in sales and engineering and 2 in executive management.

At December 31, 2022 we had 105 employees, including 69 in production, 14 in administration, 9 in research and development, 11 in sales, marketing and strategy, and 2 in executive management.

Certain employees in Denmark are represented by workers’

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Additionally, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements, information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov .

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS  

There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, which may hinder our ability to obtain future financing.

Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 have been prepared under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern for the next twelve months.

As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $16.6 million and an accumulated deficit of $67.3 million.

There is substantial doubt that our cash and cash equivalents will not be sufficient for the next twelve months.

As a result of our financial condition and other factors described herein, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Our ability to continue as a going concern will depend on our ability to obtain additional funding, as to which no assurances can be given.

We continue to analyze various alternatives, including potentially obtaining debt or equity financings or other arrangements.

Our future success depends on our ability to raise capital.

We cannot be certain that raising additional capital, whether through selling additional debt or equity securities or obtaining a line of credit or other loan, will be available to us or, if available, will be on terms acceptable to us.

If we issue additional securities to raise funds, these securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of our common stock, and our current shareholders may experience dilution.

If we are unable to obtain funds when needed or on acceptable terms, we may be required to curtail our current development programs, cut operating costs, forego future development and other opportunities, or even terminate our operations.

The adverse effect to our business operations from the Ukraine & Russia conflict or similar political, social, regulatory, or economic tension may challenge our operational flexibility and financial performance.

The continuation of the war between Ukraine and Russia fuels uncertainty and risk to our business as we rely on the ability to manufacture, ship, service, and operate across multiple jurisdictions.

The war may result in sanctions and increased uncertainties, thus restricting our ability to service our clients and execute orders globally due to supply chain risk, import/export restrictions, and increased demand uncertainty.

Additionally, if customers are not successful in generating sufficient revenue or are precluded from securing financing the ongoing war, they may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, owed amounts to the Company for the provision of products and services.

Any inability of current or new potential customers to purchase or pay for our products may adversely affect our sales, earnings, and cash flow.

Sales and earnings could also be affected by our ability to manage the risks and uncertainties associated with changes in local legal requirements or the enforceability of laws and contractual obligations, trade protection measures, changes in tax laws, regional political instability, war, terrorist activities, severe or prolonged adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, and health epidemics or pandemics.

Prolonged period of inflationary pressure including risk of energy shortages and elevated electricity and energy prices in Europe.

The European energy crisis escalated in 2022 amid the Russia and Ukraine war with the rising cost of gas and electricity, fueling supply uncertainties and risk of energy shortage across Europe due to the lack of gas from Russia.

This resulted in decisive measures implemented by the European Union to help manage security of supply and establish new sources of gas.

Our business is heavily exposed to both gas and electricity prices, used to power our operating equipment and high-temperature kilns as well as heat the office and manufacturing buildings across Denmark.

Consequently, this rising energy cost inflation has negatively impacted our profitability and reduced our competitive position compared to competitors operating outside Europe where the energy crisis has been less pronounced.

The inflationary pressure on energy and gas prices may continue to negatively impact our business as prevailing core inflationary indicators remain above policy targets.

Increased macro-economic uncertainty and its effects on our business operations and financial condition.

The uncertain macroeconomic environment caused by the ongoing war in Ukraine, European energy crisis, and general uncertainty related to the global economy may adversely affect our results and could have a negative impact on timing, delivery and demand for our products and services.

Customers, suppliers, and partners may experience business disruptions due to unplanned market volatility, supply chain restrictions, or lack of funding due to increased cost of capital.

As a result, our customers may modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase our products and services to help mitigate the impact from the prevailing macro-economic uncertainty.

Our business has been rightsized to help protect our profitability and cashflow, however we remain exposed to near term market fundamentals as we rely on short lead time products and orders that may be cancelled if customers are facing weakened end-market demand or increased uncertainty.

The resurgence of COVID-19 or similar pandemics could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition in the future.

Our business could be adversely affected by a resurgence of COVID-19 or similar pandemics as evidenced by the global ramifications of the novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (COVID-19).

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in authorities worldwide implementing numerous measures to contain or mitigate the outbreak of the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, border controls, limitations on business activity, social distancing requirements, quarantines, and shelter-in-place orders.

These measures caused business slowdowns or shutdowns in affected areas, both regionally and worldwide.

Since 2020, management has initiated several precautionary initiatives across our business in accordance with local regulations and guidelines to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and to prepare for future pandemics.

These precautions have impacted the way we carry out our business, including additional sanitation and cleaning procedures in our production and other facilities, temperature and symptom confirmations, and remote working when required.

As evidenced during the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of a prolonged pandemic could result in an extended negative impact on investment across industries.

In addition, COVID-19 or similar pandemics could negatively impact the financial position of our customers or those of our collaboration partners, making it difficult to collect receivables or milestone payments.

Moreover, our business and results of operations could be exposed to risks associated with uncollectible amounts or defaults on contractual payment obligations.

If we are unable to generate sufficient cash from operations due to the impacts of future pandemics, we may need to raise additional funds.

