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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

2025-02-10 compared with 2024-02-14 · 515 added, 931 removed, 233 unchanged (86% of the section changed)

8 unchanged sentences

by this Report, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of members of our management, including

our President & Chief Operating Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and the operation of

our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act.

our President & Chief Operating Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and the operation of our

disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act.

Our management has concluded, based on their evaluation,

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of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S.

accepted accounting principles.

Our management assessed our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria in Internal

Control – Integrated Framework (2013 Framework), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission

A system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the

reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted

generally accepted

accounting principles.

Our management assessed our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria in Internal Control –

Integrated Framework (2013 Framework), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).

A system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial

reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.

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A material weakness is a significant deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal

control over financial reporting that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim

financial statements may not be prevented or detected.

Management determined that there was a lack of resources to provide segregation

of duties consistent with control objectives, the lack of sufficient and consistent real time remote communications, and the lack of

a fully developed formal review process that includes multiple levels of review over financial disclosure and reporting processes.

management has been in the process of implementing new controls that should mitigate, if not fully eliminate certain identified risks

in our control over financial reporting.

control over financial reporting that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial

statements may not be prevented or detected.

Management determined that there was a lack of resources to provide segregation of duties

consistent with control objectives, the lack of sufficient and consistent real time remote communications, and the lack of a fully developed

formal review process that includes multiple levels of review over financial disclosure and reporting processes.

However, management has

been in the process of implementing new controls that should mitigate, if not fully eliminate certain identified risks in our control

over financial reporting.

The weaknesses and the related risks are not uncommon

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To address these material weaknesses,

and subject to the receipt of additional financing or cash flows, we have undertaken certain remediation measures to date to address

the material weaknesses described in this Report, including implementing procedures pursuant to which we can ensure proper segregation

of duties and hire additional resources to ensure appropriate review and oversight, as well as more timely formal communications processes,

more diligent review and approval of all disbursements and more timely review of all banking transactions sales orders and inventory

and subject to the receipt of additional financing or cash flows, we have undertaken certain remediation measures to date to address the

material weaknesses described in this Report, including implementing procedures pursuant to which we can ensure proper segregation of

duties and hire additional resources to ensure appropriate review and oversight, as well as more timely formal communications processes,

more diligent review and approval of all disbursements and more timely review of all banking transactions sales orders and inventory management.

A control system, no matter how well conceived and

operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met under all potential

conditions, regardless of how remote, and may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud.

Because of the inherent limitations in

all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within the Company have

been detected.

These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can

occur because of a simple error or mistake.

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance

regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with

generally accepted accounting principles.

Auditor’s Report on Internal Control

Over Financial Reporting

operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met under all potential conditions,

regardless of how remote, and may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud.

Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems,

no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within the Company have been detected.

inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of a

simple error or mistake.

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability

of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting

Auditor’s Report on Internal Control Over

Financial Reporting

This Report does not include an attestation report

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only management’s report in this Report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control

over financial reporting (as that term is defined in Rules 13(a)-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that have occurred during

the fourth quarter ended October 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal

control over financial reporting.

the fourth quarter ended October 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control

over financial reporting.

Other Information.

Disclosure Regarding

Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions

that Prevent Inspections

Not Applicable.

Directors, Executive

Officers and Corporate Governance.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate

The following table and text set

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is comprised of only one class of directors.

Also provided herein are brief descriptions of the business experience of each director

and executive officer during the past five years (based on information supplied by them) and an indication of directorships held by each

director in other public companies subject to the reporting requirements under the Federal securities laws.

During the past ten years,

none of our directors or executive officers has been involved in any legal proceedings that are material to an evaluation of the ability

or integrity of such person:

Dates in Position or Office

Nirajkumar Patel (1)

Chief Science & Regulatory Officer and Director

June 24, 2022– Current

Director, Executive Chairman and Interim Chief Executive Officer and President

March 19, 2023– Current

Roger Brooks (3)

March 17, 2021– Current

George Chuang (4)

June 30, 2021– Current

David Worner (5)

March 19, 2023– Current

Mark Thoenes (6)

August 1, 2023 – Current

Stephen Sheriff (7)

Chief Operating Officer and Investor Relations Officer

August 22, 2023– Current

Thomas Metzler (8)

Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Secretary

Also provided herein are brief descriptions of the business experience of each director and

executive officer during the past five years (based on information supplied by them) and an indication of directorships held by each director

in other public companies subject to the reporting requirements under the Federal securities laws.

During the past ten years, none of

our directors or executive officers has been involved in any legal proceedings that are material to an evaluation of the ability or integrity

of such person:

in Position or Office

March 19, 2023–

Director and Interim Chief Executive Officer

August 1, 2023– Current

Patel served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer from February 20, 2019, until June 24, 2022.

Hopkins was appointed as our Executive Chairman on November 6, 2023 and Interim Chief Financial Officer and President on December 22, 2023.

Brooks serves as Chair of the Audit Committee and a member of the Governance and Nominating, and Compensation Committees.

Chuang serves as a member of the Compensation, Audit and Governance and Nominating Committees.

Worner serves as chair of the Compensation Committee and a member of the Audit and Governance and Nominating Committee.

April 24, 2024– Current

Interim Chief Financial Officer

March 7, 2024– Current

Worner serves as chair of the Audit Committee and a member of the Audit and Governance and Nominating Committee.

Thoenes was appointed to the Board effective August 1, 2023.

From June 30, 2021 until August 1, 2023, he served as our Interim Chief Financial Officer.

Sheriff was appointed as our Chief Operating Officer on August 22, 2023.

Metzler was appointed as our Chief Financial, Treasurer, and Secretary of our company on August 1, 2023.

Patel, Chief Science & Regulatory Officer, and Director.

Nirajkumar Patel attended AISSMS College of Pharmacy in Pune, India

and received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Pharmacy in 2004.

After moving to the United States in 2005, Mr.

Patel became a United States

citizen in 2008 and obtained a master’s degree in chemistry from the Florida Institute of Technology in 2009.

Patel is a prominent

local businessman in Brevard County, Florida.

In 2017 and 2018, Mr.

Patel served as Vice President for the Board of the Indian Association

of the Space Coast, located in Brevard County, Florida.

Patel founded, and has served as a Board member of, the Florida Independent

Liquor Stores Owners Association since 2017.

Patel launched Just Chill Products LLC, a highly successful developer/manufacturer

of high-end CBD products and has served as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Science Officer since 2017.

Patel created

Relax Lab Inc., a producer/manufacturer of a CBD relaxation beverage, and currently serves as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Science

Patel also created RLX Lab LLC, a producer/manufacturer of a non-CBD relaxation beverage, and currently serves

as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Science Officer.

Patel also founded KC Innovations Lab Inc., a CBD white-label

manufacturing service and developer/producer of best-selling white-label CBD products including cosmetics, edibles, beverages, topicals,

and vape oils, and currently serves as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Science Officer.

Additional companies that are owned by

Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science & Regulatory Officer and director of our company, and/or his wife include Beach Food Store created

in 2004, Diya Food Store created in 2010, Cloud Nine 2012 created in 2012, JC Products of USA, LLC created in 2013 and Just Pick, LLC.

We believe that Mr.

Patel is qualified to serve on our Board because of his prior and current management experience, as well as his business

experience within our business industry.

Hopkins, Executive

Chairman and Interim Chief Executive Officer and President.

Barry Hopkins has decades of experience in business development,

performance management, and retail, having spent over thirty years with Altria, one of the world’s largest producers and marketers

of tobacco, cigarettes and related products.

While at Altria, Mr.

Hopkins served in various roles, including District Manager, Vice President

of Sales, Vice President of Trade Marketing, and Vice President of National accounts.

Hopkins founded Ideas in Motion, a

consulting company.

For seven years while running Ideas in Motion, Mr.

Hopkins consulted with Turning Point Brands, a consumer products

company that markets and distributes products including alternative smoking accessories and consumables.

Hopkins eventually joined

Turning Point Brands in 2012 as a Senior Executive and gradually transitioned to other senior level roles including Senior Vice President

of Sales and Marketing, and Senior Vice President of Executive Organizational Development.

Hopkins remained at Turning Point Brands

for over eleven years and, while there, garnered recognition for the development and implementation of a systematic connection process

that ultimately resulted in eight record setting quarters exceeding all prior sales and profit objectives.

Roger Brooks, Director.

Roger Brooks has served as the Chairman, Treasurer, and Co-founder of Abierto Networks, a digital media and engagement technology company

focused on the convenience store, retail, and other similar consumer market segments, since 2005.

At Abierto Networks, Mr.

also served on the Compensation Committee since 2005.

Prior to his roles at Abierto Networks, from 1998 to 2008, Mr.

Brooks was the lead

independent director and member of the compensation and audit committees for Moldflow Corporation, a Nasdaq-listed software company that

was sold to Autodesk, Inc.

From February 2016 to June 2019, Mr.

Brooks served as an independent director of Lytron, Incorporated,

a closely held international industrial solutions company.

From 1998 to 2002, Mr.

Brooks served as President, Chief Executive Officer,

and member of the board for Intelligent Controls, Inc., a publicly traded software and instrumentation company, which was sold to Franklin

Brooks was President, Chief Executive Officer, and a board member of Dynisco, Inc.

from 1987 to 1996 where he grew

the company from $10 million of sales to an international company with over $100 million of sales.

Brooks holds a Bachelor of Arts

degree from the University of Connecticut and a Master of Business Administration degree from New York University, Stern Graduate Business

He is also a graduate of the Stanford University Executive Management Program.

Brooks extensive experience gained from his

roles as an executive officer and director of numerous public companies, as well as experience in the convenience store, retail, and

other consumer markets will be invaluable to the Board and qualifies him for service as a director.

George Chuang, Director.

George Chuang has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Lucy Labs, Inc.

since July 2017 and as the Chair of the Board of Directors

of Lucy Labs, Inc.

since November 2021.

Prior to that, he served as the co-managing principal of Hillside Advisors LLC from June 2015

to July 2017.

Chuang was also the principal owner of USB Media, Inc., a technology B2B company he founded in 2007.

During his career,

Chuang spent time at Chase Manhattan Bank as an assistant Treasurer for their Credit Risk Department, as a management consultant

at Price Waterhouse Management Consulting, and served as the Chief Administrative Officer for several equity product sales groups at

Lehman Brothers.

In addition, Mr.

Chuang spent eight years as a Principal at Pacific Partnership Advisors LLC, a consulting firm with

offices in New York and Beijing, which facilitated cross-border transactions.

Chuang graduated from the University of Chicago and

obtained a Master of Business Administration degree at Yale University.

Chuang’s experience in capital markets and global supply

chain knowledge, as well as his business experience in start-up companies, qualifies him for service as a director.

Patel serves as Chair of the Compensation Committee and a member of the Governance and Nominating, and Audit Committees.

Modi serves as Chair of the Governance and Nominating Committees and a member of the Audit, and Compensation Committee.

Morris was appointed our Interim Chief Financial Officer of our company on March 7, 2024

David Worner, Director.

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from the University of New Orleans in 2005.

Mark Thoenes, Director .

Mark Thoenes, Director and Interim

Chief Executive Officer .

Mark Thoenes, has more than 35 years of diverse financial and operational leadership to our company.

From June 30, 2021 to August

1, 2023, he served as our Interim Chief Financial Officer on a consulting basis.

He has been a licensed Certified Public Accountant since

1984 and began his career with Ernst & Young Global Limited.

From June 30, 2021 to August 1, 2023, he served as our Interim Chief Financial Officer on a consulting basis.

He has been a licensed Certified

Public Accountant since 1984 and began his career with Ernst & Young Global Limited.

From 2000 to 2010, Mr.

Thoenes served as the Executive Vice President/Chief

Financial Officer of Rentrak Corporation (“Rentrak”), a publicly traded company listed on Nasdaq and headquartered in Portland,

Founded in 1977, Rentrak went public in 1986, and remained a public company until it was acquired by comScore, Inc.

Thoenes served as the

Executive Vice President/Chief Financial Officer of Rentrak Corporation (“Rentrak”), a publicly traded company listed on Nasdaq

and headquartered in Portland, Oregon.

Founded in 1977, Rentrak went public in 1986, and remained a public company until it was acquired

by comScore, Inc.

in 2016, after Mr.

Thoenes left Rentrak.

For the past eleven years, Mr.

Thoenes has been the President of MLT Consulting Services, LLC, a full-service

business/financial consulting firm.

Stephen Sheriff, Chief Operating

Officer and Investor Relations Officer.

Stephen Sheriff brings over a decade of finance and entrepreneurial leadership to his

role as Chief Operating Officer and Investor Relations Office.

Since August 2022, he has served as our Director of Administration &

Communications.

In this role, he managed our investor, public relations and human resource programs in addition to overall responsibility

for the development and implementation of key programs and initiatives, including customer and vendor relations.

Since January 2022,

he has also served as co-founder and Managing Partner of Riverhill Group, a management consulting firm focused on assisting early-stage

companies in the areas of funding, scaling and expanding operations.

Since 2012, he has also been a Managing Partner at Riverhill Ventures,

a socially conscious, strategic investment and consulting firm primarily focused on quick service restaurants, natural foods and consumer

Through his Riverhill-related experiences, Mr.

Sheriff has been an investor in and advisor to several early-stage companies.

From September 2018 to September 2020, he also was an Associate at Solebury Trout (now Solebury Strategic Communications), a leading

life sciences-focused investor relations firm based in New York City.

Sheriff received his Bachelor of Arts in Counseling Psychology

from Delaware Valley University.

Thomas Metzler, Chief Financial

Officer, Treasurer, and Secretary.

Thomas Metzler brings over 20 years of finance and operational experience in the vaping and

consumer products sector to our company.

Since June 2019, he has worked as an accounting and operational consultant.

From April 2013

to June 2019, Mr.

Metzler served as Managing Director of a Division of Turning Point Brands (NYSE:

TPB), a manufacturer, marketer and

distributor of branded alternative smoking accessories and consumables with active ingredients.

At Turning Point Brands, Mr.

led a team to transform the process of financial management efficiencies, which improved cost controls, managed inventory turn, developed

strategic product promotions to accelerate product distribution, and built strategic alliances with suppliers.

Metzler also developed

& monitored key performance indicators which generated record growth with retail and wholesale distributors.

He also provided post-acquisition

assistance to integrate newly acquired entities into Turning Point Brands and advocated for the vapor industry by meeting with the White

House’s OMB/OIRA office, and various congressional and senatorial offices.

Metzler was a significant contributor as a Standard

Technical Panel member in developing UL 8139- Electrical Systems of Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping Devices, a safety standard that

evaluates the electrical and battery systems of vaping devices and electronic cigarettes.

Metzler was a licensed CPA for over 20

years, during which time he provided accounting and related consulting services to many companies.

He began his career working with public

and private companies in the assurance practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP in Boston.

Metzler earned a B.S.

in Accounting from

Canisius College.

December 2023 Management Changes

21, 2023, Eric Mosser, the Company’s then Chief Executive Officer and President of our company, provided written notice to our

board of directors of his resignation as a member of the board, effective immediately.

Mosser’s resignation is not due to any

disagreements between him and our company or our board of directors.

In connection

with his resignation, on December 21, 2023, we and Mr.

Thoenes has been the President of MLT Consulting

Services, LLC, a full-service business/financial consulting firm.

Ketankumar Patel, Director:

Patel founded liquor franchise company called In and Out Liquors.

Through that business, he developed a thorough understanding

of how to manage and sell high-value, age-restricted products.

Patel is a graduate of APC College of Pharmacy, Chikhali, Maharastra,

After obtaining his degree in 2005, Mr.

Patel moved to the United States in 2006.

We believe that Mr.

Patel is qualified to serve

on our board of directors due to his background in our industry and the business of age-restricted products.

Ashesh Modi, Director:

Modi, has been a pharmacist at Publix.

Since 2016, Mr.

Modi has also held a realtor license and has managed multi-million-dollar

deals, earning accolades such as being named a top 1% Realtor by Lokation Real Estate in 2022.

He also served as President of the Indian

Association of the Space Coast in Florida in 2017 -2018.

After earning a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree from A R College of Pharmacy at Sardar

Patel University in India, he came to USA in 2002 where he attended Master’s in Public Health from the University of Oklahoma.

believe that Mr.

Modi is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his background in our industry.

Eric Morris, Interim Chief

Financial Officer.

Morris has served as our Interim Chief Financial Officer since March 2024.

Prior to this position he was our

Controller from April 2023 to March 2024.

He has been a licensed Certified Public Accountant since 2006.

From Sept 2017 to April 2023,

he worked as a fractional accounting consultant at a privately held company with a diverse group of clients.

Prior to his time as a consultant,

from December 2010 to August 2017, he was the Controller at a privately held Parking Meter Company.

Morris received a bachelor’s

degree in accounting from Linfield University in 2000.

We believe that Mr.

Morris is qualified to serve as our Interim Chief Financial

Officer because of his prior and current management experience, as well as his business experience

Changes to Management and Board of Directors in

the year ended October 31, 2024

On December 21, 2023, Eric Mosser,

the Company’s then Chief Executive Officer and President of our company, provided written notice to our board of directors of his

resignation as a member of the board, effective immediately.

Mosser’s resignation is not due to any disagreements between him

and our company or our board of directors.

connection with his resignation, on December 21, 2023, we and Mr.

Mosser entered into an amendment to Mr.

Mosser’s employment agreement with

our company, dated August 1, 2023.

Mosser’s employment agreement

with our company, dated August 1, 2023.

Pursuant to such amendment, effective December 21, 2023, Mr.

Mosser resigned as Chief Executive Officer

and President of our company and became a Senior Advisor to our company and the Chief Executive Officer of KBI.

Moser will report

Hopkins, our Executive Chairman, until such time as a new Chief Executive Officer and President are appointed.

At such time,

Mosser shall report to our Chief Executive Officer as a Senior Advisor.

Pursuant to the Amendment, Mr.

Mosser’s base salary

shall be $251,000 per annum, effective as of January 1, 2024.

December 22, 2023, our board of directors appointed Mr.

Hopkins as Interim Chief Executive Officer and President of our company, to serve

in such capacity until a successor is duly appointed and approved by our board.

Hopkins is our principal executive officer.

Executive Chairman

On November 6, 2023, our Board,

pursuant to the powers of the Board provided for under applicable Delaware law, approved the creation of the new officer position of

Executive Chairman and appointed Barry M.

Hopkins, the then Chairman of the Board, to the office of Executive Chairman.

The duties and

responsibilities of the Executive Chairman are as follows:

The Executive Chairman acts

as the principal executive officer of our company, with the President and Chief Executive Officer continuing to have primary responsibility

for managing our day-to-day operations under the supervision of the Executive Chairman.

The Executive Chairman shall provide advice and

consultation to our President and Chief Executive Officer and our other officers regarding the overall management of our business and

affairs, All significant strategic initiatives and projects of our company require prior consultation with and approval by the Executive

Define our strategic direction

and, working with the President and Chief Executive Officer and other officers of our company, ensure that our strategic direction is

(a) properly communicated to the Board for its approval as required or deemed appropriate and (b) implemented by our company.

Chair annual and special Board

meetings and annual stockholder meetings and, subject to availability and invitation, attend meetings of the committees of the Board.

Provide guiding principles

for the proper functioning of Board and its committees in accordance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.

Foster and promote the integrity

of the Board and a culture where the Board works harmoniously for the long-term benefit of our company and its stockholders.

Act as liaison between the

Board and our officers to ensure that strategic policy and other decisions of the Board are fully presented to and discussed, debated,

and decided by the Board.

Consult with Board members

outside the regularly scheduled meetings of the Board as required.

Ensure that there is efficient

communication among the Executive Chairman, the President and Chief Executive Officer, and our other officers and employees and Board

Partner with the President

and Chief Executive Officer, work to strengthen our relationships with existing customers and foster key relationships that lead to new

In this regard, the Executive Chairman will act as our representative with current and potential commercial partners and also

potential sources of financing.

Mosser resigned as Chief Executive

Officer and President of our company and became a Senior Advisor to our company and the Chief Executive Officer of KBI.

reported to Barry M.

Hopkins, our Executive Chairman, until such time as a new Chief Executive Officer and

President would be appointed.

At such time, Mr.

Mosser reported to our Chief Executive Officer as a Senior Advisor.

Pursuant to the Amendment,

Mosser’s base salary was $251,000 per annum,

effective as of January 1, 2024.

December 21, 2023, the Board appointed Eric

Mosser, a current Senior Advisor to the Company and the Chief Executive Officer of Kaival International Brands, LLC, a wholly

owned subsidiary of the Company, as the Company’s President and Interim Chief Executive Officer, to serve in such capacity

until a successor is duly appointed and approved by the Board.

On December 22, 2023, our board of directors appointed Mr.

Hopkins as Interim

Chief Executive Officer and President of our company, to serve in such capacity until a successor is duly appointed and approved by our

On January 25, 2024, James P.

provided written notice to the board of directors of his resignation from the Board, effective immediately

On February 20, 2024, Thomas Metzler,

the Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, provided written notice to the Company’s Board of his resignation,

effectively immediately.

On February 22, 2024, Barry M.

Hopkins, the Interim Chief Executive Officer, President, and Director of the Company, provided written notice to the Company’s Board

of Directors (the “Board”) of his resignation, effectively immediately.

On February 22, 2024, Stephen Sheriff,

the Chief Operating Officer of the Company, provided written notice to the Company’s Board of his resignation, effectively immediately.

On February 22, 2024, Roger Brooks,

a Director of the Company, provided written notice to the Company’s Board of his resignation effectively immediately.

On February 26, 2024, George Chuang,

a Director of the Company, provided written notice to the Company’s Board of his resignation effectively immediately.

On March 7, 2024, the Board appointed

Nirajkumar Patel, the Company’s Chief Science and Regulatory Officer, as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

On March 7, 2024, the Board appointed Eric

Morris as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer, to serve in such capacity until a successor is duly appointed

and approved by the Board.

8, 2024, Eric Mosser, President and the Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, provided written notice to the Company’s

Board of his resignation, effectively immediately.

On April 23, 2024, Ashesh Modi was appointed

to the Board of Directors of the Company.

On April 23, 2024, Ketankumar

Patel was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company.

On September 12, 2024, the Board

appointed Mark Thoenes as interim chief executive officer of the Company, effective immediately.

He succeeded Mr.

Nirajkumar Patel who

unexpectedly passed away on September 7, 2024.

Family Relationships

1 unchanged sentence

among any of our directors or executive officers.

Involvement in Certain Legal

During the last ten years, none

of or officers, directors or control persons have been involved in any legal proceedings as described in Item 401(f) of Regulation S-K,

other than as otherwise disclosed in this Report.

Other than with respect to the

3 unchanged sentences

Directors and Executive Officers Qualifications

Although we have not formally

established any specific minimum qualifications that must be met by each of our officers, we generally evaluate the following qualities:

educational background, diversity of professional experience, including whether the person is a current or was a former chief executive

officer or chief financial officer of a public company or the head of a division of a prominent international organization, knowledge

of our business, integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders.

The Governance and Nominating

Committee of the Board prepares policies regarding director qualification requirements and the process for identifying and evaluating

director candidates for adoption by our Board.

The above-mentioned attributes, along with the leadership skills and other experiences

of our officers and Board members described above, provide us with a diverse range of perspectives and judgment necessary to facilitate

our goals of stockholder value appreciation through organic and acquisition growth.

Although we have not formally established

any specific minimum qualifications that must be met by each of our officers, we generally evaluate the following qualities:

background, diversity of professional experience, including whether the person is a current or was a former chief executive officer or

chief financial officer of a public company or the head of a division of a prominent international organization, knowledge of our business,

integrity, professional reputation, independence, wisdom, and ability to represent the best interests of our stockholders.

The Governance and Nominating Committee

of the Board prepares policies regarding director qualification requirements and the process for identifying and evaluating director candidates

for adoption by our Board.

The above-mentioned attributes, along with the leadership skills and other experiences of our officers and

Board members described above, provide us with a diverse range of perspectives and judgment necessary to facilitate our goals of stockholder

value appreciation through organic and acquisition growth.

Director Independence

Under Nasdaq standards, a director is not “independent” unless the

Board affirmatively determines that he or she does not have a direct or indirect material relationship with us or any of our subsidiaries.

In addition, the director must meet the bright-line tests for independence set forth by the Nasdaq rules.

Our Board has undertaken a review

of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of our directors and considered whether any director has a

material relationship with us that could compromise his ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his responsibilities.

Under Nasdaq standards, a director

is not “independent” unless the Board affirmatively determines that he or she does not have a direct or indirect material

relationship with us or any of our subsidiaries.

In addition, the director must meet the bright-line tests for independence set forth

by the Nasdaq rules.

Our Board has undertaken a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of our

directors and considered whether any director has a material relationship with us that could compromise his ability to exercise independent

judgment in carrying out his responsibilities.

Based on these standards, the Board has determined that Messrs.

Worner, Brooks, and Chuang are “independent” directors within

the meaning of listing rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.

All the members of the Audit,

Compensation and Governance and Nominating Committees were also independent during our fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

is presently considering changes to the composition of the Compensation and Governance and Nominating Committees given Mr.

assumption of the role as our principal executive officer in November 2023.

In making determinations regarding director independence,

our Board considered the relationships that each non-employee director has with us and all other facts and circumstances our Board deemed

relevant in determining their independence, including the director’s beneficial ownership of our Common Stock and the relationships

of our non-employee directors with certain of our significant stockholders.

Worner, Patel, and Modi

are “independent” directors within the meaning of listing rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market.

All the members of the Audit, Compensation

and Governance and Nominating Committees were also independent during our fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

In making determinations

regarding director independence, our Board considered the relationships that each non-employee director has with us and all other facts

and circumstances our Board deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the director’s beneficial ownership of

our Common Stock and the relationships of our non-employee directors with certain of our significant stockholders.

Meetings of the Board and Board Committees

4 unchanged sentences

Audit Committee.

Audit Committee currently consists of Roger Brooks (Chair), David Worner and George Chuang.

Audit Committee currently consists of David Worner (Chair), Ketankumar Patel and Ashesh Modi.

The Audit Committee met 4 times during fiscal

2 unchanged sentences

The Audit Committee

acts pursuant to a written charter adopted by our Board, a copy of which can be accessed at our corporate website at https://ir.kaivalbrands.com/governance/governance-documents/default.aspx.

Changes to this charter from time to time will be posted on our website at such address.

The purpose of the Audit Committee is to represent

and assist the Board in its general oversight of our accounting and financial reporting processes, audits of our financial statements,

and our internal control and audit functions.

Management is responsible for (a) the preparation, presentation, and integrity of our financial

acts pursuant to a written charter adopted by our Board.

The purpose of the Audit Committee

is to represent and assist the Board in its general oversight of our accounting and financial reporting processes, audits of our financial

statements, and our internal control and audit functions.

Management is responsible for (a) the preparation, presentation, and integrity

of our financial statements;

(b) accounting and financial reporting principles;

and (c) our internal controls and procedures designed to promote compliance

with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for performing

an independent audit of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.

Our Board has determined that

the Audit Committee is comprised entirely of independent members as defined under applicable SEC rules and the Nasdaq Rules.

has determined that Mr.

Brooks, the Chair of the Audit Committee, is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under

and (c) our internal controls and procedures designed

to promote compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations.

Our independent registered public accounting firm

is responsible for performing an independent audit of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing

Our Board has determined that the

Audit Committee is comprised entirely of independent members as defined under applicable SEC rules and the Nasdaq Rules.

Our Board has

determined that Mr.

Worner, the Chair of the Audit Committee, is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under SEC

Compensation Committee.

Compensation Committee currently consists of David Worner (Chair), Barry Hopkins and Roger Brooks.

The Compensation Committee met 6 times

during fiscal 2023.

Our Board is presently considering changes to the composition of the Compensation Committee given Mr.

assumption of the role as our principal executive officer in November 2023.

The Compensation Committee acts pursuant to a written charter

adopted by our Board, a copy of which can be accessed at our corporate website at https://ir.kaivalbrands.com/governance/governance-documents/default.aspx.

Changes to this charter from time to time will be posted on our website at such address.

Compensation Committee currently consists of Ketankumar Patel (Chair), David Worner and Ashesh Modi.

The Compensation Committee met 6

times during fiscal 2024.

The Compensation Committee acts pursuant to a written charter adopted by our Board.

The purpose of the Compensation

2 unchanged sentences

govern our compensation programs, including stock and benefit plans.

The Compensation Committee is

responsible for determining executive compensation, including approving recommendations regarding equity awards for all of our executive

officers, setting base salary amounts, and fixing compensation levels.

This includes reviewing and making recommendations to our Board

regarding corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating, at least annually, the Chief Executive

Officer’s performance in light of these goals and objectives, and reviewing and making recommendations to our Board regarding the

Chief Executive Officer’s compensation level based on such evaluation.

The Compensation Committee is responsible

for determining executive compensation, including approving recommendations regarding equity awards for all of our executive officers,

setting base salary amounts, and fixing compensation levels.

This includes reviewing and making recommendations to our Board regarding

corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating, at least annually, the Chief Executive Officer’s

performance in light of these goals and objectives, and reviewing and making recommendations to our Board regarding the Chief Executive

Officer’s compensation level based on such an evaluation.

The Compensation Committee also

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and Nominating Committee .

The Governance and Nominating Committee currently consists of Barry Hopkins (Chair), David Worner and

Roger Brooks.

The Governance and Nominating Committee did not meet as such during fiscal 2023.

Our Board is presently considering

changes to the composition of the Governance and Nominating Committee given Mr.

Hopkins’ assumption of the role as our principal

executive officer in November 2023.

The Governance and Nominating Committee acts pursuant to a written charter

adopted by our Board, a copy of which can be accessed at our corporate website at https://ir.kaivalbrands.com/governance/governance-documents/default.aspx .

Changes to this charter from time to time will be posted on our website at such address.

purpose of the Governance and Nominating Committee is to determine the slate of director nominees for election to our Board, to

identify and recommend candidates to fill Board vacancies occurring between annual stockholder meetings, to review our policies and programs

that relate to matters of corporate responsibility, including public issues of significance to our company and our stockholders, and

any other related matters required by the federal securities laws .

The Governance and Nominating

Committee determines the qualifications, qualities, skills, and other expertise required to be a director and to develop, and recommend

to our Board for its approval, criteria to be considered in selecting nominees for director.

The Nominating Committee and our Board believe

that at this time, it is unnecessary to adopt criteria for the selection of directors.

Instead, the Nominating Committee and our Board

believe that the desirable background of a new individual member of our Board may change over time and that a thoughtful, thorough selection

process is more important than adopting criteria for directors.

Governance and Nominating Committee currently consists of Ashesh Modi (Chair), David Worner and Ketankumar Patel.

The Governance and Nominating

Committee will also identify, recruit, and screen candidates for our Board, consistent with criteria approved by our Board.

The Nominating

Committee and our Board are fully open to utilizing whatever methodology is efficient in identifying new, qualified directors when needed,

including industry contacts of our directors or professional search firms.

The Governance and Nominating Committee also considers any

director candidates recommended by our stockholders pursuant to the procedures described in this Proxy Statement and any nominations

of director candidates validly made by stockholders in accordance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and the provisions of

our charter documents.

Committee did not meet as such during fiscal 2024.

The Governance and Nominating Committee acts pursuant to a written charter adopted

by our Board.

The purpose of the Governance and

Nominating Committee is to determine the slate of director nominees for election to our Board, to identify and recommend candidates to

fill Board vacancies occurring between annual stockholder meetings, to review our policies and programs that relate to matters of corporate

responsibility, including public issues of significance to our company and our stockholders, and any other related matters required by

the federal securities laws.

The Governance and Nominating Committee

determines the qualifications, qualities, skills, and other expertise required to be a director and to develop, and recommend to our Board

for its approval, criteria to be considered in selecting nominees for director.

The Nominating Committee and our Board believe that at

this time, it is unnecessary to adopt criteria for the selection of directors.

Instead, the Nominating Committee and our Board believe

that the desirable background of a new individual member of our Board may change over time and that a thoughtful, thorough selection process

is more important than adopting criteria for directors.

The Governance and Nominating Committee

will also identify, recruit, and screen candidates for our Board, consistent with criteria approved by our Board.

The Nominating Committee

and our Board are fully open to utilizing whatever methodology is efficient in identifying new, qualified directors when needed, including

industry contacts of our directors or professional search firms.

The Governance and Nominating Committee also considers any director candidates

recommended by our stockholders pursuant to the procedures described in this Proxy Statement and any nominations of director candidates

validly made by stockholders in accordance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and the provisions of our charter documents.

There were no fees paid or due

to third parties in fiscal 2024 to identify or evaluate, or to assist in evaluating or identifying, potential director nominees.

Director Diversity

The following chart sets forth

the board diversity information required by Nasdaq for our directors as of the date of this Report:

Diversity Matrix

Number of Directors

Note Disclose Gender

Gender Identity

Demographic Background

American or Black

Native or Native American

Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

or More Races or Ethnicities

Code of Ethics

March 17, 2021, our Board adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, that applies to all directors, senior officers, and employees

of the Company (the “Code of Ethics”).

The Code of Ethics was adopted to enhance and clarify our personnel’s understanding

of our standards of ethical business practices, promote awareness of ethical issues that may be encountered in carrying out an employee’s

or director’s responsibilities, and sets forth how to address ethical issues that may arise.

A copy of the Code of Ethics is available

on our corporate website at https://ir.kaivalbrands.com/governance/governance-documents/default.aspx .

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider

Participation

On March 17, 2021, our Board adopted

a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, that applies to all directors, senior officers, and employees of the Company (the “Code of

The Code of Ethics was adopted to enhance and clarify our personnel’s understanding of our standards of ethical

business practices, promote awareness of ethical issues that may be encountered in carrying out an employee’s or director’s

responsibilities, and sets forth how to address ethical issues that may arise.

A copy of the Code of Ethics is available on our corporate

website at https://ir.kaivalbrands.com/governance/governance-documents/default.aspx.

Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,

as amended, requires our directors, executive officers and persons who own more than 10% of our outstanding shares of common stock (“Ten

Percent Holders”) to file with the SEC reports of their share ownership and changes in their share ownership of our common stock.

Directors, executive officers and Ten Percent Holders are also required to furnish us with copies of all ownership reports they file with

To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us, the following directors, executive

officers and Ten Percent Holders did not comply with all Section 16(a) filing requirements as of October 31, 2024 as follows:

Patel and Modi filed their Form 3s late in 2024

Insider Trading Policy

In March 2023, we adopted an insider trading policy governing the purchase,

sale, and/or other dispositions of our securities by our directors, officers, and employees, to promote compliance with insider trading

laws, rules and regulations, and applicable Nasdaq listing standards applicable to us.

Our insider trading policy, among other things,

prohibits our directors, officers, and employees from holding our securities in a margin account or pledging our securities as collateral

In addition, our insider trading policy prohibits employees, officers, and directors from engaging in put or call options,

short selling, or similar hedging activities involving our stock.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of our executive officers

currently serve, or have served during the last year, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity,

other than us, that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our Board.

currently serve, or have served during the last year, as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity, other

than us, that has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our Board.

Executive Compensation

2 unchanged sentences

compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to our named executive officers, which is defined herein as (i) all individuals serving or

having served as our principal executive officer or officers during the year ended October 31, 2023, (ii) each of our two other most

highly compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers at the end of the year ended October 31, 2023, and (iii)

any individuals for whom disclosure would have been required but for the fact that the individual was not serving as an executive officer

as of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

and principal position

having served as our principal executive officer or officers during the year ended October 31, 2024, (ii) each of our two other most highly

compensated executive officers who were serving as executive officers at the end of the year ended October 31, 2024, and (iii) any individuals

for whom disclosure would have been required but for the fact that the individual was not serving as an executive officer as of the fiscal

year ended October 31, 2024.

Awards ($) (1) (2)

Awards ($) (1)

Incentive Plan Compensation ($) (3)

Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)

Patel, Chief Science & Regulatory Officer, and Director

Mosser, former CEO, President, and Director (4)

Thoenes, former Interim CFO(5)

Reflects the fair

value of stock awards during the years in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation–- Stock Compensation, using actual forfeitures

that were immaterial.

For valuation assumptions related to the 2022 option awards, refer to Note 2, “ Share-Based Compensation ,”

to the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2023.

Includes fair value of shares

withheld by us to pay for taxes.

Consisted of cash paid in lieu

of vested RSUs.

Mosser resigned as our

Chief Executive Officer and President on December 21, 2023.

Hopkins became our Executive Chairman and principal executive

officer (and later Interim Chief Executive Officer and President) following the conclusion of our fiscal year ended October 31,

Thoenes resigned

as our Interim Chief Financial Officer on August 1, 2023

Name and principal position

Fiscal Year Ended October 31,

Stock Awards ($)

Option Awards ($) (1)

Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($)

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)

Nirajkumar Patel, Former Interim CEO , Chief Science & Regulatory Officer and Director (2)

Eric Mosser, former CEO, President, and Director (3)

Mark Thoenes, Interim CEO and Director

Thomas Metzler, Former CFO (4)

Stephen Sheriff, Former COO (5)

Eric Morris, Interim CFO

the fair value of stock awards during the years in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation–- Stock Compensation, using actual

forfeitures that were immaterial.

For valuation assumptions related to the 2023 option awards, refer to Note 2, “ Share-Based

Compensation ,” to the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2024.

Nirajkumar Patel resigned from the Company on September 7, 2024, upon his passing.

Mosser resigned from the Company on March 8, 2024.

Metzler resigned from the Company on February 20, 2024.

Sheriff resigned from the Company on February 22, 2024.

Consulting fees pursuant to

6 unchanged sentences

narrative disclosure is separated into sections, with a separate section for each of our named executive officers.

On February 6, 2023, we granted

stock option awards to Nirajkumar Patel, Chief Science and Regulatory Office, to acquire up to 23,810 shares of Common Stock under our

2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as partial compensation for Mr.

Patel’s services as Chief Science and Regulatory Officer.

The option shares are exercisable at a price of $15.33 per share, which equaled the closing price of the Common Stock as of the date

immediately prior to the grant date.

The issuances were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of

Section 4(a)(2) thereof as a transaction not involving a public offering.

On February 6, 2023, we

granted stock option awards to Eric Mosser, our then President and Chief Operating Officer, to acquire up to 23,810 shares of

Common Stock under our 2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as partial compensation for Mr.

Mosser’s services as

President and Chief Operating.

The option shares are exercisable at a price of $15.33 per share, which equaled the closing price of

the Common Stock as of the date immediately prior to the grant date.

The issuances were exempt from the registration requirements of

the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof as a transaction not involving a public offering.

On March 3, 2023, we granted stock

option awards to Mark Thoenes, then our Interim Chief Financial Officer, to acquire up to 2,381 shares of Common Stock under our 2020

Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as partial compensation for Mr.

Thoenes’ services as Interim Chief Financial Officer.

option shares are exercisable at a price of $12.81 per share, which equaled the closing price of the Common Stock as of the date immediately

prior to the grant date.

The issuances were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2)

thereof as a transaction not involving a public offering.

On August 1, 2023, we granted

stock option awards to Eric Mosser, our then Chief Executive Officer and President to acquire up to 27,004 shares of Common Stock under

our 2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as partial compensation for Mr.

Mosser’s services as Chief Executive Officer and

The option shares are exercisable at a price of $12.41 per share, which equaled the closing price of the Common Stock as of

the date immediately prior to the grant date.

The issuances were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue

of Section 4(a)(2) thereof as a transaction not involving a public offering.

On August 1, 2023, we granted

stock option awards to Thomas Metzler, our Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary to acquire up to 12,091 shares of Common

Stock under our 2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as partial compensation for Mr.

Metzler’s services as Chief Financial

Officer, Treasurer, and Secretary.

The option shares are exercisable at a price of $12.41 per share, which equaled the closing price

of the Common Stock as of the date immediately prior to the grant date.

The issuances were exempt from the registration requirements

of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof as a transaction not involving a public offering.

On August 22, 2023, we granted

stock option awards to Stephen Sheriff, our Chief Operating Officer to acquire up to 7,524 shares of Common Stock under our 2020 Stock

and Incentive Compensation Plan, as partial compensation for Mr.

Sheriff’s services as Chief Operating Officer.

The option shares

are exercisable at a price of $10.08 per share, which equaled the closing price of the Common Stock as of the date immediately prior

to the grant date.

The issuances were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof

as a transaction not involving a public offering.

Nirajkumar Patel

the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, we paid a base salary of approximately $276,000 to Nirajkumar Patel, our Chief Science &

Regulatory Officer , compared to a base salary of approximately $244,000 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

our Board approved a cash bonus award to Mr.

Patel equal to $30,000 for every $25 million in gross revenues generated by us.

date, our Board also approved an equity bonus award to Mr.

Patel of 3,572 restricted shares of our Common Stock for every $50 million

in accumulated gross revenues generated by us.

Based on the cash bonus award, we paid Mr.

Patel a cash bonus of $30,000 in fiscal year

2022 based on our meeting the gross revenue benchmarks that year and $0 in fiscal year 2023 .

We issued the following stock

compensation to Mr.

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, we paid a base salary of approximately

$241,499 to Nirajkumar Patel, our former CEO, Chief Science & Regulatory Officer, compared to a base salary of approximately $276,000

for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

We issued the following stock compensation

Patel during fiscal years 2023 and 2024:

and/or Issuance Date

of Shares of our Common Stock

During fiscal year 2022, we paid

approximately $57,709 in non-equity incentive plan compensation, which consisted of cash paid in lieu of a vested RSU issuance.

The aggregate

values are based on the value of the vesting date for the shares that would have been issued.

the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, we paid a base salary of approximately $300,000 to Eric Mosser, our former Chief Executive Officer

and President who resigned such positions on December 21, 2023, compared to $226,577 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022.

2020, our Board approved a cash bonus award to Mr.

Mosser equal to $20,000 for every $25 million in gross revenues generated by us.

the same date, our Board also approved an equity bonus award to Mr.

Mosser of 298 restricted shares of our Common Stock for every $50

million in accumulated gross revenues generated by us.

Based on the cash bonus award, we paid Mr.

Mosser a cash bonus of $20,000 in fiscal

year 2022 based on our meeting the gross revenue benchmarks that year and $0 in fiscal year 2023.

We issued the following stock

compensation to Mr.

Vesting and/or Issuance Date

Number of Shares of our Common Stock

Price Per Share

Aggregate Value

During the fiscal year ended October

31, 2024, we paid a base salary of approximately $129,549 to Eric Mosser, our former CEO, compared to a base salary of approximately $300,000

for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

We issued the following stock compensation

Mosser during fiscal years 2023 and 2024:

and/or Issuance Date

of Shares of our Common Stock

During fiscal year 2022 we paid

approximately $57,709 in non-equity incentive plan compensation, which consisted of cash paid in lieu of a vested RSU issuance.

The aggregate

value is based on the value on the vesting date for the shares that would have been issued.

Effective June 30, 2021, we entered

into a Consulting Agreement, dated June 14, 2021, with Mr.

Thoenes (the “Consulting Agreement”), Pursuant to the Consulting

Agreement, we agreed to pay Mr.

Thoenes a rate of $130 per hour and will reimburse him for usual and customary business expenses.

paid approximately $347,671 and $298,050 to Mr.

Thoenes pursuant to the Consulting Agreement during the fiscal years 2022 and 2023 respectively.

The total fair market value of these stock options on March 3, 2023 was $30,650.

The Consulting Agreement was for a term of approximately

6 months, or until December 31, 2021, and was extended by the parties to July 31, 2023.

Thoenes was assisting us as Interim Chief

Financial Officer.

He resigned this position on August 1, 2023.

Vesting and/or Issuance Date

Number of Shares of our Common Stock

Price Per Share

Aggregate Value

During the fiscal year ended October

31, 2024, we paid a base salary of approximately $74,583 to Mark Thoenes, our Interim CEO, compared to a base salary of approximately

$298,050 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

We issued the following stock compensation

Thoenes during fiscal years 2023 and 2024:

Vesting and/or Issuance Date

Number of Shares of our Common Stock

Price Per Share

Aggregate Value

Thomas Meztler

During the fiscal year ended October

31, 2024, we paid a base salary of approximately $83,112 to Thomas Meztler, our former CFO, compared to a base salary of approximately

$61,076 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

We issued the following stock compensation

Meztler during fiscal years 2023 and 2024:

Vesting and/or Issuance Date

Number of Shares of our Common Stock

Price Per Share

Aggregate Value

Stephen Sheriff

During the fiscal year ended October

31, 2024, we paid a base salary of approximately $88,352 to Stephen Sheriff, our former COO, compared to a base salary of approximately

$146,528 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

We issued the following stock compensation

Thoenes during fiscal years 2023 and 2024:

Vesting and/or Issuance Date

Number of Shares of our Common Stock

Price Per Share

Aggregate Value

During the fiscal year ended October

31, 2024, we paid a base salary of approximately $168,960 to Eric Morris, our Interim CFO, compared to a base salary of approximately

$84,720 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

We issued the following stock compensation

Morris during fiscal years 2023 and 2024:

Vesting and/or Issuance Date

Number of Shares of our Common Stock

Price Per Share

Aggregate Value

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End October 31, 2024

2 unchanged sentences

Market Value of Stock Options that Have Not Vested ($)

Nirajkumar Patel

Eric Mosser (resigned in December 2023)

Thomas Metzler

Stephen Sheriff

Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change-of-Control

5 unchanged sentences

in which we provide retirement or similar benefits for our named executive officers.

Employment Agreements

On August 1, 2023, we entered an employment agreement with Mr.

Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Mr.

was paid an annual salary of $300,000 and receives health care insurance and other customary benefits.

There was no fixed period outlined

in the agreement, rather Mr.

Mosser’s employment was at will, meaning that either party may terminate the employment at any time

for any reason or no reason.

In addition to Mr.

Mosser’s base salary, Mr.

Mosser was entitled to bonuses at the discretion of the

Compensation Committee of our Board.

Mosser resigned his positions with our company in December 2023.

On August 1, 2023, we entered an employment agreement with Mr.

Metzler pursuant to which he serves as our Chief Financial

Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Mr.

Metzler is paid an annual salary of $240,000 and receives health care insurance

and other customary benefits.

In addition to Mr.

Metzler’s base salary, Mr.

Metzler is entitled to bonuses at the discretion of

the Compensation Committee of our Board, up to 30% of his base salary.

Pursuant to his employment agreement, we granted to Mr.

effective August 1, 2023, an option to purchase 12,092 shares of the Common Stock with an exercise price of $12,41 per share.

vests over four years, with one-quarter vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remainder monthly at the rate of 1/36

per month until fully vested.

Metzler’s employment agreement contains customary clawback language, which states that any incentive-based

compensation granted to Mr.

Metzler, including any annual incentive bonus and stock options, that is subject to recovery under any law,

government rule or regulation, or stock exchange listing requirement, will be subject to such deductions and clawback as may be required

pursuant to applicable rules and our company’s Compensation Clawback Policy.

The agreement also contains customary provisions for

confidentiality and matters related to intellectual property and company property.

Metzler’s employment is at will, meaning that either he or our company may terminate the employment at any time for any reason

or no reason.

The employment agreement also allows for termination by us for “Cause” or by Mr.

Metzler without “Good

Reason,” as defined in the agreement.

If we terminate Mr.

Metzler’s employment for Cause, or if he terminates without Good

Metzler will be entitled to receive the following:

(i) any unpaid base salary accrued up to the termination date, (ii) reimbursement

for business expenses, and (iii) employee benefits and equity compensation under our benefit plans as of the termination date, without

any additional severance or termination payments.

If we terminate Mr.

Metzler without Cause, or if he terminates for Good Reason, Mr.

Metzler will be entitled to receive:

(i) the previously mentioned accrued amounts, (ii) severance pay equal to two (2) months of his

base salary, increasing to six (6) months after one (1) year of employment, and (iii) any rights to option or equity grants previously

On August 22, 2023, we entered an employment agreement with Mr.

Sheriff pursuant to which he serves as of Chief Operating

Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Mr.

Sheriff is paid an annual salary of $225,000 and receives health care insurance

and other customary benefits.

In addition to Mr.

Sherrif’s base salary, Mr.

Sheriff is entitled to bonuses at the discretion of

the Compensation Committee of our Board, up to 30% of his base salary.

Pursuant to his employment agreement, we granted to Mr.

effective August 22, 2023, an option to purchase 7,524 shares of the Common Stock with an exercise price of $9.24 per share.

vests over four years, with one-quarter vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remainder monthly at the rate of 1/36

per month until fully vested.

Sheriff’s employment agreement contains customary clawback language, which states that any incentive-based

compensation granted to Mr.

Metzler, including any annual incentive bonus and stock options, that is subject to recovery under any law,

government rule or regulation, or stock exchange listing requirement, will be subject to such deductions and clawback as may be required

pursuant to applicable rules and our company’s Compensation Clawback Policy.

The agreement also contains customary provisions for

confidentiality and matters related to intellectual property and company property.

Sheriff’s employment is at will, meaning that either he or our company may terminate the employment at any time for any reason

or no reason.

The employment agreement also allows for termination by us for “Cause” or by Mr.

Sheriff without “Good

Reason,” as defined in the agreement.

If we terminate Mr.

Sheriff’s employment for Cause, or if he terminates without Good

Sheriff will be entitled to receive the following:

(i) any unpaid base salary accrued up to the termination date, (ii) reimbursement

for business expenses, and (iii) employee benefits and equity compensation under our benefit plans as of the termination date, without

any additional severance or termination payments.

If we terminate Mr.

Sheriff without Cause, or if he terminates for Good Reason, Mr.

Sheriff will be entitled to receive:

(i) the previously mentioned accrued amounts, (ii) severance pay equal to two (2) months of his

base salary, increasing to six (6) months after one (1) year of employment, and (iii) any rights to option or equity grants previously

On February 8, 2024, we entered an employment agreement with Barry M.

Hopkins under which he serves as our Executive

Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Mr.

Hopkins is paid an annual salary of $300,000 and receives health care insurance

and other customary benefits.

In addition to Mr.

Hopkins’ base salary, Mr.

Hopkins is entitled to bonuses at the discretion of

the Compensation Committee of our Board, up to 40% of his base salary.

Pursuant to his employment agreement, we granted to Mr.

effective February 8, 2024, an option to purchase 63,881 shares of the Common Stock with an exercise price of $5.25 per share (which

was the fair market value of the Common Stock when he was appointed as our Executive Chairman on November 9, 2023).

Such option vests

over four years, with one-quarter vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remainder monthly at the rate of 1/36 per

month until fully vested.

Hopkins’ employment agreement contains customary clawback language, which states that any incentive-based

compensation granted to Mr.

Hopkins, including any annual incentive bonus and stock options, that is subject to recovery under any law,

government rule or regulation, or stock exchange listing requirement, will be subject to such deductions and clawback as may be required

pursuant to applicable rules and our company’s Compensation Clawback Policy.

The agreement also contains customary provisions for

confidentiality and matters related to intellectual property and company property.

Hopkins’ employment is at will, meaning that either he or our company may terminate the employment at any time for any reason or

The employment agreement also allows for termination by us for “Cause” or by Mr.

Hopkins without “Good Reason,”

as defined in the agreement.

If we terminate Mr.

Hopkins’ employment for Cause, or if he terminates without Good Reason, Mr.

will be entitled to receive the following:

(i) any unpaid base salary accrued up to the termination date, (ii) reimbursement for business

expenses, and (iii) employee benefits and equity compensation under our benefit plans as of the termination date, without any additional

severance or termination payments.

If we terminate Mr.

Hopkins without Cause, or if he terminates for Good Reason, Mr.

Hopkins will be

entitled to receive:

(i) the previously mentioned accrued amounts, (ii) severance pay equal to two (2) months of his base salary, increasing

to six (6) months after one (1) year of employment, and (iii) any rights to option or equity grants previously granted.

We do not have formal written employment agreements with Mr.

Director Compensation

In fiscal year 2023, we compensated our independent

directors as follows:

of Director (1)

Patel is a named executive officer and, accordingly, his

compensation is included in the “Summary Compensation Table” above.

Patel did not receive any compensation for their

service as a director for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023.

Reuter resigned from the Board on March 18, 2023.

Hopkins was appointed as our Executive Chairman and principal

executive officer in November 2023.

Cassidy resigned from the Board on January 25, 2024.

Security Ownership

of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

In fiscal year 2024, we compensated

our independent directors as follows:

Name of Director (1)

Roger Brooks (2)

George Chuang (3)

Ashesh Modi (6)

Ketankumar Patel (7)

Patel is a named executive officer and, accordingly, his compensation is included in the “Summary Compensation Table” above.

Patel did not receive any compensation for their service as a director for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

away on September 7, 2024.

Brooks resigned from the Board on February 22, 2024.

Chuang resigned from the Board on February 26, 2024.

Cassidy resigned from the Board

on January 25, 2024.

Hopkins resigned from the Board

on February 22, 2024

Modi was appointed to the Board

on April 23, 2024.

Patel was appointed to the

Board on April 23, 2024.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial

Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth

information with respect to compensation plans under which our equity securities are authorized for issuance as of the end of fiscal

of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights

average exercise and grant price of outstanding options, warrants and rights

of securities remaining available for future issuance

compensation plans approved by security holders

compensation plans not approved by security holders

Plans Not Approved by Stockholders

As of October 31, 2024, there

were no outstanding equity awards issued under our Incentive Plan.

Stock Option Plans

On May 28, 2020, our Board adopted

28 unchanged sentences

The Incentive

Plan provides for options not qualifying as “incentive” stock options, as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue

Code of 1986, as amended, stock appreciation rights, shares of restricted stock, and other stock-based awards.

Plan provides for options not qualifying as “incentive” stock options, as defined in Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code

of 1986, as amended, stock appreciation rights, shares of restricted stock, and other stock-based awards.

Award Limitation .

1 unchanged sentence

Term and Amendments .

terminated by our Board, the Incentive Plan will continue to remain effective until no further awards may be granted, and all awards

granted under the Incentive Plan are no longer outstanding.

terminated by our Board, the Incentive Plan will continue to remain effective until no further awards may be granted, and all awards granted

under the Incentive Plan are no longer outstanding.

Our Board may at any time, and from time to time, amend the Incentive Plan;

provided that no amendment will be made that would impair the rights of a holder under any agreement entered into pursuant to the Incentive

Plan without the holder’s consent.

that no amendment will be made that would impair the rights of a holder under any agreement entered into pursuant to the Incentive Plan

without the holder’s consent.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners

and Management

The following table sets forth,

as of the date of this Report, the number of shares of Common Stock owned of record and beneficially by (i) each of our current directors,

(ii) each of our named executive officers, (iii) our directors and executive officers as a group, and (iv) each stockholder known by

us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding Common Stock.

Beneficial ownership has been determined in accordance

with the rules and regulations of the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to shares.

Unless otherwise indicated,

the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to the number of shares indicated as beneficial owned

The following table lists the

beneficial ownership of the Kaival Common Stock as of February 6, 2025, by (i) each named executive officer, (ii) each director, and (iii)

all of Kaival’s current directors and executive officers as a group.

Percentage outstanding is based on shares of Kaival Common

Stock outstanding as of February 6, 2025.

Beneficial ownership is determined

in accordance with the rules of the SEC and, thus, represents voting or investment power with respect to the 11,542,302 shares of Kaival

Common Stock outstanding as of February 6, 2025.

In computing the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned by a person, shares

that may be acquired by such person within 60 days of February 6, 2025are counted as outstanding, while these shares are not counted as

outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person.

Except as otherwise indicated, the persons listed below have sole

voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock owned by them, except to the extent such power may be shared

with a spouse.

Unless otherwise noted, the address of each person below is c/o Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., 4460 Old Dixie Highway,

Grant-Valkaria, Florida 32949.

Name and Address(1)

Amount and Nature of Beneficial Ownership (Common Stock) (2)

Shares of Kaival

Percentage of

Nirajkumar Patel (3)

Stephen Sheriff (4)

Roger Brooks (5)

George Chuang (6)

Name and Address(1)

Eric Morris(3)

David Worner(4)

Mark Thoenes(5)

Thomas Metzler (10)

Ashesh Modi(6)

Ketankumar Patel(7)

Current Executive Officers and Directors as a Group (5 Persons)

Kaival Holdings, LLC, 401 N.

Kaival Holdings, LLC(8)(9)

Bidi Vapor LLC(10)

(1) The address

for each person listed above is 4460 Old Dixie Highway, Grant-Valkaria, Florida 32949, unless otherwise indicated.

Applicable percentage of ownership is based on 11,542,302 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 6, 2025.

Beneficial ownership is determined

in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.

Shares of common

stock that are currently exercisable within 60 days of February 6, 2025, are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such

securities for the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of such person but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose

of computing the percentage ownership of any person.

(3) Eric Morris serves as our Interim Chief

Financial Officer.

Includes approximately 2,381 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of vested options.

Worner serves as a member of our board.

Includes approximately 10,952 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of vested

Thoenes serves as a member of our board.

Includes approximately 14,524 shares of our common stock issuable upon the exercise of vested

3,000 shares underlying vested options.

KDMM Trust I is the sole voting member of Kaival Holdings, LLC and Ankitaben Patel, as trustee of KDMM Trust I, has voting control

over the Kaival shares owned by Kaival Holdings LLC.

Wickham Road, Suite 130 Melbourne, FL 32935

* Less than 1.0%

(1) The address for each person listed above is 4460

Old Dixie Highway, Grant-Valkaria, Florida 32949, unless otherwise indicated.

(2) Applicable percentage of ownership is based on

2,846,335 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the date of this Report.

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the

rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.

Shares of Common Stock that are currently

exercisable within 60 days as of the date of this Report are deemed to be beneficially owned by the person holding such securities for

the purpose of computing the percentage of ownership of such person but are not treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the

percentage ownership of any person.

(3) Nirajkumar Patel serves as our Chief Science & Regulatory Officer, and director.

Consists of 1,917,400 shares of our Common Stock held by Kaival Holdings, an entity over which Mr.

Patel has shared dispositive and

voting authority, and approximately 52,381 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of vested options, and excludes approximately

11,905 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of unvested options.

(4) Stephen Sheriff serves as our Chief Operating

Consists of 6,405 shares of our Common Stock and approximately 1,191 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of

vested options, and excludes approximately 8,715 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of unvested options.

(5) Roger Brooks serves as a member of our board.

Consists of approximately 6,746 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of vested options and excludes approximately 5,953

shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of unvested options.

(6) George Chuang serves as a member of our board.

Consists of approximately 6,746 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of vested options and excludes approximately 5,953

shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of unvested options.

Hopkins serves as our Executive Chairman

and Interim Chief Executive Officer and President.

Excludes approximately 5,953 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise

of unvested options.

(8) David Worner serves as a member of our

Excludes approximately 5,953 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of unvested options.

(9) Mark Thoenes serves as a member of our board.

Consists of 80 shares of our Common Stock and approximately 9,524 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of vested options.

(10) Thomas Metzler serves as our Chief Financial

Officer, Secretary and Treasurer.

Excludes approximately 12,092 shares of our Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of unvested options.

Nirajkumar Patel and Eric Mosser (our former

Chief Executive Officer and President) are the sole voting members of Kaival Holdings, with Mr.

Patel holding voting control.

Certain Relationships and Related Party

the beginning of our fiscal year, we have entered into or participated in the following transactions with related persons:

During the year ended October

31, 2023, the Company recognized revenue of $10,828 from three companies owned by Nirajkumar Patel, the Chief Science and Regulatory

Officer and a director of the Company, and/or his wife.

Trust I owns all of the equity of Bidi and Ankitaben Patel, as trustee of KDMM Trust I, has voting control over the Kaival shares owned

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

Since the beginning of our fiscal

year, we have entered into or participated in the following transactions with related persons:

During the year ended October 31, 2024, the Company recognized revenue of $5,950

from three companies owned by Nirajkumar Patel, former Chief Executive Officer and director of the Company and/or his wife.

Purchases and Accounts Payable

the year ended October 31, 2023, 100% of the inventories of products, consisting solely of the BIDI® Stick, were purchased from

Bidi, a related party controlled by Nirajkumar Patel, in the amount of $ 12,747,006.

As of October 31, 2023, the Company product

valued at $4,057,025 were held in inventory.

In addition, as of October 31, 2023, the Company had an accounts payable balance to Bidi

related to purchase of inventories of $1,521,491.

License Agreement provides that KBI shall pay Bidi license fees equivalent to 50% of the adjusted earned royalty payments, after any

offsets due to jointly agreed costs such development costs incurred for entry to specific international markets.

During the year

ended October 31, 2023, the Company paid license fees of approximately $150,000 to Bidi.

As of October 31, 2023 and 2022, no

additional license fees are owed to Bidi.

As of October 31, 2023, the Company had accounts payable to Bidi of $712,524 for NRE and

$240,802 for reimbursement of insurance expense .

Leased Office Space and Storage Space

year ended October 31, 2024, 100% of the inventories of products, consisting solely of the BIDI® Stick, were purchased from

Bidi, a related party controlled by Nirajkumar Patel and/or his wife ,

in the amount of $0.3 million.

The KBI License Agreement provides

that KBI shall pay Bidi license fees equivalent to 50% of the adjusted earned royalty payments, after any offsets due to jointly agreed

costs such development costs incurred for entry to specific international markets.

During the year ended October 31, 2024, the Company

paid license fees of approximately $220,000 to Bidi.

As of October 31, 2024, the Company had accounts payable to Bidi of $131,683 for

license fees.

Leased Office Space and Storage

We capitalize all leased assets

6 unchanged sentences

office building and warehouse, together with all improvements thereon.

Just Pick is considered a related party because our Chief Science

and Regulatory Officer and director, Mr.

Just Pick is considered a related party because our Chief Executive

Officer and director, Mr.

Nirajkumar Patel, owns and controls Just Pick.

Receivables Purchase Arrangements

29, 2023, we entered into two receivables purchase transactions pursuant to:

(i) a Future Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement,

dated November 29, 2023, between Clearview Funding Solutions LLC (“Clearview”) and our company (the “Clearview

Agreement”), and (ii) a Future Receivables Sale and Purchase Agreement, dated November 29, 2023, between Mr.

Advance LLC (“Advance”)

and our company (the “Advance Agreement”).

to the Clearview Agreement, we sold future receivables in the principal amount of $864,000 (the “Clearview Future Receivables”)

to Clearview in a private transaction for a purchase price of $600,000 (giving effect to original issue discount of $264,000).

In connection

with the sale of the Clearview Future Receivables, we also paid an origination fee to Clearview for underwriting and application costs

of $36,520, resulting in net proceeds to us of $563,480 (gross of advisory fees).

Our obligations under the Clearview Agreement are personally

guaranteed by Eric Mosser, our former Chief Executive Officer and President.

to the Advance Agreement, we sold future receivables in the principal amount of $864,000 (the “Advance Future Receivables”)

to Advance in a private transaction for a purchase price of $600,000 (giving effect to original issue discount of $264,000).

In connection

with the sale of the Advance Future Receivables, we also paid an origination fee to Advance for underwriting and related expenses of

$36,035, resulting in net proceeds to us of $563,965 (gross of advisory fees).

Our obligations under the Advance Agreement are also personally

guaranteed by Mr.

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

5 unchanged sentences

director, if possible) for approval and documented in the board minutes.

Principal Accounting

Fees and Services.

Below is the aggregate amount

of fees billed for professional services rendered by MaloneBailey, LLP, our principal accountants with respect to our fiscal year ended

October 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022.

and review fees

Audit-related

Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

is the aggregate amount of fees billed for professional services rendered by Malone Bailey,

LLP, our principal accountants with respect to our fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, and

October 31, 2023.

Audit and review fees

Audit-related fees

All other fees

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

7 unchanged sentences

the non-audit services prohibited by law or regulations.

Exhibits, Financial

Statement Schedules.

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

a) Financial Statements

Our financial statements are listed

in the index under Item 8 of this document;

Our financial statements are listed in

the index under Item 8 of this document;

All financial statement schedules are

1 unchanged sentence

(b) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K.

Certificate of Incorporation, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Registration Statement on Form 10-12G filed with the Securities

and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2019, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

which were filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form 10-12G filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on

February 19, 2019, and are incorporated herein by reference thereto.

of Ownership and Merger, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 20, 2019, which was filed as Exhibit

3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 15, 2019, and is incorporated herein

by reference thereto.

of Correction, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 15, 2019, which was filed as Exhibit 3.2 to

our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 15, 2019, and is incorporated herein by

reference thereto.

of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., effective July 20,

2021, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July

20, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Registration Statement on Form 10-12G filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 25, 2019, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Bylaws, which were filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Registration Statement on Form 10-12G filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 19, 2019, and are incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Certificate of Ownership and Merger, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 20, 2019, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 15, 2019, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Certificate of Correction, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 15, 2019, which was filed as Exhibit 3.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 15, 2019, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., effective July 20, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 20, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, dated May 30, 2023, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., effective January 22,

2024, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 26,

2024, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Certificate of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., effective January 22, 2024, which was filed as Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 26, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Description of Securities*

Form of senior indenture, filed as Exhibit 4.4 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 30, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

of Warrant, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on October 4, 2021,

and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Agency Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2021, by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and VStock Transfer, LLC,

as warrant agent, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on October

4, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Stock Purchase Warrant issued to GoFire, Inc on May 30, 2023, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and QuikfillRx LLC, dated March 31, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit

10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2020, and is incorporated herein

by reference thereto.

Amendment to Service Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and QuikfillRx LLC, dated June 2, 2020, which

was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2020, and

is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Non-Exclusive

Sub-Distribution Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Favs Business, LLC, dated April 3, 2020, which

was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 6, 2020, and

is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Non-Exclusive

Sub-Distribution Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Colonial Wholesale Distributing Inc., dated April

11, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on

April 13, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

and Restated Non-Exclusive Sub-Distribution Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Favs Business, LLC,

dated May 21, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.6 to our Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 27,

2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

and Restated Non-Exclusive Sub-Distribution Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Colonial Wholesale

Distributing Inc., dated May 25, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.7 to our Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission

on May 27, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Cancellation and Exchange Agreement, by and between the Company and Kaival Holdings, LLC, dated August 19, 2020, which was filed

as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 21, 2020, and is incorporated

herein by reference thereto.

and Restated 2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, which was filed as an annex to our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule

14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 4, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto .

of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Nirajkumar Patel, which was filed as

Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2020, and is incorporated

herein by reference thereto.

of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Eric Mosser, which was filed as Exhibit

10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2020, and is incorporated herein

by reference thereto.

of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Nirajkumar Patel, which was filed as

Exhibit 10.5 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2020 and is incorporated

herein by reference thereto.

of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Eric Mosser, which was filed as Exhibit

10.6 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2020 and is incorporated herein

by reference thereto.

Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., and Just Pick, LLC, dated July 15, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit

10.14 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 14, 2020, and is incorporated

herein by reference thereto.

Agreement, by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Russell Quick, dated March 16, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit

10.18 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2021, and is incorporated

herein by reference thereto.

Amendment to Service Agreement, by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and QuikfillRx LLC, effective as of March 16,

2021, which was filed as Exhibit 10.19 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on

June 21, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Director Agreement, dated June 30, 2021, by and between the Company and George Chuang, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current

Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Agreement, dated June 14, 2021, by and between the Company and Mark Thoenes, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report

on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

and Restated Independent Director Agreement, dated March 29, 2021, by and between the Company and Roger Brooks, which was filed as

Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 23, 2021, and is incorporated

herein by reference thereto.

to Amended and Restated Independent Director Agreement, dated July 19, 2021, by and between the Company and Roger Brooks, which was

filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on July 23, 2021, and is incorporated

herein by reference thereto.

Agreement by and between the Company and Just Pick, LLC, dated June 10, 2022, which was filed as Exhibit 10.24 to our Quarterly Report

on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

of Licensing Agreement by and between Kaival Brands International, LLC and Philip Morris Products S.A., dated as of June 13, 2022,

which was filed as Exhibit 10.26 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21,

2022, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Amendment to Service Agreement, dated November 9, 2022 between the Company and QuikfillRx, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our

Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference

Stock Option Grant Agreement, dated November 9, 2022, between the Company and QuikfillRx, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our

Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference

Stock Option Grant Agreement, dated November 9, 2022, between the Company and QuikfillRx, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our

Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference

Purchase Agreement by and among Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., Kaival Labs, Inc., and GoFire, Inc., dated May 30, 2023, which

was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2023,

and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Agreement by and between the Company and Thomas Metzler, dated August 1, 2023, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report

on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

of Amendment to Deed of License Agreement, executed and entered into by the Company on August 12, 2023, by and among Philip Morris Products

S.A., Kaival Brands International, LLC, Bidi Vapor, LLC and the Company.

which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form

10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.*+

Agreement by and between the Company and Stephen Sheriff, dated August 22, 2023, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report

on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 28, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Barry Hopkins, dated February 8, 2024.*

and Restated Insider Trading Policy*

of Subsidiaries*

of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*

Certification

of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*

Certification

of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*

Certification

of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C.

Form of Warrant, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on October 4, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Warrant Agency Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2021, by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and VStock Transfer, LLC, as warrant agent, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on October 4, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Common Stock Purchase Warrant issued to GoFire, Inc on May 30, 2023, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Service Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and QuikfillRx LLC, dated March 31, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

First Amendment to Service Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and QuikfillRx LLC, dated June 2, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 3, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Non-Exclusive Sub-Distribution Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Favs Business, LLC, dated April 3, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 6, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Non-Exclusive Sub-Distribution Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Colonial Wholesale Distributing Inc., dated April 11, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 13, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Amended and Restated Non-Exclusive Sub-Distribution Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Favs Business, LLC, dated May 21, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.6 to our Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 27, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Amended and Restated Non-Exclusive Sub-Distribution Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Colonial Wholesale Distributing Inc., dated May 25, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.7 to our Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 27, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Share Cancellation and Exchange Agreement, by and between the Company and Kaival Holdings, LLC, dated August 19, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 21, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Amended and Restated 2020 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, which was filed as an annex to our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 4, 2022 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Lease Agreement by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., and Just Pick, LLC, dated July 15, 2020, which was filed as Exhibit 10.14 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 14, 2020, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Consulting Agreement, by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and Russell Quick, dated March 16, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 10.18 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Second Amendment to Service Agreement, by and between Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc.

and QuikfillRx LLC, effective as of March 16, 2021, which was filed as Exhibit 10.19 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Lease Agreement by and between the Company and Just Pick, LLC, dated June 10, 2022, which was filed as Exhibit 10.24 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Deed of Licensing Agreement by and between Kaival Brands International, LLC and Philip Morris Products S.A., dated as of June 13, 2022, which was filed as Exhibit 10.26 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Fourth Amendment to Service Agreement, dated November 9, 2022 between the Company and QuikfillRx, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement, dated November 9, 2022, between the Company and QuikfillRx, which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Nonqualified Stock Option Grant Agreement, dated November 9, 2022, between the Company and QuikfillRx, which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Kaival Brands Innovations Group, Inc., Kaival Labs, Inc., and GoFire, Inc., dated May 30, 2023, which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

of Amendment to Deed of License Agreement, executed and entered into by the Company on August 12, 2023, by and among Philip Morris

Products S.A., Kaival Brands International, LLC, Bidi Vapor, LLC and the Company.

which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly

Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference

Amended and Restated Board of Directors Compensation Agreement with Ashesh Modi which was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Amended and Restated Board of Directors Compensation Agreement with Ketankumar Patel which was filed as Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Amended and Restated Board of Directors Compensation Agreement with David Worner which was filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Amended and Restated Board of Directors Compensation Agreement with Mark Thoenesl which was filed as Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Letter Agreement dated October 25, 2024, between the Company and Bidi Vapor, LLC*

Debt Exchange Agreement dated October 25, 2024, between the Company and Bidi Vapor, LLC*

Amended and Restated Insider Trading Policy*

List of Subsidiaries*

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934*

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C.

Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code*

Certification

of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C.

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C.

Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code*

Clawback Policy*

Compensation Clawback Policy*

Instance Document*

Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation

Linkbase Document*

Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

XBRL Taxonomy Extension

Label Linkbase Document*

XBRL Taxonomy Presentation

Linkbase Document*

Calculation Linkbase Document*

Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

XBRL Taxonomy

Extension Label Linkbase Document*

XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document*

Cover Page Interactive

4 unchanged sentences

not material and are of the type that the Company treats as private or confidential.

Schedules and Exhibits omitted

pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K.

The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to the Securities

and Exchange Commission upon request;

provided, however, that the Company may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for any Schedule or Exhibit so furnished.

Schedules and Exhibits omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K.

The Company agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request;

provided, however, that the Company may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for any Schedule or Exhibit so furnished.

Form 10-K Summary.

Pursuant to the requirements of

Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by

the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the

undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Kaival Brands

Innovations Group, Inc.

Executive Chairman, Interim

Chief Executive, and President

(Principal Executive Officer)

Interim Chief Executive

Pursuant to the requirements of

1 unchanged sentence

capacities and on the dates indicated.

Executive Chairman, Interim Chief Executive

Officer, and President

(Principal Executive Officer)

February 13, 2024

/s/ Thomas Metzler

Thomas Metzler

Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Secretary

February 13, 2024

/s/ Nirajkumar

Nirajkumar Patel

Chief Science and Regulatory Officer and Director

February 13, 2024

/s/ Roger Brooks

Interim Chief Executive Officer, Director

February 7, 2025

/s/ George Chuang

George Chuang

Interim Chief Financial Officer

February 7, 2025

/s/ Mark Thoenes

February 7, 2025

/s/ Kentankumar

Kentankumar Patel

February 7, 2025

Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures