What changed in this filing

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis

2025-05-08 compared with 2024-11-12 · 78 added, 166 removed, 127 unchanged (66% of the section changed)

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There may be additional risks, uncertainties, and other factors that we do not currently view as material or that are not necessarily known.

Dollars in tabular format are presented in thousands unless otherwise indicated.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

GrowGeneration Corp.

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Today, GrowGeneration operates two major lines of business:

its Cultivation and Gardening segment, composed of the Company's hydroponic and organic gardening business;

and its Storage Solutions segment, composed of the Company's benching, racking, and storage solutions business.

our Cultivation and Gardening segment, composed of our hydroponic and organic gardening business;

and our Storage Solutions segment, composed of our benching, racking, and storage solutions business.

The United States has recently announced changes to U.S.

trade policy, including increasing tariffs on imports, in some cases significantly, and potentially negotiating or terminating existing trade agreements.

For example, on April 2, 2025, the United States announced a new universal baseline tariff of 10%, plus an additional country-specific tariff for select trading partners, on all U.S.

These actions, and retaliatory tariffs imposed by other countries on U.S.

exports, have led to significant volatility and uncertainty in global markets.

Given the uncertainty regarding the scope and duration of current and potential tariffs, trade policies, and other non-tariff trade practices and policies, the specific impact on our business and results of operations is uncertain but could result in increased costs for our products.

We are actively monitoring these developments and exploring strategies to mitigate these risks and potential negative effects on our business and results from operations, including negotiating with suppliers, adjusting our pricing strategies, moving our supply chain away from countries with higher tariffs in favor of other jurisdictions, and seeking tariff exemptions where possible.

MARKETS AND BUSINESS SEGMENTS

During the fourth quarter of 2023, we realigned our operating and reportable segments to correspond with changes to our operating model, management structure, and internal reporting and to better align with how the chief operating decision maker makes operating decisions, allocates resources, and assesses performance.

Accordingly, we identified two operating segments, each its own reportable segment, based on our major lines of business:

We have two operating segments, each its own reportable segment, based on our major lines of business:

the Cultivation and Gardening segment and the Storage Solutions segment.

Comparative prior period disclosures have been recast to conform to the current segment presentation.

We recognize specifically identifiable operating costs such as cost of sales, distribution expenses, and store operations and other operational expenses within each segment.

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Our target customers include commercial and craft growers, as well as home growers, in the plant-based medicine market, and commercial and home gardeners who grow organic herbs, fruits, and vegetables.

Additionally, through our brand HRG Distribution, we distribute many of our products, including our proprietary

products, to customers that are wholesalers, resellers, and retailers in the specialty retail hydroponic and organic gardening industry.

We make our products available to growers through a variety of channels, including hydroponic retail locations, a commercial sales teams serving commercial cultivators, an online platform for cultivators at growgeneration.com, and a wholesale business, HRG Distribution, that markets to resellers in both the hydroponic and traditional gardening markets.

Management believes that the Company has the largest chain of specialty retail hydroponic and organic garden centers in the U.S., with 31 retail locations across 12 states as of September 30, 2024.

Additionally, through our wholesale division, we distribute many of our proprietary products to customers that are wholesalers, resellers, and retailers in the specialty retail hydroponic and organic gardening industry.

We make our products available to growers through a variety of channels, including our hydroponic retail locations, a commercial sales division that provides white glove service to commercial cultivators, a wholesale division that markets to resellers in both the hydroponic and traditional gardening markets, and an online platform at growgeneration.com, which includes a B2B customer portal for commercial and wholesale customers.

Management believes that the Company has the largest chain of specialty retail hydroponic and organic garden centers in the U.S., with 31 retail locations across 12 states as of March 31, 2025.

We continue to evaluate our retail geographic footprint for redundancies in our fixed cost structure and for opportunities to serve our customers through other retail locations and our online platforms.