The duration and severity of any future pandemics remains uncertain as exemplified by the rapid increase in the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2021, thus there can be no assurance that it will not have an adverse effect on our liquidity and capital resources, including our ability to access capital markets, in the future, on terms that are favorable to us, or at all.

Historically, we have been dependent on a few major customers for a significant portion of the Company ’

Our revenue could decline if we are unable to maintain or develop relationships with additional customers and our results of operations could be adversely affected if any one of these customers is unable to meet their financial obligations to us.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, our four largest customers accounted for approximately 13%, 9%, 6%, and 4% of our net sales (approximately 31% in total).

For the year ended December 31, 2021, our four largest customers accounted for approximately 12%, 10%, 9%, and 6% of our net sales (approximately 37% in total).

If we are unable to diversify our customer base, our future results will be heavily dependent on these customers.

Our dependence on a limited number of customers means that the loss of a major customer or any reduction in orders by a major customer would materially reduce our net sales and adversely affect our results of operations.

We expect that sales to relatively few customers will continue to account for a significant percentage of our net sales for the foreseeable future;

however, these customers or our other customers may not use our products at current levels in the future, if at all.

We have no firm, long-term volume commitments from any of our major customers, and we generally enter into individual purchase orders with our customers, in certain cases under master agreements that govern the terms and conditions of the relationship.

We have experienced delays or cancellations of orders and fluctuations in order levels from period to period and expect that we will continue to experience such delays, cancellations, and fluctuations in the future.

Customer purchase orders may be delayed or cancelled, and order volume levels can be changed with limited or no penalties.

We may not be able to replace cancelled, delayed, or reduced purchase orders with new orders.

If any one of these customers reduces its demand for our products, it will likely have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Furthermore, a significant portion of our accounts receivable is concentrated with a few major customers, who may not be able to meet their financial obligations to us.

The failure of any such customer to pay amounts owed to us in a timely fashion or at all could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. The Company is also exposed to credit risk on its accounts receivable, and this risk is heightened during periods when economic conditions worsen.

The Company’s outstanding receivables are not covered by collateral or potential credit insurance.

The Company's exposure to credit and collection risk on its receivables may also be higher in certain international markets, and its ability to mitigate such risks may be limited.

While the Company has procedures to monitor and limit exposure to credit risk on its receivables, there can be no assurance such procedures will effectively limit our credit risk and avoid losses.

The impact on our business operations and financial condition if we fail to restore financial stability through improved profitability and access to adequate liquidity.

Our business has undergone significant changes in 2022 to help restore financial flexibility to the Company through an enhanced capital structure, improved profitability, and reduced investments.

Our ability to achieve financial beak-even is heavily dependent on external macroeconomic and competitive industry dynamics that are outside of our control;

therefore, our business may not achieve its financial objectives in a period with increased competition or weakening market fundamentals.

Furthermore, future growth and possibly future strategic acquisitions may require public or private equity offerings or debt financings.

Additional funds may not be available when we need them on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all.

If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, or reduce the scope of our plans to grow our revenues, to pass on one or more strategic acquisitions, or to scale back our business plans.

In addition, we could be forced to reduce or forgo attractive business opportunities.

To the extent that we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, our stockholders may experience significant dilution.

In addition, debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants.

We may seek to access the public or private capital markets whenever conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time.

Our access to the financial markets and the pricing and terms we receive in the financial markets could be adversely impacted by various factors, including changes in financial markets and interest rates.

The potential interruption or failure to obtain raw materials and components at affordable prices caused by continued global and regional supply chain constraints could negatively affect our ability to supply products to our customers and negatively affect our profit and delay revenue.

We use silicon carbide, steel, plastic, platinum, and palladium in the manufacturing process.

As other industries develop products utilizing silicon carbide, we may not be able to obtain adequate supplies of silicon carbide required for the manufacture of our existing and future products that would prevent us from supplying products to our customers and materially affect our business.

Furthermore, any increased demand for, the raising of tariff rates on, or an increase of non-tariff trade barriers that apply to silicon carbide, steel, plastic, platinum, or palladium could increase the price we must pay to obtain it and could adversely affect our profitability, which would have an adverse effect on our financial results.

Furthermore, fluctuation in demand for ceramics or global bottlenecks in shipping may result in supply chain constrains and longer lead time on key components which may result in delayed order shipments or risk of cancellation from clients demanding short lead times.

We may rely on subcontractors to meet current demand for our products, and we may need to obtain additional manufacturing capacity to increase production of our existing products or to produce our proposed new products, the failure of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

We may not have sufficient internal manufacturing capacity to meet the current demand for our products, and we may need to rely on subcontractors to enable us to meet this demand.

Since we may rely on our subcontractors for part of our production capacity, the loss of the services from our subcontractors would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our plans for the growth of our business rely upon increasing sales of our existing products and systems and developing and marketing new products.

We may not have adequate internal manufacturing facilities to substantially increase production of our products, and obtaining additional manufacturing capacity in-house could require substantial capital expenditures.

We may not have the capital resources to obtain or expand manufacturing capacity and meet increasing demand for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Conversely, any significant decrease in demand for our products could create idle plant capacity and an inability to cover fixed costs, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

If we are unable to manage our expected growth, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

We expect to expand our operations by increasing our production capacity and penetrating new markets.

The growth of our business could place significant strain on our management, operational, and financial resources.

To manage our future growth, we could be required to improve existing or implement new operational or financial systems, procedures, and controls as well as to expand, train, and manage a growing employee base.

Our failure to accomplish any of these tasks could materially and adversely affect our business.

We also may not recognize the anticipated benefits of completed dispositions or other divestitures we may pursue in the future.

Our success will depend, to a large degree, on the expertise and experience of the members of our management team, the loss of whom could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our success is, to a large degree, dependent upon the expertise and experience of the management team and its ability to attract and retain qualified personnel who are technically proficient.

The loss of the services of one or more of such personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to continue to attract and retain such personnel.

We will need to add qualified additional personnel as we expand our business, and we may not be able to employ such persons, which could affect our ability to expand and have a material adverse effect on our business.

To expand our product offerings and customer base, we will need to hire additional qualified personnel.

We may not be able to identify such persons, and even if we identify them in periods with low unemployment and increased wage inflation, we may not have the funds or ability to employ them, which could have a material adverse effect on our business expansion. 

Adverse conditions, regulatory challenges, or lack of funding for emission control programs may delay or negatively affect our future growth and market potential within the transportation and marine industries.

Global health crises such as the COVID-19 or significant macro-economic uncertainty exacerbated by the current Ukraine and Russia war and high inflationary environment can significantly impact our company, customers, and suppliers.

For example, the global shipping industry has been negatively impacted by the coronavirus outbreak and may be further adversely affected by an extended shutdown of various businesses or delayed implementation of regulatory frameworks and environmental policies.

This, in turn, could adversely affect the demand for our marine scrubbers as ship owners delay or even cancel their orders for new closed-loop scrubber systems.

Future growth of our business depends in part on the availability of funding for emissions control programs, which can be affected by economic as well as political reasons that are beyond our control.

If such funding is not available, or delayed, it can negatively affect our future growth prospects.

In addition to funding, we also expect that our future business growth will be driven, in part, by the enforcement of existing emissions-related environmental regulations and tightening of emissions standards worldwide, where regulations and standards are frequently contested in litigation.

For example, our ability to expand our business in the marine industry is dependent on the effective implementation of IMO 2020, which requires the burning of low-sulfur oil for marine vessels or the inclusion of marine scrubber technology.

During the IMO meeting in November 2021, a number of proposals for further mid-term GHG reduction measures were discussed, including market-based measures, to address GHG emissions from shipping, as well as a proposal to establish an International Maritime Research and Development Board;

however, no immediate regulation was imposed.

If existing regulations and emissions standards do not continue to become stricter, are loosened, or are not enforced by governmental authorities due to commercial and business pressure, economic conditions, or otherwise, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and long-term prospects.

We face constant changes in governmental standards by which our products are evaluated, and if we cannot meet any such changes, some of our products could become obsolete, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We believe that, due to the intensifying focus on the environment and clean air and water standards throughout the world, new requirements to adhere to more stringent regulations are possible in the future as governmental agencies seek to promote clean air and water along with new product certifications.

In the event that our products fail to meet these evolving standards, some or all of our products may become obsolete, which could have an adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and long-term prospects.

Our international operations are exposed to potential adverse tax consequence.

Our international operations create a risk of potential adverse tax consequences.

Taxes on income in future internationally-based operations are dependent upon acceptance of our operational practices and intercompany transfer pricing by local tax authorities as being on an arm's length basis.

Due to inconsistencies among taxing authorities in application of the arm's length standard, transfer pricing challenges by tax authorities could, if successful, materially increase our consolidated income tax expense.

We will be subject to tax audits, and an audit could result in the assessment of additional income tax against us.

This could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or cash flows in the period or periods for which that determination is made and could result in increases to our overall tax expense in subsequent periods.

Adverse impact on our business due to increased interest rates, tightening debt capital markets, and market volatility.

Our business and capital structure are dependent upon our ability to raise financing and optimize our cash management activities through timely access to credit and loan markets at attractive terms.

The prevailing uncertainty and increased interest rates, represent a significant risk to our business as we are relying upon our ability to refinance our capital structure and maintain access to relevant financing.

Furthermore, increased interest rates may entail increased uncertainty and cash flow constraints including the inability to company with existing debt service commitment.

Increased market and interest rate uncertainty may also elevate execution risk and ultimately restrict the ability for our company to refinance our debt obligations.

Foreign currency fluctuations could adversely impact financial performance.

Our reporting currency is the United States Dollar ($).

Because of our activities in Denmark, the European Continent, Middle East, U.S., and other countries, we are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency rates.

Most income and expense-related transactions are denominated in currencies other than the reporting currency and a certain portion of the excess cash balances may be held in other currencies or in bank accounts outside of the United States, causing risks of currency fluctuations when translating balances to the reporting currency at the end of the reporting period.

We may manage the risk to such exposure through active cash flow management, and in some cases, by entering into foreign currency futures and option contracts;

however, we can make no assurance that such actions will be sufficient to offset a material adverse effect on our operations in the future. As of December 31, 2022, we have not entered into any derivate contracts to hedge our currency exposure.

Our inability to protect our intellectual property rights could negatively affect our business and results of operations.

Our ability to compete effectively depends in part upon developing, maintaining, and/or protecting intellectual property rights relevant to our re-crystallized silicon carbide product forms, applications, and manufacturing processes.

We rely principally on a combination of patent protection, trade secrets, confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements, and trusted business relationships to establish, maintain, and protect the intellectual property rights relevant to our business.

These measures, however, may not be adequate in every given case to permit us to gain or retain any competitive advantage, particularly in those countries where the laws do not protect our proprietary rights as fully as those in the United States.

In particular, because silicon carbide is a well-known material (developed over 100 years ago), and there has been extensive research, development, and publication related to this material and its wide range of applications, obtaining intellectual property rights to key elements of silicon carbide technology can be challenging.

Accordingly, at least some of the technology employed in our manufacture of re-crystallized silicon carbide products is not protected by patents.

Where we consider it appropriate, we seek patent protection in the United States and other countries for technologies used in, or relating to, our re-crystallized silicon carbide product forms, applications, and manufacturing processes.

The issuance of a patent is not conclusive as to its scope, validity, and enforceability.

Thus, any patent or patent application which may issue into a patent held by us could be challenged, invalidated, or held unenforceable in litigation or proceedings before the U.S.

Patent and Trademark Office and/or other patent tribunals, or they may be circumvented by others.

No consistent policy regarding the breadth of patent claims has emerged to date in the United States, and the landscape could become more uncertain in view of future rule changes by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the introduction of patent reform legislation and decisions in patent law cases by United States federal courts.

The patent landscape outside of the United States is even less predictable.

As a result, the validity and enforceability of patents cannot be predicted with certainty.

In addition, we may fail to apply for patents on important technologies or product candidates in a timely fashion, if at all, and our existing and future patents may not be sufficiently broad to prevent others from practicing our technologies or from developing competing products or technologies, especially given the long history of silicon carbide development. 

Our patent strategy involves complex legal and factual questions.

Our ability to maintain and solidify our proprietary technology may depend in part upon our success in obtaining patent rights and enforcing those rights once granted or licensed.

We do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of any patents.

Our issued patents and those that may be issued in the future may be challenged, invalidated, rendered unenforceable, or circumvented, which could limit our ability to prevent competitors from marketing similar or related products, or shorten the term of patent protection that we may have for our products, processes, and enabling technologies.

In addition, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with competitive advantages against competitors with similar technology.

Furthermore, our competitors may independently develop similar technologies, duplicate technology developed by us, or otherwise possess intellectual property rights that could limit our ability to manufacture our products and operate our business. 

We also rely on trade secret protection for our confidential and proprietary information.

Trade secrets, however, can be difficult to protect.

We may not be able to maintain our technology or know-how as trade secrets, and competitors may develop or acquire equally valuable or more valuable technology or know-how related to the manufacture of comparable silicon carbide products.

We also seek to protect our confidential and proprietary information, in part, by requiring all employees, consultants, and business partners to execute confidentiality and/or nondisclosure agreements upon the commencement of any employment, consulting arrangement, or engagement with us.

These agreements generally require that all confidential and proprietary information developed by the employee, consultant, or business partner, or made known to the employee, consultant, or business partner by us, during the relationship with us, be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties.

These agreements may be breached and may not provide adequate remedies in the event of breach.

To the extent that our employees, consultants, or business partners use intellectual property owned by others in their work for and/or with us, disputes could arise as to the rights in related or resulting technologies, know-how, or inventions.

Moreover, while we also require customers and vendors to execute agreements containing confidentiality and/or nondisclosure provisions, we may not have obtained such agreements from all of our customers and vendors.

In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently discovered by competitors, customers, or vendors.

Such customers or vendors may also be subject to laws and regulations that require them to disclose information that we would otherwise seek to keep confidential.

Moreover, others may independently develop and obtain patents covering technologies that are similar or superior to the product forms, applications, or manufacturing processes that we employ.

If that happens, we may need to obtain licenses for these technologies and may not be able to obtain licenses on reasonable terms, if at all, which could limit our ability to manufacture our future products and operate our business.

In addition, third parties could utilize our intellectual property rights in territories where we do not have intellectual property protection.

Such third parties may then try to import products made using our intellectual property rights into the United States or other countries, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our contracts with third parties could negatively affect our intellectual property rights.

To further strengthen our product development efforts, we continue to work closely with customers and other third parties to research and develop advancements in silicon carbide product forms, applications, manufacturing processes, and related products and technologies.

In some instances, the research and development activities that we conduct with customers and other third parties may produce intellectual property to which we may not have ownership or exclusive rights and will be unable to protect or monetize.

Furthermore, there could be disputes between us and a private third party as to the ownership rights to any inventions that we develop in collaboration with such third party.

Any such dispute may cause us to incur substantial costs and could place a significant strain on our financial resources, divert the attention of management from our core business, or harm our reputation. 

We could become subject to intellectual property litigation that could be costly, limit or cancel our intellectual property rights, divert time and efforts away from business operations, require us to pay damages, and/or otherwise have an adverse material impact on our business.

The success of our business is highly dependent on protecting our intellectual property rights.

Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products and/or enabling technologies.

Policing the unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights is difficult and expensive, as is enforcing these rights against unauthorized use by others.

Identifying unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights is difficult because we may be unable to monitor the processes and/or materials being employed by other parties.

The steps we have taken may not prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights, particularly in foreign countries where enforcement of intellectual property rights may be more difficult than in the United States.

Our continued commercial success will also depend in part upon not infringing the patents or violating the intellectual property rights of third parties.

We are aware of patents and patent applications generally relating to aspects of our technologies filed by, and issued to, third parties.

Nevertheless, we cannot determine with certainty whether such patents or patent applications of other parties may materially affect our ability to conduct our business.

There may be existing patents of which we are unaware that we may inadvertently infringe, resulting in claims against us or our customers.

In the event that the manufacture, use, and/or sale of our products or processes is challenged, or if our product forms or processes conflict with the patent rights of others, third parties could bring legal actions against us or our customers in the United States, Europe, or other countries, claiming damages and seeking to enjoin the manufacturing and/or marketing of our products.

Additionally, it is not possible to predict with certainty what patent claims may issue from any relevant third-party pending patent applications.

Third parties may be able to obtain patents with claims relating to our product forms, applications, and/or manufacturing processes which they could attempt to assert against us or our customers.

In any case, litigation may be necessary to enforce, protect or defend our intellectual property rights or to determine the validity and scope of the intellectual property rights of others.

Any litigation could be unsuccessful, cause us to incur substantial costs, divert resources and the efforts of our personnel away from daily operations, harm our reputation, and/or result in the impairment of our intellectual property rights.

In some cases, litigation may be threatened or brought by a patent-holding company or other adverse patent owner who has no relevant product revenues and against which our patents may provide little or no deterrence.

If we are found to infringe any patents, we could be required to (1) pay substantial monetary damages, including lost profits, reasonable royalties, and/or treble damages if an infringement is found to be willful and/or (2) totally discontinue or substantially modify any products or processes that are found to be in violation of another party’s intellectual property rights.

If our competitors are able to use our technology without payment to us, our ability to compete effectively could be harmed.

We face competition and technological advances by competitors, which could adversely affect the sales of our products.

The growth of our Company depends in part on maintaining and growing the sales of our current products in existing and new markets, but also in developing new products and technologies.

There is significant competition among companies that provide solutions for pollutant emissions from diesel engines and liquids purification.

Several companies market products that compete directly with our products.

Other companies offer products that potential customers may consider to be acceptable or superior alternatives to our products and services, including products that are verified by the Environmental Protection Agency or other environmental authorities.

We face direct competition from companies with greater financial, technological, manufacturing, and personnel resources.

Newly developed products could be more effective and cost-efficient than our current or future products.

Any liability for environmental harm or damages resulting from technical faults or failures of our products could be substantial and could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Customers rely upon our products to meet emissions control standards imposed upon them by regulatory bodies.

Failure of our products to meet such standards could expose us to claims from customers.

Our products are also integrated into goods used by consumers, and therefore a malfunction or the inadequate design of our products could result in product liability claims.

Any liability for environmental harm or damages resulting from technical faults or failures could be substantial and could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.

In addition, a well-publicized actual or perceived problem could adversely affect the market’s perception of our products, which would materially impact our financial condition and operating results.

We could become liable for damages resulting from our manufacturing activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business or cause us to cease operations.

The nature of our manufacturing operations exposes us to potential claims and liability for environmental damage, personal injury, loss of life and damage to, or destruction of, property.

Our manufacturing operations are subject to numerous laws and regulations that govern environmental protection and human health and safety.

These laws and regulations have changed frequently in the past, and it is reasonable to expect additional and more stringent changes in the future.

Our manufacturing operations may not comply with future laws and regulations, and we may be required to make significant unanticipated capital and operating expenditures to bring our operations within compliance with such evolving regulations.

If we fail to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations, manufacturing guidelines, and workplace safety requirements, governmental authorities may seek to impose fines and penalties on us or to revoke or deny the issuance or renewal of operating permits, and private parties may seek damages from us.

Under such circumstances, we could be required to curtail or cease operations, conduct site remediation or other corrective action, or pay substantial damage claims for which we may not have sufficient or any insurance coverage for claims.

A significant portion of our assets and some of our officers and directors may be located outside of the United States;

therefore, it may be difficult for an investor to enforce within the United States any judgments obtained against us or such officers and directors.

A significant portion of our assets are located outside of the United States.

In addition, the majority of our officers and some of our directors are nationals and/or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of such persons’

assets are located outside of the United States.

As a result, it may be difficult for an investor to affect service of process or enforce within the United States any judgments obtained against us or such officers or directors, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.

In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of other jurisdictions would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors and officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof, or be competent to hear original actions brought in other jurisdictions against us or such officers and directors predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof. 

We have signed partnership, distribution, and joint venture agreements and may engage in additional collaborations, joint ventures, or strategic alliances in the future, and we may not realize the benefits of such arrangements.

From time to time, we may enter into partnership, exclusivity, distribution, or joint venture agreements.

Establishment of these agreements involves significant risks and uncertainties, including (i) our inability to cooperate with our local partner, (ii) our local partner having economic, business, or legal interests or goals that are inconsistent with ours, and (iii) the potential that our local partner may be unable to meet its economic or other obligations, which may require us to fulfill those obligations alone.

In any joint venture in which we engage, we will rely on our local partner for the implementation of much of any such joint venture operation, and the success of any such operation is thus not entirely within our control.

Any failure or perceived failure of a joint venture may have a material impact on our operations and financial condition.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, and current and potential stockholders may lose confidence in our financial reporting.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires our management to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and to disclose in our filing if such controls were unable to provide assurance that a material error would be prevented or detected in a timely manner.

We have an ongoing program to review the design of our internal controls framework in keeping with changes in business needs, implement necessary changes to our controls design, and test the system and process controls necessary to comply with these requirements.

If our internal controls over financial reporting are determined to be ineffective, resulting in material weaknesses and/or significant deficiencies, investor perceptions regarding the reliability of our financial statements may be adversely affected, which could cause a decline in the market price of our stock and otherwise negatively affect our liquidity and financial condition.

In Item 9A, we disclose that, with respect to the standards of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404 and the internal controls standard to which we are subjected, we reported material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting.

For additional information on this item, please see Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures.

Although we believe our historical efforts have strengthened our internal control over financial reporting (and we concluded that our financial statements were reliable, notwithstanding the material weakness we reported), we cannot be certain that our revised internal control practices will ensure that we will have or maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting in future periods.

Any failure to have or maintain such internal controls could adversely impact our ability to report our financial results accurately and on a timely basis.

If our financial statements are not accurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations.

We may have risks associated with security of our information technology systems.

We make significant efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our information technology systems and data.

Despite significant efforts to create security barriers to such systems, it is virtually impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.

There is a risk of industrial espionage, cyber-attacks, misuse or theft of information or assets, or damage to assets by people who may gain unauthorized access to our facilities, systems, or information.

Such cybersecurity breaches, misuse, or other disruptions could lead to the disclosure of confidential information;

improper usage and distribution of our intellectual property;

theft, manipulation, and destruction of private and proprietary data;

and production downtimes.

Although we actively employ measures to prevent unauthorized access to our information systems, preventing unauthorized use or infringement of our rights is inherently difficult.

These events could adversely affect our financial results, and any legal action in connection with any such cybersecurity breach could be costly and time-consuming, may divert management’s attention and adversely affect the market’s perception of us and our products.

In addition, we must frequently expand our internal information system to meet increasing demand in storage, computing, and communication, which may result in increased costs.

Our internal information system is expensive to expand and must be highly secure due to the sensitive nature of our customers’

information that we transmit.

Building and managing the support necessary for our growth places significant demands on our management and resources.

These demands may divert such resources from the continued growth of our business and implementation of our business strategy.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMMON STOCK

Future equity financings or convertible debt would dilute your ownership and could adversely affect your common stock ownership rights in comparison with those of other security holders.

Our Board of Directors has the power to issue additional shares of common or preferred stock without stockholder approval.

In general, stockholders do not have preemptive rights to any common stock issued by us in the future;

therefore, stockholders may experience additional dilution of their equity investment if we issue additional shares of common stock in the future, including shares issuable under equity incentive plans, or if we issue securities that are convertible into shares of our common stock. 

If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage of ownership of our existing stockholders will be reduced, and such newly issued securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders.

If we issue additional common stock or securities convertible into common stock, such issuance will reduce the proportionate ownership and voting power of each other stockholder.

In addition, such stock issuances might result in a reduction of the market value of our common stock, which could make our stock unattractive to existing stockholders.

We will not receive a significant amount, or potentially any, additional funds upon the exercise of our pre-funded warrants;

however, any exercise would increase the number of shares eligible for future resale in the public market and result in substantial dilution to our stockholders.

As of December 31, 2022, we have issued pre-funded warrants to purchase a total of 31,440,000 shares of our common stock, of which none have been exercised.

Each pre-funded warrant is exercisable for $0.001 per share of common stock underlying such pre-funded warrant, which may be paid by way of a cashless exercise, meaning that the holder may not pay a cash purchase price upon exercise, but instead would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the pre-funded warrant.

Accordingly, we will not receive a significant amount, or potentially any, additional funds upon the exercise of the pre-funded warrants.

To the extent such pre-funded warrants are exercised, additional shares of common stock will be issued for nominal or no additional consideration, which will result in substantial dilution to the then existing holders of our common stock and will increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public market.

Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the market price of the common stock, causing our stock price to decline.

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws could discourage a change in control, or an acquisition of us by a third party, even if the acquisition would be favorable to you, thereby adversely affecting existing stockholders.

Our articles of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that may have the effect of making it more difficult or delaying attempts by others to obtain control of our Company, even when these attempts may be in the best interests of stockholders.

For example, our articles of incorporation authorize our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, to issue one or more series of preferred stock, which could have voting and conversion rights that adversely affect or dilute the voting power of the holders of common stock.

These provisions and others that could be adopted in the future could deter unsolicited takeovers or delay or prevent changes in our control or management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then-current market prices.

These provisions may also limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests.

There is limited trading volume of our common stock, which could make it difficult for you to liquidate an investment in our common stock in a timely manner.

Since April 16, 2019, our common stock has been traded on Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker LIQT.

Because there is limited volume in our common stock, investors may not be able to liquidate their investments when they desire to do so.

In addition, if we fail to meet the criteria set forth in SEC and Nasdaq Capital Market rules and regulations, various requirements would be imposed by law on broker-dealers who sell our securities to persons other than established customers and accredited investors.

Consequently, such regulations may deter broker-dealers from recommending or selling our common stock, which may further affect its liquidity.

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they downgrade us or our sector, the price of our common stock could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business.

Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades us, the industry in which we operate, or the stock of any of our competitors, the price of our common stock may decline.

If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage altogether, we could lose visibility, which could also lead to a decline in the price of our common stock. 

The market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile.

The market price of our common stock has been volatile and fluctuates widely in response to various factors that are beyond our control.

The price of our common stock is not necessarily indicative of our operating performance or long-term business prospects.

In addition, the securities markets have from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies.

These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Factors such as the following could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially:

the underlying price of the commodities that affect our key markets of industrial water filtration, marine, and oil & gas;

announcements of capital budget changes by major customers;

the introduction of new products by our competitors;

announcements of technology advances by us or our competitors;

current events affecting the political and economic environment in the United States, Europe, or Asia;

conditions or industry trends, including demand for our products, services, and technological advances;

changes to financial estimates by us or by any securities analysts who might cover our stock;

additions or departures of our key personnel;

government regulation of our industry;

seasonal, economic, or financial conditions;

our quarterly operating and financial results;

litigation or public concern about the safety of our products;

the effect of macro-economic uncertainty, COVID-19, or other pandemics.

The realization of any of these risks and other factors beyond our control could cause the market price of our common stock to decline significantly.

In particular, the market price of our common stock may be influenced by changes in governmental regulations regarding diesel particle emissions and marine wastewater because demand for our products and services is closely related to those regulations.

The stock market in general experiences, from time-to-time, extreme price and volume fluctuations.

Periodic and/or continuous market fluctuations could result in extreme volatility in the price of our common stock, which could cause a decline in the value of our common stock.

Price volatility may be worse if the trading volume of our common stock is low.

Future sales of our common stock, or the perception that future sales may occur, may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

If any significant number of our outstanding shares are sold, such sales could have a depressive effect on the market price of our stock.

We are unable to predict the effect, if any, that the sale of shares, or the availability of shares for future sale, will have on the market price of the shares prevailing from time to time.

Sales of substantial amounts of shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress prevailing market prices for the shares.

Such sales may also make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate.

The Company is considered a “

smaller reporting company ”

and is exempt from certain disclosure requirements, which could make our common stock less attractive to potential investors.

As a “smaller reporting company”

(as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), we are not required and may not include a Compensation Discussion and Analysis section in our proxy statements;

we provide only three years of business information;

provide fewer years of selected financial data;

and have other “scaled”

disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not “smaller reporting companies,”

which could make our stock less attractive to potential investors and could make it more difficult for shareholders to sell their shares.

We have no current plan to pay dividends on our common stock, and investors may lose the entire amount of their investment.

We have no current plans to pay dividends on our common stock;

therefore, investors will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares.

We cannot assure investors of a positive return on their investment when they sell their shares, nor can we assure investors will not lose the entire amount of their investment.

PUBLIC COMPANY RISK FACTORS

We have not continued to satisfy the continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market, and failure to regain compliance with the listing standards by could result in the suspension or delisting of our Common Stock, which could, among other things, limit demand for our Common Stock, substantially impair our ability to raise additional capital and have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our Common Stock.

Our Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

To maintain our listing we are required to satisfy continued listing requirements, including the requirements commonly referred to as the minimum bid price rule.

The minimum bid price rule requires that the closing bid price of our common stock be at least $1.00 per share.

We currently do not meet these criteria.

There can be no assurance we will continue to satisfy applicable continued listing requirements.

The suspension or delisting of our common stock, or the commencement of delisting proceedings, for whatever reason could, among other things, substantially impair our ability to raise additional capital;

result in the loss of interest from institutional investors, the loss of confidence in our company by investors and employees, and in fewer financing, strategic and business development opportunities;

and result in potential breaches of agreements under which we made representations or covenants relating to our compliance with applicable listing requirements.

Claims related to any such breaches, with or without merit, could result in costly litigation, significant liabilities and diversion of our management’s time and attention and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, business, and results of operations.

On June 24, 2022, we received a deficiency notification letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff of Nasdaq indicating that the Company was not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) because the bid price for the Company’s common stock had closed below $1.00 per share for the previous 30 consecutive business days.

In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company had 180 calendar days from the date of such notice, or until December 21, 2022, to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement.

However, on December 22, 2022.

We received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Staff of Nasdaq that the Company had been granted an additional 180 days to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, or until June 20, 2023.

To regain compliance, the bid price for the Company’s common stock must close at $1.00 per share or more for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days.

As of March 22, 2023, we had not regained compliance with the $1.00 bid price requirement.

There can be no assurance that we will regain compliance with this requirement.

We will continue to incur significant costs from operating as a public company, and our management may be required to devote substantial time to compliance initiatives that ultimately could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

As a public company, we expect to continue to incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses.

In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, have imposed various requirements on public companies, including requiring establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls as well as mandating certain corporate governance practices.

Our management and other personnel will continue to devote a substantial amount of time and financial resources to these compliance initiatives.

As a “smaller reporting company,”

we are still able to take advantage of certain exceptions available to both emerging growth companies and smaller reporting companies, including, but not limited to, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and the exemption from providing a “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”

section in our proxy statements;

providing only three years of business information;

and other “scaled”

disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies. 

If we fail to staff our accounting and finance function adequately or maintain internal control systems adequate to meet the demands that are placed upon us as a public company, we may be unable to report our financial results accurately or in a timely manner and our business and stock price may suffer.

The costs of being a public company, as well as the diversion of management’s time and attention, may have a material adverse effect on our future business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our actual or perceived failure to adequately protect personal data could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

A wide variety of provincial, state, national, foreign, and international laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer, and other processing of personal data.

These privacy- and data protection-related laws and regulations are evolving, with new or modified laws and regulations proposed and implemented frequently and existing laws and regulations subject to new or different interpretations.

Further, our legal and regulatory obligations in foreign jurisdictions are subject to unexpected changes, including the potential for regulatory or other governmental entities to enact new or additional laws or regulations, to issues rulings that invalidate prior laws or regulations, or to increase penalties significantly.

Compliance with these laws and regulations can be costly and can delay or impede the development and offering of new products and services. 

For example, the General Data Protection Regulation, which became effective in May 2018, imposes more stringent data protection requirements, and provides for significantly greater penalties for noncompliance, than the European Union laws that previously applied.

Additionally, California recently enacted legislation, the California Consumer Privacy Act, which became effective January 1, 2020.

We may also be subject to additional obligations relating to personal data by contract that industry standards apply to our practices.

Our actual or perceived failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations or other obligations to which we may be subject relating to personal data, or to protect personal data from unauthorized access, use, or other processing, could result in enforcement actions and regulatory investigations against us, claims for damages by customers and other affected individuals, fines, damage to our reputation, and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial performance, and business.

Further, evolving and changing definitions of personal data and personal information, including the classification of IP addresses, machine identification information, location data, and other information, may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business, including limiting business relationships and partnerships that may involve the sharing or uses of data, and may require significant costs, resources, and efforts to comply.

Changes in U.S.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ( “

GAAP ”

) could adversely affect our financial results and may require significant changes to our internal accounting systems and processes.

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP.

These principles are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC, and various bodies formed to interpret and create appropriate accounting principles and guidance.

The FASB periodically issues new accounting standards on a variety of topics.

For information regarding new accounting standards, please refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Recent Accounting Pronouncements,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,”

of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

These and other such standards generally result in different accounting principles, which may significantly impact our reported results or could result in variability of our financial results.

In preparing our financial statements, we make certain assumptions, judgments and estimates that affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements, which, if not accurate, may significantly impact our financial results.

We make assumptions, judgments, and estimates for a number of items, including the fair value of financial instruments, goodwill, long-lived assets and other intangible assets;

the realizability of deferred tax assets;

the recognition of revenue;

the fair value of stock awards;

We also make assumptions, judgments, and estimates in determining the accruals for employee-related liabilities, including commissions and variable compensation, and in determining the allowance or provisions for uncertain tax positions, doubtful accounts, excess or obsolete inventory, and legal contingencies.

These assumptions, judgments, and estimates are drawn from historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances as of the date of the consolidated financial statements.

Actual results could differ materially from our estimates, and such differences could significantly impact our financial results.

Our business could be negatively impacted the by surge in geopolitical unrest and associated market turmoil negatively impacting financial markets.

Increased geopolitical tensions and prolonged inflationary pressure, combined with increased commodity prices and general volatility across financial markets, could negatively impact demand for our products and services due to reductions in investments across the global transportation, shipping, and energy industries.

The relevance and economic benefits of our systems may also be undermined by the delayed introduction of, or compliance with, both environmental and regulatory efforts.

Furthermore, potential sanctions imposed on select countries could adversely affect our supply chain and overall demand, thus reducing our ability to timely source raw materials and deliver finished goods and services to our clients.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 1. Business