FRP HOLDINGS, INC. 10-Q

FRP Q1 24 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 _________________ FORM 10-Q _________________ (Mark One) [ X ] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024 or [_] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from_________ to _________ Commission File Number: 001-36769 _____________________ FRP HOLDINGS, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) _____________________ Florida 47-2449198 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 200 W. Forsyth St. , 7th Floor , Jacksonville , FL 32202 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) 904 - 396-5733 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $.10 par value FRPH NASDAQ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [x] No [_] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [x] No [_] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer [_] Accelerated filer [_] Non-accelerated filer [x] Smaller reporting company [x] Emerging growth company [_] If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [_] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [_] No [x] Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. Class Outstanding at May 13, 2024 Common Stock, $.10 par value per share 19,019,956 shares 1 FRP HOLDINGS, INC. FORM 10-Q QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 CONTENTS Page No. Preliminary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 3 Part I. Financial Information Item 1. Financial Statements Consolidated Balance Sheets 4 Consolidated Statements of Income 5 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 6 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 7 Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity 8 Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 9 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 18 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks 31 Item 4. Controls and Procedures 31 Part II. Other Information Item 1A. Risk Factors 32 Item 2. Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer 32 Item 6. Exhibits 32 Signatures 33 Exhibit 31 Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 35 Exhibit 32 Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 38 2 Preliminary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, together with other statements and information publicly disseminated by us, contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words or phrases “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “budget,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect management’s current views with respect to financial results related to future events and are based on assumptions and expectations that may not be realized and are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which cannot be predicted with accuracy and some of which might not even be anticipated. Future events and actual results, financial or otherwise, may differ, perhaps materially, from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Risk factors discussed in Item 1A of this Form 10-Q and other factors that might cause differences, some of which could be material, include, but are not limited to: the possibility that we may be unable to find appropriate investment opportunities; levels of construction activity in the markets served by our mining properties; demand for flexible warehouse/office facilities in the Baltimore-Washington-Northern Virginia area; demand for apartments in Washington D.C., and Greenville, South Carolina; our ability to obtain zoning and entitlements necessary for property development; the impact of lending and capital market conditions on our liquidity, our ability to finance projects or repay our debt; general real estate investment and development risks; vacancies in our properties; risks associated with developing and managing properties in partnership with others; competition; our ability to renew leases or re-lease spaces as leases expire; illiquidity of real estate investments; bankruptcy or defaults of tenants; the impact of restrictions imposed by our credit facility; the level and volatility of interest rates; environmental liabilities; inflation risks; cyber security risks; as well as other risks listed from time to time in our SEC filings, including but not limited to, our annual and quarterly reports. We have no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, other than as imposed by law, as a result of future events or new information. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Additional information regarding these and other risk factors may be found in the Company’s other filings made from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. 3 PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FRP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data) March 31 December 31 Assets: 2024 2023 Real estate investments at cost: Land $ 141,602 141,602 Buildings and improvements 282,780 282,631 Projects under construction 16,730 10,845 Total investments in properties 441,112 435,078 Less accumulated depreciation and depletion 70,241 67,758 Net investments in properties 370,871 367,320 Real estate held for investment, at cost 10,832 10,662 Investments in joint ventures 164,271 166,066 Net real estate investments 545,974 544,048 Cash and cash equivalents 152,484 157,555 Cash held in escrow 655 860 Accounts receivable, net 1,397 1,046 Federal and state income taxes receivable — 337 Unrealized rents 1,770 1,640 Deferred costs 2,798 3,091 Other assets 595 589 Total assets $ 705,673 709,166 Liabilities: Secured notes payable $ 178,742 178,705 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 3,829 8,333 Other liabilities 1,487 1,487 Federal and state income taxes payable 60 — Deferred revenue 920 925 Deferred income taxes 69,456 69,456 Deferred compensation 1,423 1,409 Tenant security deposits 885 875 Total liabilities 256,802 261,190 Commitments and contingencies — — Equity: Common stock, $ .10 par value 25,000,000 shares authorized, 19,000,600 and 18,968,448 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 1,900 1,897 Capital in excess of par value 67,023 66,706 Retained earnings 347,183 345,882 Accumulated other comprehensive income, net 27 35 Total shareholders’ equity 416,133 414,520 Noncontrolling interest 32,738 33,456 Total equity 448,871 447,976 Total liabilities and equity $ 705,673 709,166 See accompanying notes. 4 FRP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (In thousands except per share amounts) (Unaudited) THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 2023 Revenues: Lease revenue $ 7,170 6,832 Mining royalty and rents 2,963 3,282 Total revenues 10,133 10,114 Cost of operations: Depreciation, depletion and amortization 2,535 2,780 Operating expenses 1,867 1,740 Property taxes 807 947 General and administrative 2,042 1,793 Total cost of operations 7,251 7,260 Total operating profit 2,882 2,854 Net investment income 2,783 2,382 Interest expense ( 911 ) ( 1,006 ) Equity in loss of joint ventures ( 3,019 ) ( 3,625 ) Gain on sale of real estate — 10 Income before income taxes 1,735 615 Provision for income taxes 400 209 Net income 1,335 406 Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 34 ( 159 ) Net income attributable to the Company $ 1,301 565 Earnings per common share (1) : Net income attributable to the Company- Basic $ 0.07 0.03 Diluted $ 0.07 0.03 Number of shares (in thousands) used in computing (1) : -basic earnings per common share 18,859 18,832 -diluted earnings per common share 18,944 18,912 (1) Adjusted for the 2 for 1 stock split that occurred in April 2024 See accompanying notes. 5 FRP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In thousands except per share amounts) (Unaudited) THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 2023 Net income $ 1,335 406 Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax: Unrealized gain on investments, net of income tax effect of $ 0 and $ 139 — 374 Minimum pension liability, net of income tax effect of $ 3 and $ 0 ( 8 ) — Comprehensive income $ 1,327 780 Less comp. income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 34 ( 159 ) Comprehensive income attributable to the Company $ 1,293 939 See accompanying notes 6 FRP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023 (In thousands) (Unaudited) 2024 2023 Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 1,335 406 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by continuing operating activities: Depreciation, depletion and amortization 2,596 2,842 Deferred income taxes — 53 Equity in loss of joint ventures 3,019 3,625 Gain on sale of equipment and property — ( 17 ) Stock-based compensation 320 324 Net changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable ( 351 ) ( 167 ) Deferred costs and other assets 75 170 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities ( 4,509 ) ( 2,860 ) Income taxes payable and receivable 397 295 Other long-term liabilities 24 16 Net cash provided by operating activities 2,906 4,687 Cash flows from investing activities: Investments in properties ( 6,205 ) ( 1,206 ) Investments in joint ventures ( 7,771 ) ( 12,766 ) Return of capital from investments in joint ventures 6,546 4,988 Proceeds from sales of investments available for sale — — Proceeds from the sale of assets — 17 Cash held in escrow 205 212 Net cash used in investing activities ( 7,225 ) ( 8,755 ) Cash flows from financing activities: Distribution to noncontrolling interest ( 752 ) ( 933 ) Exercise of employee stock options — 803 Net cash used in financing activities ( 752 ) ( 130 ) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents ( 5,071 ) ( 4,198 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 157,555 177,497 Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period $ 152,484 173,299 Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the period for: Interest $ 903 $ 1,004 Income taxes — — See accompanying notes. 7 FRP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023 (In thousands, except share amounts) (Unaudited) Accumulated Other Comp- Total Capital in rehensive Share Non- Common Stock Excess of Retained Income holders’ Controlling Total Shares Amount Par Value Earnings (loss), net Equity Interest Equity Balance at January 1, 2024 18,968,448 $ 1,897 $ 66,706 $ 345,882 $ 35 $ 414,520 $ 33,456 $ 447,976 Stock option grant compensation — — 19 — — 19 — 19 Restricted stock compensation — — 301 — — 301 — 301 Restricted stock award 32,152 3 ( 3 ) — — — — — Net income — — — 1,301 — 1,301 34 1,335 Distributions to partners — — — — — — ( 752 ) ( 752 ) Minimum pension liability,net — — — — ( 8 ) ( 8 ) — ( 8 ) Balance at March 31, 2024 19,000,600 $ 1,900 $ 67,023 $ 347,183 $ 27 $ 416,133 $ 32,738 $ 448,871 Balance at January 1, 2023 18,919,372 $ 1,892 $ 64,212 $ 342,317 $ ( 1,276 ) $ 407,145 $ 37,066 $ 444,211 Exercise of stock options 35,470 4 799 — — 803 — 803 Stock option grant compensation — — 17 — — 17 — 17 Restricted stock compensation — — 257 — — 257 — 257 Shares granted to Employees 1,856 — 50 — — 50 — 50 Restricted stock award 50,568 4 ( 4 ) — — — — — Net income — — — 565 — 565 ( 159 ) 406 Distributions to partners — — — — — — ( 933 ) ( 933 ) Unrealized loss on investment, net — — — — 374 374 — 374 Balance at March 31, 2023 19,007,266 $ 1,900 $ 65,331 $ 342,882 $ ( 902 ) $ 409,211 $ 35,974 $ 445,185 8 FRP HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS MARCH 31, 2024 (Unaudited) (1) Description of Business and Basis of Presentation . FRP Holdings, Inc. is a holding company engaged in the real estate business, namely (i) leasing and management of commercial properties owned by the Company, (ii) leasing and management of mining royalty land owned by the Company, (iii) real property acquisition, entitlement, development and construction primarily for apartment, retail, warehouse, and office, (iv) leasing and management of residential apartment buildings. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FRP Holdings, Inc. (the “Company” or “FRP”) inclusive of our operating real estate subsidiaries, FRP Development Corp. (“Development”), Florida Rock Properties, Inc. (“Properties”), Riverfront Investment Partners I, LLC, and Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC. Our investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting are detailed in Note 11. Our ownership of Riverfront Investment Partners I, LLC and Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC includes a non-controlling interest representing the ownership of our partner. These statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (primarily consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and the information included under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. During the 4th quarter of 2023, the Company renamed two of its reportable segments in order to clearly define projects within those segments. The Asset Management segment was renamed the Industrial and Commercial segment and the Stabilized Joint Venture segment was renamed the Multifamily Segment. There was no impact on consolidated total revenues, total cost of operations, operating profit, net earnings per share, or segment operating results as a result of these changes. On April 12, 2024, the Company effected a 2-for-1 forward split of its common stock in the nature of a dividend. All share and per share information, including share-based compensation, throughout this report have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split. The shares of common stock retain a par value of $ 0.10 per share. Accordingly, an amount equal to the par value of the increased shares resulting from the stock split was reclassified from capital in excess of par value to common stock. (2) Recently Issued Accounting Standards . In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016 - 13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses," which introduced new guidance for an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. This standard was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2023. There was no impact on our financial statements at adoption. (3) Business Segments . The Company is reporting its financial performance based on four reportable segments, Industrial and Commercial (previously named Asset Management), Mining Royalty Lands, Development, and Multifamily (previously named Stabilized Joint Venture), as described below. 9 The Industrial and Commercial Segment owns, leases and manages in-service commercial properties. Currently this includes nine warehouses in two business parks, an office building partially occupied by the Company, and two ground leases all wholly owned by the Company. This segment will also include joint ventures of commercial properties when they are stabilized. Our Mining Royalty Lands Segment owns several properties totaling approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties (this does not include the 4,280 acres owned in our Brooksville joint venture with Vulcan Materials). Other than one location in Virginia, all of these properties are located in Florida and Georgia. Through our Development Segment, we own and are continuously assessing the highest and best use of several parcels of land that are in various stages of development. Our overall strategy in this segment is to convert all of our non-income producing lands into income production through (i) an orderly process of constructing new buildings for us to own and operate or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, third parties. Additionally, our Development segment will form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company. The Multifamily Segment includes joint ventures which own, lease and manage apartment projects that have met our initial lease-up criteria. Two of our joint ventures in the segment, Riverfront Investment Partners I, LLC (“Dock 79”) and Riverfront Investment Partners II, LLC (“The Maren”) are consolidated. The ownership of Dock 79 and The Maren attributable to our partners are reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as a noncontrolling interest. Such noncontrolling interests are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within equity but separately from shareholders' equity. On the Consolidated Statements of Income, all of the revenues and expenses from Dock 79 and The Maren are reported in net income, including both the amounts attributable to the Company and the noncontrolling interest. The amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest is clearly identified on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Operating results and certain other financial data for the Company’s Business segments are as follows (in thousands): Three Months ended March 31, 2024 2023 Revenues: Revenues Industrial and commercial $ 1,453 1,070 Revenues Mining royalty lands 2,963 3,282 Revenues Development 303 486 Revenues Multifamily 5,414 5,276 Revenues 10,133 10,114 Operating profit (loss): Before corporate expenses: Operating profit before corporate expenses Industrial and commercial $ 812 591 Operating profit before corporate expenses Mining royalty lands 2,724 3,013 Operating profit before corporate expenses Development ( 60 ) 50 Operating profit before corporate expenses Multifamily 1,448 993 Operating profit before corporate expenses Operating profit before G&A 4,924 4,647 General and administrative expenses: General and administrative expenses Allocated to Industrial and commercial ( 250 ) ( 296 ) General and administrative expenses Allocated to mining royalty lands ( 278 ) ( 223 ) General and administrative expenses Allocated to development ( 1,278 ) ( 1,085 ) General and administrative expenses Allocated to Multifamily ( 236 ) ( 189 ) General and administrative expenses Total general and administrative expenses ( 2,042 ) ( 1,793 ) Operating profit $ 2,882 2,854 Interest expense Interest expense $ 911 1,006 10 Depreciation, depletion and amortization: Depreciation, depletion and amortization Industrial and commercial $ 363 278 Depreciation, depletion and amortization Mining royalty lands 149 183 Depreciation, depletion and amortization Development 42 55 Depreciation, depletion and amortization Multifamily 1,981 2,264 Depreciation, depletion and amortization $ 2,535 2,780 Capital expenditures: Capital expenditures Industrial and commercial $ 145 480 Capital expenditures Mining royalty lands 20 — Capital expenditures Development 5,954 594 Capital expenditures Multifamily 86 132 Capital expenditures $ 6,205 1,206 Identifiable net assets March 31, December 31, Identifiable net assets 2024 2023 Assets Industrial and commercial $ 38,490 38,784 Assets Mining royalty lands 48,281 48,072 Assets Development 142,908 212,384 Assets Multifamily 321,613 249,750 Cash Cash items 153,139 158,415 Assets Unallocated corporate assets 1,242 1,761 Assets $ 705,673 709,166 (4) Related Party Transactions . The Company was a party to an Administrative Services Agreement which resulted from our January 30, 2015 spin-off of Patriot Transportation Holding, Inc. (Patriot). The Administrative Services Agreement set forth the terms on which Patriot provided FRP certain services that were shared prior to the Spin-off, including the services of certain shared executive officers. The boards of the respective companies amended and extended this agreement for one year effective April 1, 2023. Patriot was purchased by an unaffiliated company in December 2023 resulting in FRP and Patriot no longer being related parties. The previously shared executive officers became FRP employees as of 2024. The consolidated statements of income reflect charges and/or allocation from Patriot for these services of $ 225,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. These charges are reflected as part of general and administrative expense. To determine these allocations between FRP and Patriot as set forth in the Administrative Services Agreement, we employ an allocation method to allocate said expenses and thus we believe that the allocations to FRP are a reasonable approximation of the costs related to FRP’s operations, but any such related-party transactions cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis. (5) Long-Term Debt . The Company’s Outstanding debt , net of unamortized debt issuance costs, consisted of the following (in thousands): March 31, December 31, 2024 2023 Fixed rate mortgage loans, 3.03 % interest only, matures 4/1/2033 $ 180,070 180,070 Unamortized debt issuance costs ( 1,328 ) ( 1,365 ) Credit agreement — — Long term debt $ 178,742 178,705 11 On December 22, 2023, the Company entered into a 2023 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”), effective December 22, 2023. The Credit Agreement modifies the Company’s prior Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo dated January 30, 2015. The Credit Agreement establishes a three -year revolving credit facility with a maximum facility amount of $ 35 million . The interest rate under the Credit Agreement will be 2.25 % over the Daily Simple SOFR in effect. A commitment fee of 0.35 % per annum is payable quarterly on the unused portion of the commitment. As of March 31, 2024, there was no debt outstanding on this revolver, $ 898,000 outstanding under letters of credit and $ 34,102,000 available for borrowing. The letters of credit were issued to guarantee certain obligations to state agencies related to real estate development. Most of the letters of credit are irrevocable for a period of one year and typically are automatically extended for additional one-year periods. The letter of credit fee is 2.25 % and applicable interest rate would have been 7.57 % on March 31, 2024. The credit agreement contains affirmative financial covenants and negative covenants, including a minimum tangible net worth. As of March 31, 2024, these covenants would have limited our ability to pay dividends to a maximum of $ 96.9 million combined. On March 19, 2021, the Company refinanced Dock 79 and The Maren pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into with Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $ 92,070,000 and $ 88,000,000 respectively, in connection with the refinancing. The loans are separately secured by the Dock 79 and The Maren real property and improvements, bear a fixed interest rate of 3.03 % per annum, and require monthly payments of interest only with the principal due in full April 1, 2033. Either loan may be prepaid subsequent to April 1, 2024, subject to yield maintenance premiums. Either loan may be transferred to a qualified buyer as part of a one-time sale subject to a 60% loan to value, minimum of 7.5% debt yield and a 0.75% transfer fee . Debt cost amortization of $ 45,000 and $ 37,000 was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 the Company capitalized interest costs of $ 533,000 and $ 406,000 , respectively. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants as of March 31, 2024. (6) Earnings per Share . The following details the computations of the Basic and diluted earnings per common share as adjusted for the 2 for 1 stock split that occurred in April 2024 (in thousands, except per share amounts): Three Months ended March 31, 2024 2023 Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period – shares used for basic earnings per common share 18,859 18,832 Common shares issuable under share-based payment plans which are potentially dilutive 85 80 Common shares used for diluted earnings per common share 18,944 18,912 Net income attributable to the Company $ 1,301 565 Earnings per common share: -basic $ .07 .03 -diluted $ .07 .03 12 For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any outstanding anti-dilutive stock options. (7) Stock-Based Compensation Plans . The Company has two Stock Option Plans (the 2006 Stock Incentive Plan and the 2016 Equity Incentive Option Plan) under which options for shares of common stock were granted to directors, officers and key employees. The 2016 plan permits the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, or stock awards. The options awarded under the plans have similar characteristics. All stock options are non-qualified and expire ten years from the date of grant. Stock based compensation awarded to directors, officers and employees are exercisable immediately or become exercisable in cumulative installments of 20% or 25% at the end of each year following the date of grant . When stock options are exercised, the Company issues new shares after receipt of exercise proceeds and taxes due, if any, from the grantee. The number of common shares available for future issuance was 619,508 at March 31, 2024. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes valuation model for estimating fair value of stock compensation for options awarded to officers and employees. Each grant is evaluated based upon assumptions at the time of grant. The assumptions were no dividend yield, expected volatility between 28.5 % and 41.2 %, risk-free interest rate of 2.0 % to 3.8 % and expected life of 5.0 to 7.0 years. The dividend yield of zero is based on the fact that the Company does not pay cash dividends and has no present intention to pay cash dividends. Expected volatility is estimated based on the Company’s historical experience over a period equivalent to the expected life in years. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury constant maturity interest rate at the date of grant with a term consistent with the expected life of the options granted. The expected life calculation is based on the observed and expected time to exercise options by the employees. The Company recorded the following Stock compensation expense in its consolidated statements of income (in thousands): Three Months ended March 31, 2024 2023 Stock option grants $ 19 17 Restricted stock awards 301 257 Employee stock grant — 50 Stock compensation $ 320 324 A Summary of changes in outstanding options is presented below (in thousands, except share and per share amounts): Weighted Weighted Weighted Number Average Average Average Of Exercise Remaining Grant Date Options Shares Price Term (yrs) Fair Value(000's) Outstanding at January 1, 2024 126,880 $ 20.00 3.5 $ 981 Time-based awards granted 12,200 31.44 150 Performance-based awards granted 20,330 31.44 250 Outstanding at March 31, 2024 159,410 $ 22.33 4.5 $ 1,381 Exercisable at March 31, 2024 126,880 $ 20.00 3.2 $ 981 Vested during three months ended March 31, 2024 — $ — 13 The aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable in-the-money options was $ 1,358,000 and the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding in-the-money options was $ 1,358,000 based on the market closing price of $ 61.40 on March 28, 2024 less exercise prices. The unrecognized compensation cost of options granted to FRP employees but not yet vested as of March 31, 2024 was $ 331,000 , which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.3 years. A Summary of changes in restricted stock awards is presented below (in thousands, except share and per share amounts): Weighted Weighted Weighted Number Average Average Average Of Exercise Remaining Grant Date Restricted stock Shares Price Term (yrs) Fair Value(000's) Non-vested at January 1, 2024 109,454 $ 26.47 2.8 $ 2,897 Time-based awards granted 15,904 31.44 500 Performance-based awards granted 16,248 31.44 503 Vested ( 8,684 ) 29.16 ( 253 ) Non-vested at March 31, 2024 132,922 $ 27.44 2.9 $ 3,647 Total unrecognized compensation cost of restricted stock granted but not yet vested as of March 31, 2024 was $ 2,970,000 which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years . (8) Contingent Liabilities . The Company may be involved in litigation on a number of matters and is subject to certain claims which arise in the normal course of business. The Company has retained certain self-insurance risks with respect to losses for third party liability and property damage. In the opinion of management, none of these matters are expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company is subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations. The Company believes that the ultimate disposition of currently known environmental matters will not have a material effect on its financial position, liquidity, or operations. The Company can give no assurance that previous environmental studies with respect to its properties have revealed all potential environmental contaminants; that any previous owner, occupant or tenant did not create any material environmental condition not known to the Company; that the current environmental condition of the properties will not be affected by tenants and occupants, by the condition of nearby properties, or by unrelated third parties; and that changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations or their interpretation will not result in additional environmental liability to the Company. As of March 31, 2024, there was $ 898,000 outstanding under letters of credit. The letters of credit were issued to guarantee certain obligations to state agencies related to real estate development. The Company and MidAtlantic Realty Partners (MRP) provided a guaranty for the interest carry cost of $ 110 million loan on the Bryant Street Partnerships issued in December 2023. The Company and MRP have a side agreement limiting the Company’s guarantee to its proportionate ownership. The value of the guarantee was calculated at $ 1.5 million based on the present value of our assumption of 0.8 % interest savings over the anticipated 36 -month term. This amount is included as part of the Company’s investment basis and is amortized to expense over the 36 months. The Company will evaluate the guarantee liability based upon the success of the project and assuming no payments are made under the guarantee, the Company will have a gain for $ 1.5 million when the loan is paid in full. (9) Concentrations . The mining royalty lands segment has a total of five tenants currently leasing mining locations and one lessee that accounted for 21.9 % of the Company’s consolidated revenues during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 14 $ 403,000 of accounts receivable at March 31, 2024. The termination of these lessees’ underlying leases could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with Wells Fargo Bank, TD Bank, and First Horizon Bank. At times, such amounts may exceed FDIC limits. (10) Fair Value Measurements . Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 means the use of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 means the use of values that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 means the use of inputs are those that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. At March 31, 2024, the Company was invested in U.S. Treasury notes valued at $ 141,603,000 maturing in 2024. The unrealized loss on these investments of $ 150 was recorded as part of comprehensive income and based on the estimated market value by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Level 1). At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the carrying amount reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents including U.S. Treasury notes was adjusted to fair value as described above. The fair values of the Company’s other mortgage notes payable were estimated based on current rates available to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities. At March 31, 2024, the carrying amount and fair value of such other long-term debt was $ 180,070,000 and $ 141,394,000 , respectively. At December 31, 2023, the carrying amount and fair value of such other long-term debt was $ 180,070,000 and $ 145,678,000 , respectively. (11) Investments in Joint Ventures . The Company has investments in joint ventures, primarily with other real estate developers. Joint ventures where FRP is not the primary beneficiary are reflected in the line “Investment in joint ventures” on the balance sheet and “Equity in loss of joint ventures” on the income statement. The assets of these joint ventures are restricted to use by the joint ventures and their obligations can only be settled by their assets or additional contributions by the partners. The following table summarizes the Company’s Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands): The Company's Share of Profit Common Total Total Assets of Profit (Loss) (Loss) of the Ownership Investment The Partnership Of the Partnership Partnership As of March 31, 2024 Brooksville Quarry, LLC 50.00 % $ 7,539 14,436 ( 24 ) ( 12 ) BC FRP Realty, LLC 50.00 % 5,812 22,650 ( 72 ) ( 36 ) Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC 50.00 % 2,391 4,782 — — Bryant Street Partnerships 72.10 % 70,017 201,819 ( 2,311 ) ( 1,700 ) Lending ventures 30,171 19,431 — — BBX Partnerships 50.00 % 1,628 3,256 — — Estero Partnership 16.00 % 3,627 38,529 — — The Verge Partnership 61.37 % 36,715 128,640 ( 1,593 ) ( 978 ) Greenville Partnerships 40.00 % 6,371 99,647 ( 733 ) ( 293 ) Total $ 164,271 533,190 ( 4,733 ) ( 3,019 ) The Company completed negotiations with MRP concerning the ownership adjustment related to the Bryant Street stabilization and conversion of FRP preferred equity to common equity resulting in FRP ownership of 72.10 % effective in 2024 compared to 61.36 % prior ownership. 15 The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity of the Company’s Investments in Joint Ventures as of March 31, 2024 are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands): Investments in Multifamily Joint Ventures as of March 31, 2024 As of March 31, 2024 Buzzard Point Bryant Street Estero Verge Greenville Multifamily Sponsor, LLC Partnership Partnership Partnership Partnership JV’s Investments in real estate, net $ 0 188,761 36,212 127,064 97,508 $ 449,545 Cash and restricted cash 0 6,060 2,317 940 1,890 11,207 Unrealized rents & receivables 0 6,428 0 390 119 6,937 Deferred costs 4,782 570 0 246 130 5,728 Total Assets $ 4,782 201,819 38,529 128,640 99,647 $ 473,417 Secured notes payable $ 0 110,333 16,000 71,332 81,619 $ 279,284 Other liabilities 0 1,490 0 1,082 1,108 3,680 Capital – FRP 2,391 68,009 3,600 34,441 5,418 113,859 Capital – Third Parties 2,391 21,987 18,929 21,785 11,502 76,594 Total Liabilities and Capital $ 4,782 201,819 38,529 128,640 99,647 $ 473,417 Investments in Joint Ventures as of March 31, 2024 As of March 31, 2024 BBX Brooksville BC FRP Lending Multifamily Grand Partnerships Quarry, LLC Realty, LLC Ventures JV’s Total Investments in real estate, net $ 3,256 14,357 21,761 19,431 449,545 $ 508,350 Cash and restricted cash 0 72 193 0 11,207 11,472 Unrealized rents & receivables 0 0 448 0 6,937 7,385 Deferred costs 0 7 248 0 5,728 5,983 Total Assets $ 3,256 14,436 22,650 19,431 473,417 $ 533,190 Secured notes payable $ 0 0 10,782 ( 10,740 ) 279,284 $ 279,326 Other liabilities 0 22 356 0 3,680 4,058 Capital – FRP 1,628 7,539 5,756 30,171 113,859 158,953 Capital – Third Parties 1,628 6,875 5,756 0 76,594 90,853 Total Liabilities and Capital $ 3,256 14,436 22,650 19,431 473,417 $ 533,190 The Company’s capital recorded by the unconsolidated Joint Ventures is $ 5,318,000 less than the Investment in Joint Ventures reported in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet due primarily to capitalized interest. The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity of the Company’s Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2023 are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands): Investments in Multifamily Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2023 As of December 31, 2023 Buzzard Point Bryant Street Estero Verge Greenville Multifamily Sponsor, LLC Partnership Partnership Partnership Partnership JV’s Investments in real estate, net $ 0 187,616 35,576 128,154 95,911 $ 447,257 Cash and restricted cash 0 7,543 3,076 1,323 2,000 13,942 Unrealized rents & receivables 0 6,737 0 403 127 7,267 Deferred costs 4,652 738 0 293 185 5,868 Total Assets $ 4,652 202,634 38,652 130,173 98,223 $ 474,334 Secured notes payable $ 0 107,084 16,000 72,691 66,434 $ 262,209 Other liabilities 0 3,129 0 1,344 3,867 8,340 Capital – FRP 2,326 69,779 3,600 34,391 10,450 120,546 Capital – Third Parties 2,326 22,642 19,052 21,747 17,472 83,239 Total Liabilities and Capital $ 4,652 202,634 38,652 130,173 98,223 $ 474,334 16 Investments in Joint Ventures as of December 31, 2023 As of December 31, 2023 Brooksville BC FRP Lending Multifamily Grand Quarry, LLC Realty, LLC Ventures JV’s Total Investments in real estate, net $ 14,358 21,503 17,117 447,257 $ 500,235 Cash and restricted cash 80 127 0 13,942 14,149 Unrealized rents & receivables 0 464 0 7,267 7,731 Deferred costs 1 360 0 5,868 6,229 Total Assets $ 14,439 22,454 17,117 474,334 $ 528,344 Secured notes payable $ 0 12,086 ( 10,578 ) 262,209 $ 263,717 Other liabilities 0 402 0 8,340 8,742 Capital – FRP 7,552 4,983 27,695 120,546 160,776 Capital - Third Parties 6,887 4,983 0 83,239 95,109 Total Liabilities and Capital $ 14,439 22,454 17,117 474,334 $ 528,344 The amount of consolidated retained earnings (accumulated deficit) for these joint ventures was $(24,133,000) and $(21,823,000) as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The income statements of the Bryant Street Partnerships are as follows (in thousands): Bryant Street Bryant Street Bryant Street Bryant Street Partnerships Partnerships Partnerships Partnerships Total JV Total JV Company Share Company Share Three Months ended Three Months ended Three Months ended Three Months ended March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues: Rental Revenue $ 3,303 $ 3,078 $ 2,382 $ 1,889 Revenue – other 534 512 385 314 Total Revenues 3,837 3,590 2,767 2,203 Cost of operations: Depreciation and amortization 1,685 1,621 1,215 995 Operating expenses 1,455 1,378 1,032 845 Property taxes 363 132 279 81 Total cost of operations 3,503 3,131 2,526 1,921 Total operating profit/(loss) 334 459 241 282 Interest expense ( 2,645 ) ( 2,754 ) ( 1,941 ) ( 1,788 ) Net loss before tax $ ( 2,311 ) $ ( 2,295 ) $ ( 1,700 ) $ ( 1,506 ) The income statements of the Greenville Partnerships are as follows (in thousands): 17 Greenville Greenville Greenville Greenville Partnerships Partnerships Partnerships Partnerships Total JV Total JV Company Share Company Share Three Months ended Three Months ended Three Months ended Three Months ended March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues: Rental Revenue $ 2,256 $ 1,167 $ 902 $ 467 Revenue – other 110 90 44 36 Total Revenues 2,366 1,257 946 503 Cost of operations: Depreciation and amortization 868 676 347 270 Operating expenses 624 526 249 211 Property taxes 454 234 182 94 Total cost of operations 1,946 1,436 778 575 Total operating profit/(loss) 420 ( 179 ) 168 ( 72 ) Interest expense ( 1,153 ) ( 678 ) ( 461 ) ( 271 ) Net loss before tax $ ( 733 ) $ ( 857 ) $ ( 293 ) $ ( 343 ) The income statements of The Verge Partnership are as follows (in thousands): The Verge The Verge The Verge The Verge Partnership Partnership Partnership Partnership Total JV Total JV Company Share Company Share Three Months ended Three Months ended Three Months ended Three Months ended March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues: Rental Revenue $ 1,705 $ 250 $ 1,046 $ 154 Revenue – other 283 30 174 18 Total Revenues 1,988 280 1,220 172 Cost of operations: Depreciation and amortization 1,043 1,021 640 627 Operating expenses 839 679 515 417 Property taxes 264 276 162 169 Total cost of operations 2,146 1,976 1,317 1,213 Total operating profit/(loss) ( 158 ) ( 1,696 ) ( 97 ) ( 1,041 ) Interest expense ( 1,435 ) ( 1,031 ) ( 881 ) ( 632 ) Net loss before tax $ ( 1,593 ) $ ( 2,727 ) $ ( 978 ) $ ( 1,673 ) ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 1 and with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our annual report on Form 10-K. The statements in this discussion regarding industry outlook, our expectations regarding our future performance, liquidity and capital resources and other non-historical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties described in 18 “Forward-Looking Statements” below and “Risk Factors” on page 5 of our annual report on Form 10-K. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to revise or publicly release any revision to any forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, unless required by law. The following discussion includes a non-GAAP financial measure within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission to supplement the financial results as reported in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP financial measure discussed is pro-rata net operating income (NOI). The Company uses this metric to analyze its continuing operations and to monitor, assess, and identify meaningful trends in its operating and financial performance. This measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP financial measures. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measure” below in this quarterly report for a more detailed discussion, including reconciliations of this non-GAAP financial measure to its most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Executive Overview - FRP Holdings, Inc. is a real estate development, asset management and operating company businesses. Our properties are located in the Mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States and consist of: Residential apartments in Washington, D.C. and Greenville, SC; Warehouse or office properties in Maryland or Florida either existing or under development; Mining royalty lands, some of which will have second lives as development properties; Mixed use properties under development in Washington, D.C., Greenville, SC or Florida; and Properties held for sale. We believe our present capital structure, liquidity and land provide us with years of opportunities to increase recurring revenue and long-term value for our shareholders. We intend to focus on our core business activity of real estate development, asset management and operations. We are developing a broad range of asset types that we believe will provide acceptable rates of return, grow recurring revenues and support future business. Capital commitments will be funded with cash proceeds from completed projects, existing cash, owned-land, partner capital and financing arrangements. We do not anticipate immediate benefits from investments. Timing of projects may be subject to delays caused by factors beyond our control. Reportable Segments We conduct primarily all of our business in the following four reportable segments: (1) multifamily (2) industrial and commercial (3) mining royalty lands and (4) development. Multifamily Segment. At quarter end, the segment included five stabilized joint ventures which own and manage apartment buildings and the retail associated with each development. These assets create revenue and cash flows through tenant rental payments, and reimbursements for building operating costs. The Company’s residential units typically lease for 12 – 15-month lease terms. 90 days prior to the expiration, as long as there is no balance due, the tenant is offered a renewal. If no notice to move out or renew is made, then the leases go month-to-month until notification of termination or renewal is received. Renewal terms are typically 9 – 12 months. The Company also leases retail spaces at apartment/mixed-use properties. The retail leases are typically 10 -15-year leases with options to renew for another 5 years. Retail leases at these properties also include percentage rents which average 3-6% of annual sales for the tenant that exceed a breakpoint stipulated by each individual lease. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis. The major cash outlays incurred in this segment are for property taxes, full service maintenance, property management, utilities and marketing. The five multifamily properties are as follows: 19 Property and Occupancy JV Partner Method of Accounting % Ownership Dock 79, Washington, D.C., 305 apartment units and 14,430 square feet of retail MRP Realty Consolidated 52.8% The Maren, Washington, D.C., 264 residential units and 6,811 square feet of retail MRP Realty Consolidated 56.33% Riverside, Greenville, SC, 200 apartment units Woodfield Development Equity Method 40% Bryant Street, Washington D. C., 487 apartment units and 91,607 square feet of retail MRP Realty Equity Method 72.10% .408 Jackson, Greenville, SC, 227 apartment units and 4,539 square feet of retail. Woodfield Development Equity Method 40% Industrial and Commercial Segment. The Industrial and Commercial segment owns, leases and manages commercial properties. These assets create revenue and cash flows through tenant rental payments, lease management fees and reimbursements for building operating costs. The Company’s industrial warehouses typically lease for terms ranging from 3 – 10 years often with one or two renewal options. All base rent revenue is recognized on a straight-lined basis. All of the commercial warehouse leases are triple net leases. Common area maintenance costs (CAM Revenue) are billed monthly, and insurance and real estate taxes are billed annually. 34 Loveton is the only office product wherein all leases are full service therefore there is no CAM revenue. Office leases are also recognized on a straight-lined basis. The major cash outlays incurred in this segment are for operating expenses, real estate taxes, building repairs, lease commissions and other lease closing costs, construction of tenant improvements, capital to acquire existing operating buildings and closing costs related thereto and personnel costs of our property management team. As of March 31, 2024, the Industrial and Commercial Segment includes nine buildings at four commercial properties owned by the Company in fee simple as follows: 1) 34 Loveton Circle in suburban Baltimore County, MD consists of one office building totaling 33,708 square feet which is 90.8% occupied (16% of the space is occupied by the Company for use as our Baltimore headquarters). The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants. 2) 155 E. 21 st Street in Duval County, FL was an office building property that remains under lease through March 2026. We permitted the tenant to demolish all structures on the property during 2018. 3) Cranberry Run Business Park in Harford County, MD consists of five industrial buildings totaling 267,737 square feet which are 92.1% occupied and 92.1% leased. The property is subject to commercial leases with various tenants. 4) Hollander 95 Business Park in Baltimore City, MD consists of three industrial buildings totaling 247,340 square feet and two ground leases that are 100.0% leased and 100.0% occupied. Management focuses on several factors to measure our success on a comparative basis in this segment. The major factors we focus on are (1) net operating income growth, (2) growth in occupancy, (3) average annual occupancy rate (defined as the occupied square feet at the end of each month during a fiscal year divided by the number of months to date in that fiscal year as a percentage of the average number of square feet in the portfolio over that same time period), (4) tenant retention success rate (as a percentage of total square feet to be renewed), (5) building and refurbishing assets to meet Class A and Class B institutional grade classifications, and (6) reducing complexities and deferred capital expenditures to maximize sale price. 20 Mining Royalty Lands Segment. Our Mining Royalty Lands segment owns several properties totaling approximately 16,650 acres currently under lease for mining rents or royalties (excluding the 4,280 acres owned by our Brooksville joint venture with Vulcan Materials). Other than one location in Virginia, all of these properties are located in Florida and Georgia. The Company leases land under long-term leases that grant the lessee the right to mine and sell sand and stone deposits from our property in exchange for royalty payments. A typical lease has an option to extend the lease for additional terms. The typical lease in this segment requires the tenant to pay us a royalty based on the number of tons of mined materials sold from our property during a given fiscal year multiplied by a percentage of the average annual sales price per ton sold. As a result of this royalty payment structure, we do not bear the cost risks associated with the mining operations, however, we are subject to the cyclical nature of the construction markets in these states as both volumes and prices tend to fluctuate through those cycles. In certain locations, typically where the sand and stone deposits on our property have been depleted but the tenant still has a need for the leased land, we collect a minimum annual rental amount. We believe strongly in the potential for future growth in construction in Florida, Georgia, and Virginia which would positively benefit our profitability in this segment. The major expenses in this segment are comprised of collection and accounting for royalties, management’s oversight of the mining leases, land entitlement for post-mining uses and property taxes at our non-leased locations and at our Grandin location which, unlike our other leased mining locations, are not entirely paid by the tenant. As such, our costs in this business are very low as a percentage of revenue, are relatively stable and are not affected by increases in production at our locations. Our current mining tenants include Vulcan Materials, Martin Marietta, Cemex, Argos and The Concrete Company. Additionally, these locations provide us with opportunities for valuable “second lives” for these assets through proper land planning and entitlement. Significant “Second life” Mining Lands: Location Acreage Status Brooksville, FL 4,280 +/- Development of Regional Impact and County Land Use and Master Zoning in place for 5,800 residential unit, mixed-use development Ft. Myers, FL 1,907 +/- Seeking to rezone and obtain entitlements to allow residential development following mining operations and the extension of Alico Road Total 6,187 +/- Development Segment. Through our Development segment, we own and are continuously monitoring for “the highest and best use” of several parcels of land that are in various stages of development. Our overall strategy in this segment is to convert all our non-income producing lands into income production through (i) an orderly process of constructing new commercial and residential buildings for us to own and operate or (ii) a sale to, or joint venture with, outside parties. Additionally, our Development segment will purchase or form joint ventures on new developments of land not previously owned by the Company. Revenues in this segment are generated predominately from land sales and interim property rents. The significant cash outlays incurred in this segment are for land acquisition costs, entitlement costs, property taxes, design and permitting, the personnel costs of our in-house management team and horizontal and vertical construction costs. Development Segment – Warehouse/Office Land. At March 31, 2024, this segment owned the following future development parcels: 21 1) 54 acres of land that will be capable of supporting up to 650,000 square feet of industrial product located at 1001 Old Philadelphia Road in Aberdeen, MD. 2) 17 acres of land in Harford County, MD that will accommodate a 259,200 square foot speculative warehouse project on Chelsea Road under construction due to be complete in the fourth quarter of 2024. 3) 170 acres of land in Cecil County, MD that can accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial development. We also have three properties that were either spun-off to us from Florida Rock Industries in 1986 or acquired by us from unrelated third parties. These properties, as a result of our “highest and best use” studies, are being prepared for income generation through sale or joint venture with third parties, and in certain cases we are leasing these properties on an interim basis for an income stream while we wait for the development market to mature. Development Segment - Significant Investment Lands Inventory: Location Approx. Acreage Status NBV Riverfront on the Anacostia Phases III-IV 2.5 Conceptual design program ongoing $6,998,000 Hampstead Trade Center, MD 118 Zoning applied for in preparation for sale $10,916,000 Square 664E, on the Anacostia River in DC 2 Under lease to Vulcan Materials as a concrete batch plant through 2026 $7,316,000 Total 122.5 $25,230,000 Development Segment - Investments in Joint Ventures The third leg of our Development Segment consists of investments in joint ventures for properties in development. The Company has investments in joint ventures, primarily with other real estate developers which are summarized below: Property JV Partner Status % Ownership Brooksville Quarry, LLC near Brooksville, FL Vulcan Materials Company Future planned residential development of 4,280 acres which are currently subject to mining lease 50% BC FRP Realty, LLC for 35 acres in Maryland St John Properties 329,000 square-foot, multi-building business park in lease-up 50% Aberdeen Overlook residential development in Harford County, MD $31.1 million in exchange for an interest rate of 10% and a 20% preferred return after which the Company is also entitled to a portion of proceeds from sale Financing Amber Ridge residential development in Prince George’s County, MD $18.5 million in exchange for an interest rate of 10% and a 20% preferred return after which the Company is also entitled to a portion of proceeds from sale Financing The Verge at 1800 Half Street property in Buzzard Point area of Washington, D.C. MRP Realty Eleven-story structure with 344 apartments and 8,536 square feet of ground floor retail 61.37% Estero, FL Woodfield Development Pre-development activities for a mixed-use project with 554 multifamily units, 72,000 square feet of commercial space, 41,000 square feet of office space and a boutique 170-key hotel 16% 22 FRP/MRP Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC MRP Realty Pre-development activities for first phase of property owned by Steuart Investment Company (SIC) under a Contribution and Pre-Development Agreement between this partnership and SIC 50% Woven property in Greensville, SC Woodfield Development Pre-development activities for a mixed-use project with approximately 214 multifamily units and 10,000 square feet of retail space 50% Lakeland, FL BBX Logistics Pre-development activities for a 200,000 square foot class A warehouse. 50% Broward County, FL BBX Logistics Pre-development activities for 180,000 square feet of industrial product. 50% Joint ventures where FRP is not the primary beneficiary (including those in the Multifamily Segment) are reflected in the line “Investment in joint ventures” on the balance sheet and “Equity in loss of joint ventures” on the income statement. The following table summarizes the Company’s investments in unconsolidated joint ventures (in thousands): The Company's Share of Profit Common Total Total Assets of Profit (Loss) (Loss) of the Ownership Investment The Partnership Of the Partnership Partnership As of March 31, 2024 Brooksville Quarry, LLC 50.00 % $ 7,539 14,436 (24 ) (12 ) BC FRP Realty, LLC 50.00 % 5,812 22,650 (72 ) (36 ) Buzzard Point Sponsor, LLC 50.00 % 2,391 4,782 — — Bryant Street Partnerships 72.10 % 70,017 201,819 (2,311 ) (1,700 ) Lending ventures 30,171 19,431 — — BBX Partnerships 50.00 % 1,628 3,256 — — Estero Partnership 16.00 % 3,627 38,529 — — The Verge Partnership 61.37 % 36,715 128,640 (1,593 ) (978 ) Greenville Partnerships 40.00 % 6,371 99,647 (733 ) (293 ) Total $ 164,271 533,190 (4,733 ) (3,019 ) The major classes of assets, liabilities and equity of the Company’s Investments in Joint Ventures as of March 31, 2024 are summarized in the following two tables (in thousands): As of March 31, 2024 Buzzard Point Bryant Street Estero Verge Greenville Multifamily Sponsor, LLC Partnership Partnership Partnership Partnership JV’s Investments in real estate, net $ 0 188,761 36,212 127,064 97,508 $ 449,545 Cash and restricted cash 0 6,060 2,317 940 1,890 11,207 Unrealized rents & receivables 0 6,428 0 390 119 6,937 Deferred costs 4,782 570 0 246 130 5,728 Total Assets $ 4,782 201,819 38,529 128,640 99,647 $ 473,417 Secured notes payable $ 0 110,333 16,000 71,332 81,619 $ 279,284 Other liabilities 0 1,490 0 1,082 1,108 3,680 Capital – FRP 2,391 68,009 3,600 34,441 5,418 113,859 Capital – Third Parties 2,391 21,987 18,929 21,785 11,502 76,594 Total Liabilities and Capital $ 4,782 201,819 38,529 128,640 99,647 $ 473,417 23 As of March 31, 2024 BBX Brooksville BC FRP Lending Multifamily Grand Partnerships Quarry, LLC Realty, LLC Ventures JV’s Total Investments in real estate, net $ 3,256 14,357 21,761 19,431 449,545 $ 508,350 Cash and restricted cash 0 72 193 0 11,207 11,472 Unrealized rents & receivables 0 0 448 0 6,937 7,385 Deferred costs 0 7 248 0 5,728 5,983 Total Assets $ 3,256 14,436 22,650 19,431 473,417 $ 533,190 Secured notes payable $ 0 0 10,782 (10,740 ) 279,284 $ 279,326 Other liabilities 0 22 356 0 3,680 4,058 Capital – FRP 1,628 7,539 5,756 30,171 113,859 158,953 Capital – Third Parties 1,628 6,875 5,756 0 76,594 90,853 Total Liabilities and Capital $ 3,256 14,436 22,650 19,431 473,417 $ 533,190 First Quarter Highlights · 130% increase in Net Income ($1.3 million vs $565,000) · 22% increase in pro-rata NOI ($8.53 million vs $6.99 million) · 92% increase in the Multifamily segment’s NOI · 36% increase in Industrial and Commercial revenue and 47% increase in that segment’s NOI Comparative Results of Operations for the Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 Consolidated Results (dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Change % Revenues: Lease revenue $ 7,170 $ 6,832 $ 338 4.9 % Mining royalty and rents 2,963 3,282 (319 ) -9.7 % Total revenues 10,133 10,114 19 .2 % Cost of operations: Depreciation/depletion/amortization 2,535 2,780 (245 ) -8.8 % Operating expenses 1,867 1,740 127 7.3 % Property taxes 807 947 (140 ) -14.8 % General and administrative 2,042 1,793 249 13.9 % Total cost of operations 7,251 7,260 (9 ) -.1 % Total operating profit 2,882 2,854 28 1.0 % Net investment income 2,783 2,382 401 16.8 % Interest expense (911 ) (1,006 ) 95 -9.4 % Equity in loss of joint ventures (3,019 ) (3,625 ) 606 -16.7 % Gain on sale of real estate — 10 (10 ) -100.0 % Income before income taxes 1,735 615 1,120 182.1 % Provision for income taxes 400 209 191 91.4 % Net income 1,335 406 929 228.8 % Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest 34 (159 ) 193 -121.4 % Net income attributable to the Company $ 1,301 $ 565 $ 736 130.3 % 24 Net income for the first quarter of 2024 was $1,301,000 or $.07 per share versus $565,000 or $.03 per share in the same period last year. These earnings per share are adjusted to reflect the 2 for 1 stock split that was effective April 12, 2024. The first quarter of 2024 was impacted by the following items: Operating profit increased slightly as favorable results in Multifamily and Industrial and Commercial were offset by lower Mining royalties and higher Development Segment losses. Interest expense decreased $95,000 compared to the same quarter last year due to $127,000 more capitalized interest and increased costs related to our credit agreement. More interest was capitalized due to increased in-house and joint venture projects under development this quarter compared to last year. Interest income increased $401,000 due to an increase in interest earned on cash equivalents ($552,000), increased income from our lending ventures ($449,000), partially offset by decreased preferred interest ($600,000). Equity in loss of Joint Ventures decreased $606,000 primarily due to lease-up of The Verge. Multifamily Segment (Consolidated) Three months ended March 31 (dollars in thousands) 2024 % 2023 % Change % Lease revenue $ 5,414 100.0 % 5,276 100.0 % 138 2.6 % Depreciation, depletion and amortization 1,981 36.6 % 2,264 42.9 % (283 ) -12.5 % Operating expenses 1,461 27.0 % 1,488 28.2 % (27 ) -1.8 % Property taxes 524 9.7 % 531 10.1 % (7 ) -1.3 % General and administrative 236 4.3 % 189 3.6 % 47 24.9 % Cost of operations 4,202 77.6 % 4,472 84.8 % (270 ) -6.0 % Operating profit $ 1,212 22.4 % 804 15.2 % 408 50.7 % Multifamily Segment (Pro-rata unconsolidated) Three months ended March 31 (dollars in thousands) 2024 % 2023 % Change % Lease revenue $ 3,713 100.0 % 2,706 100.0 % 1,007 37.2 % Depreciation, depletion and amortization 1,562 42.1 % 1,265 46.7 % 297 23.5 % Operating expenses 1,281 34.5 % 1,056 39.0 % 225 21.3 % Property taxes 461 12.4 % 175 6.5 % 286 163.4 % Cost of operations 3,304 89.0 % 2,496 92.2 % 808 32.4 % Operating profit $ 409 11.0 % 210 7.8 % 199 94.8 % Our Multifamily Segment consists of two consolidated joint ventures (Dock 79 and The Maren) and three unconsolidated joint ventures (Bryant Street, Riverside, and .408 Jackson). Riverside achieved stabilization in 2022 while the other two moved from our Development Segment to this segment upon stabilization as of the beginning of 2024. 25 Total revenues for our two consolidated joint ventures were $5,414,000, an increase of $138,000 versus $5,276,000 in the same period last year. Total operating profit in this segment was $1,212,000, an increase of $408,000, or 51% versus $804,000 in the same period last year. For our three unconsolidated joint ventures pro-rata revenues were $3,713,000, an increase of $1,007,000 or 37% compared to $2,706,000 the same period last year. Pro-rata operating profit was $409,000, an increase of $199,000 or 95% versus $210,000 in the same period last year. For the purposes of these comparisons, results from the Development Segment for the three joint ventures stabilized at the beginning of 2024 are included in the same quarter last year. Apartment Building Units Pro-rata NOI Q1 2024 % Occupied 3/31/24 Avg. Occupancy Q1 2024 Avg. Occupancy CY 2023 Renewal Success Rate Q1 2024 Renewal % increase Q1 2024 Dock 79 Anacostia DC 305 $946,000 94.8% 94.8% 94.4% 71.1% 2.6% Maren Anacostia DC 264 924,000 95.1% 93.8% 95.6% 50.0% 2.5% Bryant Street DC 487 1,496,000 92.8% 93.0% 93.0% 56.5% 5.7% Riverside Greenville 200 224,000 94.0% 93.7% 94.5% 65.7% 1.6% .408 Jackson Greenville 227 293,000 94.7% 93.0% 59.9% 36.4% 3.5% Multifamily Segment 1,483 $3,883,000 94.1% 93.5% 87.7% The combined consolidated and unconsolidated pro-rata net operating income this quarter for this segment was $3,883,000, up $1,861,000 or 92% compared to $2,022,000 in the same quarter last year. During the same quarter last year, Bryant Street and .408 Jackson were in the Development segment and contributed $1,233,000 of pro-rata NOI. Industrial and Commercial Segment Three months ended March 31 (dollars in thousands) 2024 % 2023 % Change % Lease revenue $ 1,453 100.0 % 1,070 100.0 % 383 35.8 % Depreciation, depletion and amortization 363 25.0 % 278 26.0 % 85 30.6 % Operating expenses 215 14.8 % 141 13.2 % 74 52.5 % Property taxes 63 4.3 % 60 5.6 % 3 5.0 % General and administrative 250 17.2 % 296 27.6 % (46 ) -15.5 % Cost of operations 891 61.3 % 775 72.4 % 116 15.0 % Operating profit $ 562 38.7 % 295 27.6 % 267 90.5 % Total revenues in this segment were $1,453,000, up $383,000 or 36%, over the same period last year. Operating profit was $562,000, up $267,000 or 91% from $295,000 in the same quarter last year. Revenues and operating profit are up because of full occupancy at 1841 62nd Street (which had only $11,000 of revenue in the same period last year) and the addition of 1941 62nd Street to this segment in March 2023. We now have nine buildings in service at three different locations totaling 515,077 square feet of industrial and 33,708 square feet of office. We were 95.6% leased and occupied during the entire quarter. Net operating income in this segment was $1,159,000, up $372,000 or 47% compared to the same quarter last year. 26 Mining Royalty Lands Segment Results Three months ended March 31 (dollars in thousands) 2024 % 2023 % Change % Mining royalty and rent revenue $ 2,963 100.0 % 3,282 100.0 % (319 ) -9.7 % Depreciation, depletion and amortization 149 5.0 % 183 5.6 % (34 ) -18.6 % Operating expenses 17 0.6 % 17 0.5 % — — Property taxes 73 2.4 % 69 2.1 % 4 5.8 % General and administrative 278 9.4 % 223 6.8 % 55 24.7 % Cost of operations 517 17.4 % 492 15.0 % 25 5.1 % Operating profit $ 2,446 82.6 % 2,790 85.0 % (344 ) -12.3 % Total revenues in this segment were $2,963,000, a decrease of $319,000 or 9.7% versus $3,282,000 in the same period last year. Royalty tons were down 14%. Total operating profit in this segment was $2,446,000, a decrease of $344,000 versus $2,790,000 in the same period last year. Net Operating Income this quarter for this segment was $2,760,000, down $388,000 or 12% compared to the same quarter last year. Among the reasons for this decrease is a shift in production off our land in Manassas and a decrease in production at our Ft. Myers quarry because of weather-related delays and slowdowns. There was also a large beach restoration project completed early last year from our Keuka location. This individual project accounted for over 82,000 tons in sales in the first quarter of last year and there was no need to repeat it this year. The primary reason for the decrease, however, is the deduction of royalties to resolve an $842,000 overpayment, as referenced in our 10-Q from the quarter ended June 30, 2023. Through a temporary amendment to our mining lease, the tenant deducted $289,000 in royalties otherwise due the Company this quarter. The outstanding balance on this overpayment is $335,000. Excluding that adjustment, royalties per ton increased 13%. Development Segment Results Three months ended March 31 (dollars in thousands) 2024 2023 Change Lease revenue $ 303 486 (183 ) Depreciation, depletion and amortization 42 55 (13 ) Operating expenses 174 94 80 Property taxes 147 287 (140 ) General and administrative 1,278 1,085 193 Cost of operations 1,641 1,521 120 Operating loss $ (1,338 ) (1,035 ) (303 ) With respect to ongoing Development Segment projects: We entered into two new joint venture agreements this quarter with BBX Logistics. The first joint venture is a 200,000 square-foot warehouse development project in Lakeland, FL, and the second joint venture is a 160,000 square-foot warehouse redevelopment project in Broward County, FL. Last summer we broke ground on a new speculative warehouse project in Aberdeen, MD on Chelsea Road. Vertical construction is underway. This Class A, 259,200 square foot building is due to be complete in the 4th quarter of 2024. 27 Lease-up is nearing completion at The Verge. At quarter end, the building was 94.2% leased and 91.6% occupied. Retail at this location is 45.2% leased. This is our third mixed-use project in the Anacostia waterfront submarket in Washington, DC. We are the principal capital source for a residential development venture in Harford County, MD known as Aberdeen Overlook. The project includes 110 acres and 344 residential building lots. We have committed $31.1 million to the project with $23.1 million currently drawn. A national homebuilder is under contract to purchase all 222 townhomes and 122 single family dwelling lots. As of quarter-end 23 lots had been sold and $5.8 million of preferred interest and principal has been returned to the company. Liquidity and Capital Resources. The growth of the Company’s businesses requires significant cash needs to acquire and develop land or operating buildings and to construct new buildings and tenant improvements. As of March 31, 2024, we had $152,484,000 of cash and cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2024, we had no debt borrowed under our $35 million Wells Fargo revolver, $898,000 outstanding under letters of credit and $34,102,000 available to borrow under the revolver. On March 19, 2021, the Company refinanced Dock 79 and The Maren projects pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into with Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $92,070,000 and $88,000,000 respectively, in connection with the refinancing. Cash Flows - The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for each of the periods presented (in thousands of dollars): Three months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Total cash provided by (used for): Operating activities $ 2,906 4,687 Investing activities (7,225 ) (8,755 ) Financing activities (752 ) (130 ) Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $ (5,071 ) (4,198 ) Outstanding debt at the beginning of the period 178,705 178,557 Outstanding debt at the end of the period 178,742 178,594 Operating Activities - Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $2,906,000 versus $4,687,000 in the same period last year. The decrease was primarily due to a $1,649,000 larger reduction in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. At March 31, 2024, the Company was invested in U.S. Treasury notes valued at $141,603,000 maturing in 2024. The unrealized loss on these investments of $150 was recorded as part of comprehensive income and was based on the estimated market value by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (Level 1). Investing Activities - Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $7,225,000 versus $8,755,000 in the same period last year. The $1.5 million decrease was primarily due to a $5 million increase in property due to active warehouse construction, a $5 million decrease in investments in joint ventures due to lower capital calls and lending activity, and a $1.5 million increase in return of capital form joint ventures due to permanent financing at .408 Jackson mostly offset by lower lending venture returns. Financing Activities – Net cash required by financing activities was $752,000 versus $130,000 in the same period last year primarily due to the exercise of employee stock options in the same period last year. Credit Facilities - On December 22, 2023, the Company entered into a 2023 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (“Wells Fargo”). The Credit Agreement modifies the Company’s prior Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo, dated January 30, 2015. The Credit Agreement establishes a three-year revolving credit facility with a maximum facility amount of $35 million. The interest rate under the Credit Agreement will be 2.25% over Daily Simple SOFR. A commitment fee of 0.35% per annum is payable quarterly on 28 the unused portion of the commitment. The credit agreement contains certain conditions and financial covenants, including a minimum tangible net worth and dividend restriction. As of March 31, 2024, these covenants would have limited our ability to pay dividends to a maximum of $96.9 million combined. On March 19, 2021, the Company refinanced Dock 79 and The Maren projects pursuant to separate Loan Agreements and Deed of Trust Notes entered into with Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, LLC. Dock 79 and The Maren borrowed principal sums of $92,070,000 and $88,000,000 respectively, in connection with the refinancing. The loans are separately secured by the Dock 79 and The Maren real property and improvements, bear a fixed interest rate of 3.03% per annum, and require monthly payments of interest only with the principal in full due April 1, 2033. Either loan may be prepaid subsequent to April 1, 2024, subject to yield maintenance premiums. Either loan may be transferred to a qualified buyer as part of a one-time sale subject to a 60% loan to value, minimum of 7.5% debt yield and a 0.75% transfer fee. On December 4, 2023 the Bryant Street partnership secured a $110,000,000 loan with a floating rate equal to SOFR plus 2.9% from Rialto Capital Management, replacing the $132,000,000 loan with Capital One. It is a 3-year loan with 2 one-year extensions. A SOFR rate cap was secured at 5.35% from Chatham Financial creating an effective interest rate ceiling of 8.25%. The loan has a floor interest rate of 6.90%. FRP will look to secure a fixed permanent loan in the future when interest rates are more favorable. On January 30, 2024 the Greenville partnership at .408 Jackson secured a $49,450,000 loan with a fixed rate of 5.59% from Fannie Mae, replacing the $36,000,000 loan with First National Bank. It is a 7-year loan maturing January 1, 2031. The interest rate was favorable given the current market conditions and the term coincides with when the opportunity zone holding period lapses in 2030, when a sale could take place and the tax on gain is forgiven. As a result of the larger loan $5 million of our capital was returned to the Company Cash Requirements – The Company expects to invest $57 million into our existing real estate holdings and joint ventures during the remainder of 2024 and $193 million beyond 2024 for projects currently in our pipeline, with such capital being funded from cash and investments on hand, cash generated from operations, property sales, distributions from joint ventures, or borrowings under our credit facilities. Summary and Outlook . This quarter represented another meaningful step in the growth of this Company. The brisk pace at which we grew pro-rata NOI in 2023 continued into the first quarter of this year as we saw a 22% increase over the same period last year. The primary driver for this increase was our Multifamily Segment, due in part to the stabilization of .408 Jackson and Bryant Street. The addition of these two assets to this business segment, as well as the improved performance of Dock 79 and Maren drove the segment’s 92% increase in pro-rata NOI over the same period last year. As we have communicated on a number of occasions recently, we have shifted our development focus primarily towards industrial projects. The returns are currently better than most multifamily projects, and are less capital intensive and less reliant on debt. Industrial development has always been our core competency and we are excited to flex that muscle in markets both familiar and new. The Company is in predevelopment work to get shovel ready on two projects in Maryland: the first is on 170 acres of land in Cecil County, MD that can accommodate 900,000 square feet of industrial development; and the second is on 54 acres of land in Aberdeen, MD capable of supporting up to 650,000 square feet of industrial product. We expect both projects to be ready to go vertical in the next eighteen months. We are also underway on the construction of a $30 million, 259,200 square-foot spec warehouse project at our Chelsea site in Aberdeen, MD, which we plan to deliver in the third quarter of 2024. Finally, this quarter, we entered into two separate joint venture agreements to develop industrial product in Florida. These projects represent our first industrial developments outside of the Mid-Atlantic. In entering Broward County and the I-4 corridor in Lakeland, we are expanding into two of the best growth markets in the United States. Our share of the industrial projects we have in development represents $191 million in capex, a portion which will be financed with debt. $27 million of that has been spent already, but we anticipate putting the remainder to use in the next two to three years if market conditions are right. We have underwritten these projects with a 6-7% NOI yield on cost. 29 Non-GAAP Financial Measure. To supplement the financial results presented in accordance with GAAP, FRP presents certain non-GAAP financial measures within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. We believe these non-GAAP measures provide useful information to our Board of Directors, management and investors regarding certain trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations. Our management uses these non-GAAP measures to compare our performance to that of prior periods for trend analyses, purposes of determining management incentive compensation and budgeting, forecasting and planning purposes. We provide Pro-rata net operating income (NOI) because we believe it assists investors and analysts in estimating our economic interest in our consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships, when read in conjunction with our reported results under GAAP. This measure is not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP financial measures. Pro-rata Net Operating Income Reconciliation Three months ended 03/31/24 (in thousands) Industrial and Mining Unallocated FRP Commercial Development Multifamily Royalties Corporate Holdings Segment Segment Segment Segment Expenses Totals Net income (loss) $ 430 (1,186 ) (1,254 ) 1,862 1,483 1,335 Income tax allocation 132 (364 ) (396 ) 572 456 400 Income (loss) before income taxes 562 (1,550 ) (1,650 ) 2,434 1,939 1,735 Less: Unrealized rents 16 — 9 113 — 138 Interest income — 802 — — 1,981 2,783 Plus: Professional fees — — 12 — — 12 Equity in loss of joint ventures — 1,014 1,993 12 — 3,019 Interest expense — — 869 — 42 911 Depreciation/amortization 363 42 1,981 149 — 2,535 General and administrative 250 1,278 236 278 — 2,042 Net operating income (loss) 1,159 (18 ) 3,432 2,760 — 7,333 NOI of noncontrolling interest — — (1,562 ) — — (1,562 ) Pro-rata NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures — 750 2,013 — — 2,763 Pro-rata net operating income $ 1,159 732 3,883 2,760 — 8,534 Pro-rata Net Operating Income Reconciliation Three months ended 03/31/23 (in thousands) Industrial and Mining Unallocated FRP Commercial Development Multifamily Royalties Corporate Holdings Segment Segment Segment Segment Expenses Totals Net income (loss) $ 215 (2,608 ) (255 ) 2,034 1,020 406 Income tax allocation 80 (967 ) (36 ) 754 378 209 Income (loss) before income taxes 295 (3,575 ) (291 ) 2,788 1,398 615 Less: Unrealized rents 82 — — 48 — 130 Gain on sale of real estate — — — 10 — 10 Interest income — 972 — — 1,410 2,382 Plus: Unrealized rents — — 45 — — 45 Equity in loss of joint ventures — 3,512 101 12 — 3,625 Interest Expense — — 994 — 12 1,006 Depreciation/amortization 278 55 2,264 183 — 2,780 General and administrative 296 1,085 189 223 — 1,793 Net operating income (loss) 787 105 3,302 3,148 — 7,342 NOI of noncontrolling interest — — (1,502 ) — — (1,502 ) Pro-rata NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures — 926 222 — — 1,148 Pro-rata net operating income $ 787 1,031 2,022 3,148 — 6,988 30 The following tables detail the Development and Multifamily Segment pro-rata NOI by project: Development Segment: FRP Bryant BC FRP .408 The Total Three months ended Portfolio Street Realty, LLC Jackson Verge Pro-rata NOI 3/31/2024 $(18 ) — 144 — 606 732 3/31/2023 $104 1,255 80 (22 ) (386 ) 1,031 Multifamily Segment: Dock .408 Bryant Total Three months ended 79 The Maren Riverside Jackson Street Pro-rata NOI 3/31/2024 $946 924 224 293 1,496 3,883 3/31/2023 $887 913 222 — — 2,022 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS Interest Rate Risk - We are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes through our variable-rate borrowings under our Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo. Under the Wells Fargo Credit Agreement, the applicable margin for borrowings at March 31, 2024 was Daily 1-Month LIBOR plus 1.0%. The Company did not have any variable rate debt at March 31, 2024, so a sensitivity analysis was not performed to determine the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows. ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES CONCLUSION REGARDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company also maintains a system of internal accounting controls over financial reporting that are designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. As of March 31, 2024, the Company, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the CEO, CFO and CAO, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s CEO, CFO and CAO concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective in alerting them in a timely manner to material information required to be included in periodic SEC filings. There have been no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 31 PART II. OTHER INFORMATION Item 1A. RISK FACTORS In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. Item 2. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER Total Number of Shares Purchased Approximate As Part of Dollar Value of Total Publicly Shares that May Number of Average Announced Yet Be Purchased Shares Price Paid Plans or Under the Plans Period Purchased per Share Programs or Programs (1) January 1 through January 31 — $ — — $ 7,363,000 February 1 through February 28 — $ — — $ 7,363,000 March 1 through March 31 — $ — — $ 7,363,000 Total — $ — — (1) On February 4, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized management to expend up to $5,000,000 to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time as opportunities arise. On December 5, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On August 5, 2019, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On May 6, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. On August 26, 2020, the Board of Directors approved a $10,000,000 increase in the Company’s stock repurchase authorization. Item 6. EXHIBITS (a) Exhibits. The response to this item is submitted as a separate Section entitled "Exhibit Index", on page 34. 32 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. FRP Holdings, Inc. Date: May 13, 2024 By JOHN D. BAKER III John D. Baker III Chief Executive Officer & Chief Financial Officer (Principal Executive Officer & Principal Financial Officer) By JOHN D. KLOPFENSTEIN John D. Klopfenstein Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) 33 FRP HOLDINGS, INC. FORM 10-Q FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 EXHIBIT INDEX (31)(a) Certification of John D. Baker III . (31)(b) Certification of John D. Klopfenstein . (32) Certification of Chief Executive Officer & Chief Financial Officer and Controller and Chief Accounting Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 . 101.XSD XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase 104. Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) 34