Storage Solutions Segment

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Strategic Restructuring Plan

In July 2024, we announced a strategic restructuring plan focused on long-term profitability and advancing growth initiatives in key areas of our Gardening and Cultivation segment such as our proprietary brands, commercial sales, and e-commerce business.

These restructuring plans have primarily included product development costs, digital transformation initiatives, reductions in cost structure by closing and consolidating 12 redundant or underperforming retail locations, in addition to the 7 retail locations closed in the first half of 2024, workforce reductions, and other operational improvements in inventory management, sales and marketing, and administrative activities.

Our restructuring and restructuring related charges consists of inventory disposal costs, retail location closure costs including related contract termination costs and fixed asset disposals, employee termination benefits, asset impairments including the impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets, and other associated costs.

Since the restructuring activities were announced in July 2024, we have incurred aggregate restructuring and restructuring-related costs of $2.1 million, presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as follows:

In July 2024, we announced a strategic restructuring plan focused on long-term profitability and advancing growth initiatives in key areas of our Cultivation and Gardening segment such as our proprietary brands, commercial sales, and e-commerce business.

The restructuring plan primarily included product development costs, digital transformation initiatives, reductions in cost structure by closing and consolidating 12 redundant or underperforming retail locations, in addition to the 7 retail locations closed in the first half of 2024, workforce reductions, and other operational improvements in inventory management, sales and marketing, and administrative activities.

As of March 31, 2025, we have substantially completed our restructuring activities and do not expect to incur significant additional restructuring and restructuring-related costs in future periods.

Overall, we incurred a total of approximately $3.5 million in restructuring and restructuring-related costs, including $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $2.4 million previously incurred in fiscal year 2024.

As a result of these restructuring activities, we expect improvement in our gross profit margin and profitability while generating annualized cost savings of approximately $12.0 million.

Our restructuring and restructuring-related charges consisted of inventory disposal costs, retail location closure costs including related contract termination costs and fixed asset disposals, employee termination benefits, asset impairments including the impairment of operating lease right-of-use assets, and other associated costs.

Restructuring and restructuring-related costs incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025 were presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows:

Restructuring

Cultivation and Gardening segment:

Cost of sales (1)

Gross profit (1,039)

Store operations and other operational expenses (1)

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Selling, general, and administrative (2)

Impairment loss (4)

Other expense (5)

Total restructuring and restructuring-related charges $ (1,141)

(1) Includes inventory disposal costs

(2) Costs consist of retail location closure costs including related contract termination costs and employee termination benefits

(3) Includes employee termination benefits and other associated costs

(4) Consists of asset impairments for operating lease right-of-use assets

(5) Includes non-operating losses related to retail location closures

In addition to the effect on cost of sales shown above related to inventory disposal costs, we estimate we incurred a $0.9 million loss in gross profit due to inventory discounts offered in conjunction with exiting the twelve retail locations.

Also in conjunction with our restructuring activities to support operational and administrative improvements, we reassessed and shortened the estimated useful life of certain capitalized software assets, which resulted in an $1.5 million increase to depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2024, the outstanding restructuring liability was $0.3 million pertaining to employee termination benefits and contract terminations costs related to retail location closures, which we expect to pay before the end of the first quarter of 2025.

However, certain facilities costs related to closed retail locations for which we are pursuing sublease arrangements will be paid over the remaining terms which extend through 2032 at the latest.

Overall, we expect to incur a total of approximately $2.4 million in restructuring and restructuring-related costs, including the $2.1 million previously incurred.

The remainder of the expected charges primarily relate to corporate operational and administrative contract terminations and other associated costs.

We expect that these restructuring activities will be substantially completed by the end of the first quarter of 2025 and will improve gross profit margin and profitability while generating annualized cost savings of approximately $12.0 million.

(1) Costs consist primarily of fixed asset disposals and lease contract termination costs for previously closed retail locations

(2) Costs consist of corporate operational and administrative contract terminations

In conjunction with our restructuring activities to support operational and administrative improvements, we reassessed and shortened the estimated useful life of certain capitalized software assets, which resulted in a $0.6 million increase to depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment in the three months ended March 31, 2025.

These capitalized software assets became fully amortized and were retired during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2025, there was no outstanding restructuring liability.

However, certain facilities costs or contract termination costs related to closed retail locations for which we are pursuing sublease arrangements or lease terminations may be paid over the remaining terms which extend through 2032 at the latest.

Refer to Note 14, Restructuring, of our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for additional information regarding restructuring activities.

Growth Strategy

GrowGeneration's main growth strategy has been to consolidate assets within the fragmented hydroponics industry to leverage efficiencies of a centralized organization.

GROWTH STRATEGIES

Our main growth strategy has been to consolidate assets within the fragmented hydroponics industry to leverage efficiencies of a centralized organization.

As a result, we have built a business that is driven by a wide selection of products, a strong portfolio of proprietary brands, a solutions-driven staff located in strategic markets around the country, and pick, pack, ship distribution and fulfillment capabilities.

Since our founding in 2014, GrowGeneration has acquired or opened numerous specialty hydroponic and organic gardening center locations.

Management believes that GrowGeneration has the largest chain of specialty retail hydroponic and organic garden centers in the U.S., with 31 retail locations across 12 states as of September 30, 2024.

GrowGeneration has also acquired several other types of businesses within or complimentary to the hydroponic industry, such as online retailers, proprietary products, our distribution business, HRG, and our benching, racking, and storage solutions business, MMI.

GrowGeneration

regularly seeks and evaluates accretive acquisition opportunities with similar or complimentary businesses to those businesses it already operates.

Our main growth strategies for the Storage Solutions segment include expanding the types of customers and industries to which we sell our Storage Solutions products, including greater penetration in agriculture and golf and country clubs.

In March 2024, we announced we had engaged Lake Street Capital to advise and assist in exploring strategic opportunities for our benching, racking, and storage solutions business.

Since our founding in 2014, we have acquired or opened numerous specialty hydroponic and organic gardening center locations.

Management believes that GrowGeneration has the largest chain of specialty retail hydroponic and organic garden centers in the U.S., with 31 retail locations across 12 states as of March 31, 2025.

We have also acquired several other types of businesses within or complimentary to the hydroponic industry, such as online retailers, proprietary products, our wholesale distribution business, and our benching, racking, and storage solutions business, MMI.

We regularly seek and evaluate accretive acquisition opportunities with similar or complimentary businesses to those businesses it already operates.

COMPONENTS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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In more mature markets, the sales patterns tend to favor higher percentages of consumable purchasing in comparison to emerging markets.

We assess the organic growth of our Cultivation and Gardening segment net sales on a same-store basis.

We believe that our assessment on a same-store basis represents an important indicator of comparative financial results and provides relevant information to assess our performance.

New and acquired stores become eligible for inclusion in the comparable store base if the store has been under our ownership for the entire period in the same-store base periods for which we are including the store.

Closed stores become ineligible for inclusion in the comparable store base in the month in which operations cease.

Cost of Sales

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R ESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of the Unaudited Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

Comparison of the Unaudited Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, selected information from our unaudited Condensed Consolidated financial results, including information presented as a percentage of net sales:

Three Months Ended September 30,

Three Months Ended March 31,

2025 2024 Year-to-Year Variance

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*Percentage is not meaningful.

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were $50.0 million, a decrease of $5.7 million or 10.2% as compared to net sales of $55.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

The decrease in net sales was primarily related to our Cultivation and Gardening segment, which had net sales of $41.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $48.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

This decrease in net sales was primarily due to the fiscal 2023 consolidation of 6 retail locations after September 30, 2023 as well as the closure of 19 retail locations to date in fiscal 2024, which include the 12 redundant or underperforming retail locations consolidated in conjunction with the restructuring plan.

Additionally, we estimate that inventory sales discounts related to exiting the 12 restructuring retail locations contributed to reduced net sales of $0.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Same-store sales increased approximately 12.5%, primarily attributable to commercial sales growth, customer retention in markets where there were retail location closures and improvements in our e-commerce site sales volume.

Proprietary brand sales as a percentage of Cultivation and Gardening net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased to 23.8% as compared to 19.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, largely driven by our strategic initiatives to increase sales volume with our expanded portfolio of proprietary brands and various proprietary product launches.

The percentage of Cultivation and Gardening net sales related to consumable products remained relatively flat at 73.3% and 73.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Additionally, net sales of commercial fixtures within our Storage Solutions segment increased to $8.6 million, or 12.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $7.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increased demand from retail customers.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $39.2 million, a decrease of $0.3 million or 0.7% compared to $39.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

The corresponding reduction in cost of sales as compared to the 10.2% decrease in net sales, as previously discussed, was largely offset by the additional $1.0 million of inventory disposal costs incurred as part of the restructuring plan as well as reduced inventory discounts from vendors in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Gross profit was $10.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $16.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $5.4 million or 33.2%.

The decrease in gross profit was primarily related to the Gardening and Cultivation segment, which decreased $5.5 million, or 43.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, largely as a result of the decrease in sales volume due to store consolidations and the effects of the strategic restructuring plan, including the estimated $0.9 million in inventory sales discounts and the additional $1.0 million of inventory disposal costs incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Gross profit from our Storage Solutions segment increased $0.1 million, or 2.7%, in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Gross profit margin was 21.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of 750 basis points from a gross profit margin of 29.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2023.

The decrease in gross profit margin was largely driven by the Gardening and Cultivation segment, which had a gross profit margin of 17.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to 26.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, due to the effects of the strategic restructuring plan, including the inventory disposal costs and inventory sales discounts, reduced inventory discounts from vendors, and continued industry pricing compression on distributed products.

Gross profit margin also decreased for the Storage Solutions segment to 42.2% in the three months ended September 30, 2024 from 46.4% in three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily driven by higher costs of inventory.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses are comprised of store operations and other operational expenses, selling, general, and administrative, estimated credit losses, depreciation and amortization, and impairment loss.

Operating expenses were $22.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and $24.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $1.3 million or 5.4%.

Store operating costs and other operational expenses, which consisted primarily of payroll, rent and utilities, and allocated corporate overhead costs, were $10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $11.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $1.6 million or 13.9%.

The decrease in store operating costs was primarily due to the fiscal 2023 consolidation of 6 retail locations after September 30, 2023 as well as the 19 retail locations closed to date in fiscal 2024, including the 12 redundant or underperforming retail locations consolidated in conjunction with the restructuring plan.

This decrease was partially offset by the additional $0.7 million of restructuring costs incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2024 related to exiting those retail locations and the related employee termination benefits.

Total corporate overhead, which is comprised of selling, general, and administrative expense, estimated credit losses, and depreciation and amortization expense, remained stable at $12.6 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2024 and three months ended September 30, 2023.

Selling, general, and administrative costs decreased by $0.2 million or 2.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily as a result of decreased professional fees and corporate expenses and decreased share-based compensation.

This decrease in selling, general, and administrative expense was partially offset by a net $0.3 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023, which included increased depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment of approximately $0.8 million driven by the accelerated depreciation and amortization for certain capitalized software assets reassessed as part of our restructuring activities and decreased amortization expense of approximately $0.6 million related to intangible assets as a result of intangible asset impairments in fourth quarter of fiscal 2023.

In conjunction with our strategic restructuring activities, we assessed the right-of-use assets of certain closed retail locations for impairment when we anticipated the total remaining lease cost for the term to be greater than the anticipated sublease income, which resulted in an impairment loss of $0.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) remained relatively flat at approximately $0.6 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

Comparison of the Unaudited Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

Nine Months Ended September 30,

2024 2023 Year-to-Year Variance

Net sales $ 151,430 100.0 % $ 176,430 100.0 % $ (25,000) (14.2) %

Cost of sales 113,835 75.2 % 126,816 71.9 % (12,981) (10.2) %

Gross profit 37,595 24.8 % 49,614 28.1 % (12,019) (24.2) %

Operating expenses 65,632 43.3 % 71,369 40.5 % (5,737) (8.0) %

Loss from operations (28,037) (18.5) % (21,755) (12.3) % (6,282) (28.9) %

Other income 1,919 1.3 % 2,666 1.5 % (747) (28.0) %

Net loss before taxes (26,118) (17.2) % (19,089) (10.8) % (7,029) (36.8) %

Benefit (provision) for income taxes (50) — % (93) (0.1) % 43 (46.2) %

Net loss $ (26,168) (17.3) % $ (19,182) (10.9) % $ (6,986) (36.4) %

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $151.4 million, a decrease of $25.0 million or 14.2% as compared to net sales of $176.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The decrease in net sales was primarily related to our Cultivation and Gardening segment, which had net sales of $130.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $152.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

In addition to continued industry pricing compression on distributed products, we estimate that inventory sales discounts related to exiting the 12 restructuring retail locations contributed to reduced net sales of $0.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Same-store sales increased approximately 0.8%, primarily attributable to commercial sales growth and customer retention in markets where there were retail location closures.

Proprietary brand sales as a percentage of Cultivation and Gardening net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 22.6% as compared to 18.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, largely driven by our strategic initiatives to increase sales volume with our expanded portfolio of proprietary brands and various proprietary product launches.

The percentage of Cultivation and Gardening net sales related to consumable products for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was 72.1%, which was an increase from 69.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The increase in consumable sales as a percentage of net sales was driven mainly by increased brand adoption of proprietary growing media and nutrient products.

Additionally, net sales of commercial fixtures within our Storage Solutions segment decreased to $20.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $23.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a similar volume of projects with a decrease in average project size.

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $35.7 million, a decrease of $12.2 million or 25.4% as compared to net sales of $47.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The decrease in net sales was primarily related to our Cultivation and Gardening segment, which had net sales of $30.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $43.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

This decrease in net sales was primarily due to the closure of 19 retail locations during 2024, which included the 12 redundant or underperforming retail locations consolidated in conjunction with the restructuring plan.

Additionally, the decreased net sales for Cultivation and Gardening related to reduced e-commerce retail sales volume, slowness in durable product sales, as well as discounting products that were discontinued in conjunction with the 2024 restructuring plan and strategic rationalization of our product offerings.

Proprietary brand sales as a percentage of Cultivation and Gardening net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased to 32.0% as compared to 22.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, largely driven by our strategic initiatives to increase sales mix of our expanded portfolio of proprietary brands and various product launches.

The percentage of Cultivation and Gardening net sales related to consumable products for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 74.6%, an increase from 70.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which was mainly driven by increased brand adoption of proprietary growing media and nutrient products.

Net sales of commercial fixtures within our Storage Solutions segment remained consistent at $4.8 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $113.8 million, a decrease of $13.0 million or 10.2% compared to $126.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The corresponding reduction in cost of sales as compared to the 14.2% decrease in net sales, as previously discussed, was offset by the additional $1.0 million of inventory disposal costs incurred related to the restructuring plan as well as reduced inventory discounts from vendors and other non-recurring costs associated with store consolidations in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Gross profit was $37.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $49.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $12.0 million or 24.2%.

The decrease in gross profit is primarily related to the Gardening and Cultivation segment, which decreased $10.8 million, or 27.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, largely as a result of the decrease in sales volume due to store

consolidations and the effects of the strategic restructuring plan, including the estimated $0.9 million in inventory sales discounts and the additional $1.0 million of inventory disposal costs incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as previously discussed.

Additionally, gross profit from our Storage Solutions segment decreased $1.2 million, or 11.9%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily driven by the decrease in revenue.

Gross profit margin was 24.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of 330 basis points from a gross profit margin of 28.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The decrease in gross profit margin was largely driven by the Gardening and Cultivation segment, which had a gross profit margin of 21.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to 25.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the effects of the strategic restructuring plan, including the inventory disposal costs and inventory sales discounts, reduced inventory discounts from vendors, and continued industry pricing compression on distributed products.

The gross profit margin for the Storage Solutions segment remained relatively flat at 44.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to 43.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $26.0 million, a decrease of $9.5 million or 26.8% compared to $35.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The decrease in cost of sales largely corresponds to the 25.4% decrease in net sales, as previously discussed, and was partially offset by reduced inventory discounts from vendors.

Gross profit was $9.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $12.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $2.7 million or 21.5%.

The decrease in gross profit was primarily related to the Cultivation and Gardening segment, which decreased $2.4 million, or 23.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, largely as a result of the decrease in sales volume due to store consolidations and the effects of the strategic restructuring plan.

Additionally, gross profit from our Storage Solutions segment decreased $0.2 million,

or 11.6%, in the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 primarily due to increases in installation labor costs.

Gross profit margin was 27.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of 140 basis points from a gross profit margin of 25.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The increase in gross profit margin was largely driven by the Cultivation and Gardening segment, which had a gross profit margin of 25.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to 24.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by our strategic initiatives to increase sales mix of our expanded portfolio of proprietary brands.

The Storage Solutions gross profit margin decreased to 37.6% in the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 42.7% in three months ended March 31, 2024 due to industry pricing compression for the Storage Solutions segment.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses are comprised of store operations and other operational expenses, selling, general, and administrative, estimated credit losses, depreciation and amortization, and impairment loss.

Operating expenses were $65.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $71.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $5.7 million or 8.0%.

Store operating costs and other operational expenses, which consisted primarily of payroll, rent and utilities, and allocated corporate overhead costs, were $30.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $36.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $5.4 million or 14.9%.

This decrease was partially offset by the additional $0.7 million of restructuring costs incurred the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to exiting those retail locations and the related employee termination benefits.

Additionally, as part of our 2023 charitable initiatives, we had approximately $0.4 million more charitable donations in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Total corporate overhead, which is comprised of selling, general, and administrative expense, estimated credit losses, and depreciation and amortization expense, decreased to $34.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $35.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $0.5 million or 1.6%.

Selling, general, and administrative costs increased by $0.5 million or 2.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily as a result of one-time severances and related professional fees and increased marketing expenses related to various proprietary product launches.

This increase was offset by the estimated credit recoveries of $0.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a $0.3 million settlement received in bankruptcy proceedings related to a note receivable, as compared to the estimated credit loss of $0.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Additionally, the increase in selling, general, and administrative expense was offset by a net $0.1 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which included increased depreciation and amortization expense related to property and equipment of approximately $1.5 million driven by the accelerated depreciation and amortization for certain capitalized software assets reassessed as part of our restructuring activities and decreased amortization expense related to intangible assets of approximately $1.6 million as a result of intangible asset impairments in fourth quarter of fiscal 2023.

In conjunction with our strategic restructuring activities, we assessed and impaired the right-of-use assets of certain closed retail locations for which we anticipated the total remaining lease cost for the term to be greater than the anticipated sublease income, which resulted in an impairment loss of $0.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Operating expenses are comprised of store operations and other operational expenses, selling, general, and administrative, estimated credit losses, and depreciation and amortization.

Operating expenses were $19.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $21.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $2.2 million or 10.2%.

Store operating costs and other operational expenses, which consisted primarily of payroll, rent and utilities, and allocated corporate overhead costs, were $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of $1.8 million or 17.3%.

The decrease in store operating costs was primarily due to the 19 retail locations closed during 2024, including the 12 redundant or underperforming retail locations consolidated in conjunction with the restructuring plan.

This decrease was partially offset by the additional $0.8 million of restructuring costs incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2025 related to fixed asset disposals and lease contract terminations costs for previously closed retail locations.

Total corporate overhead, which is comprised of selling, general, and administrative expense, estimated credit losses, and depreciation and amortization expense, was $10.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $11.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Selling, general, and administrative costs decreased by $0.8 million or 10.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily as a result of decreased employee costs and professional fees.

This decrease in selling, general, and administrative expense was partially offset by a net $0.6 million increase in estimated credit losses in the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to a $0.3 million credit recovery settlement received in bankruptcy proceedings related to a note receivable in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) was $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

This decrease is primarily attributable to the $0.9 million gain recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to a prior acquisition indemnity holdback.

Other income remained relatively flat at approximately $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Information

The following non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Gross Profit, and Adjusted Gross Profit Margin are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

We believe these non-GAAP financial measures, when used in conjunction with their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, net income (loss), gross profit, and gross profit margin, provide meaningful supplemental information to both management and investors, facilitating the evaluation of performance across reporting periods, identify trends affecting our business, and project future performance.

The following non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not in accordance with, or an alternative for, generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

We believe these non-GAAP financial measures, when used in conjunction with their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, net income (loss), provide meaningful supplemental information to both management and investors, facilitating the evaluation of performance across reporting periods, identify trends affecting our business, and project future performance.

Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures for internal planning and reporting purposes, and we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures may be useful to investors in their assessment of our operating performance, our ability to generate cash, and valuation.

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Set forth below is a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net loss (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,

2024 2023 2024 2023

Three Months Ended March 31,

Net loss $ (9,377) $ (8,837)

(Benefit) provision for income taxes (43) — 50 93

Provision (benefit) for income taxes — (2)

Interest income (497) (602)

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Investment income 519 580

Impairment loss (1)

Restructuring plan

2,699 — 2,699 —

Consolidation and other charges (1)

567 781 2,375 2,300

Adjusted EBITDA $ (4,030) $ (2,871)

(1) Impairment loss related to the restructuring plan for operating lease right-of-use assets impairments

(2) Includes the $1.8 million incurred in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the restructuring plan as well as an estimated additional $0.9 million loss in gross profit due to inventory discounts offered in conjunction with the restructuring plan

(3) Consists primarily of expenditures related to the activity of store and distribution consolidation and one-time severances outside of the restructuring plan announced July 2024

Adjusted Gross Profit and Adjusted Gross Profit Margin

Adjusted Gross Profit and Adjusted Gross Profit Margin are non-GAAP financial measures commonly used in our industry and should not be construed in isolation as substitutions to gross profit or gross profit margin, defined as our gross profit as a percentage of net sales, as indicators of operating performance (each as determined in accordance with GAAP).

GrowGeneration calculates Adjusted Gross Profit as gross profit adjusted to exclude the effects related to the strategic restructuring plan, and Adjusted Gross Profit Margin is calculated as Adjusted Gross Profit as a percentage of net sales.

Set forth below is a reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Profit and Adjusted Gross Profit Margin to gross profit and gross profit margin (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,

2024 2023 2024 2023

Net sales $ 50,006 $ 55,678 $ 151,430 $ 176,430

Cost of sales 39,196 39,490 113,835 126,816

Gross profit $ 10,810 $ 16,188 $ 37,595 $ 49,614

Gross profit margin 21.6 % 29.1 % 24.8 % 28.1 %

Restructuring plan (1)

$ 1,903 $ — $ 1,903 $ —

Adjusted Gross Profit $ 12,713 $ 16,188 $ 39,498 $ 49,614

Adjusted Gross Margin 25.4 % 29.1 % 26.1 % 28.1 %

(1) Includes the $1.0 million incurred in Cost of sales within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations related to the restructuring plan as well as an estimated additional $0.9 million loss in gross profit due to inventory discounts offered in conjunction with the restructuring plan

(1) Consists primarily of expenditures related to the activity of store and distribution consolidation, one-time severances outside of the restructuring plan announced July 2024, and other non-core or non-recurring expenses

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of September 30, 2024, we had working capital of $98.0 million compared to working capital of $116.5 million as of December 31, 2023, a decrease of $18.5 million.

The decrease in working capital from December 31, 2023 to September 30, 2024 was due primarily to a net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as a result of net cash used in operating activities as well as reductions in inventory and common stock repurchases.

As of September 30, 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $55.2 million.

As of March 31, 2025, we had working capital of $84.2 million compared to working capital of $88.9 million as of December 31, 2024, a decrease of $4.7 million.

The decrease in working capital from December 31, 2024 to March 31, 2025 was due primarily to a net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as a result of net cash used in operating activities.

As of March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $52.6 million.

Currently, we are not aware of any extraordinary demands, commitments, or uncertainties that would materially reduce our current working capital.

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To date we have financed our operations through the issuance of common stock, convertible notes, and warrants, as well as cash generated from operations.

Share Repurchase Program

On March 20, 2024, the Board of Directors of GrowGeneration authorized a share repurchase program, whereby we could repurchase up to $6.0 million worth of our common stock in open market transactions pursuant to Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act and a 10b5-1 trading plan.

The program began on April 1, 2024.

This share repurchase program was intended to enhance long-term shareholder value.

The program did not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares or to acquire any shares over any specific period of time.

The timing and amount of any repurchases was dependent upon factors such as the stock price, trading volumes, market conditions, and regulatory requirements.

The stock repurchase program could be amended, suspended, or discontinued at any time by GrowGeneration.

Except for the our generally applicable insider trading policies, we do not maintain any policies or procedures relating to purchases and sales of its securities by our officers and directors during a repurchase program.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased 0.8 million shares of common stock for $1.8 million, an average price of $2.36 per share.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased 2.5 million shares of common stock for $6.0 million, an average price of $2.38 per share.

As of September 30, 2024, we had completed all purchases available under the stock repurchase program.

We retired 1.7 million and 2.5 million shares of common stock repurchased under the program in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

The following discussion sets forth the major sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

The following discussion sets forth the major sources and uses of cash for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Operating Activities

Net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $2.9 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The changes in operating cash were primarily driven by the increased net loss as previously discussed.

Net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $3.8 million compared to net cash used in operating activities of $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The changes in operating cash were primarily driven by changes in gross profit and operating expenses, excluding non-cash changes such as depreciation and amortization, as previously discussed in the Results of Operations section as well as changes in working capital.

Investing Activities

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $6.7 million compared to net cash used by investing activities of $11.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were primarily attributable to investment of excess cash into marketable securities of $41.9 million, offset by maturity of marketable securities of $50.3 million.

We also had purchases of property and equipment of $1.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were primarily attributable to investment of excess cash into marketable securities of $85.8 million, offset by maturity of marketable securities of $83.4 million, and purchases of property and equipment of $6.0 million, which was primarily related to the implementation and design of a new enterprise resource planning software system.

Net cash and cash equivalents provided by investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $9.2 million compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were primarily attributable to investment of excess cash into marketable securities of $7.2 million, offset by maturity of marketable securities of $16.6 million.

Investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were primarily attributable to investment of excess cash into marketable securities of $21.1 million, offset by maturity of marketable securities of $26.5 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $6.2 million, primarily attributable to common stock repurchased under our share repurchase program.

Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.2 million, related primarily to common stock withheld for employee payroll taxes.

Net cash and cash equivalents used in financing activities was $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to common stock withheld for employee payroll taxes.

Critical Accounting Policies, Judgements, and Estimates

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What changed 10-Q

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis