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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis

2024-04-01 compared with 2023-03-29 · 299 added, 173 removed, 215 unchanged (69% of the section changed)

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Our discussion includes forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, such as our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions.

Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including those set forth under the "Risk Factors," "Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Business" sections in this prospectus.

We use words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements.

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Bright Mountain Media, Inc.

is a holding company which focuses on digital publishing and advertising technology.

The Company is engaged in content creation and advertising technology development that helps customers connect with, and market to, targeted audiences in high quality environments using a variety of digital advertising ("ad") formats.

(together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the “Company,” “Bright Mountain” or “we”) has an end-to-end digital media and advertising services platform that efficiently connects brands with targeted consumer demographics.

We focus on digital publishing, advertising technology, consumer insights, creative and media services.

Digital Publishing

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Our advertising technology division focuses on delivering targeted ads to audiences on owned and operated sites as well as third-party publishers in a cost-effective manner through the deployment of proprietary technologies.

Through acquisitions and organic software development, we have consolidated and plan to further condense key elements of the prevailing digital advertising supply chain by eliminating industry “middlemen” and/or costly redundancy of services via our ad exchange.

By developing our own proprietary technology stack, we are able to pass along efficiencies to both the demand and supply side of the ecosystem.

Our goal is to enable and support a streamlined, end-to-end advertising model that addresses both advertiser demand (buy side) and publisher supply (sell side) programmatic sales and delivery of digital advertisements using an array of audience targeting tools and advertising formats (display, audio, video, connected television (CTV), in-app).

Programmatic advertising relies on artificial intelligence powered software programs that leverage data and proprietary algorithms to match the optimal selection of an ad with bid price offered by advertisers.

The Company generates revenue through sales of advertising services which generate revenue from advertisements placed on the Company’s owned and managed sites, as well as from advertisements placed on partner websites, for which the Company earns a share of the revenue.

Additionally, we also generate advertising services revenue from facilitating the real-time buying and selling of advertisements at scale between networks of buyers, known as demand side platforms ("DSPs) and sellers known as supply side platforms ("SSPs").

Our goal is to enable and support a streamlined, end-to-end advertising model that addresses both demand (buy side) and publisher supply (sell side) programmatic sales and delivery of digital advertisements using an array of audience targeting tools and advertising formats (display, audio, video, CTV, in-app).

Programmatic advertising relies on software programs that leverage data and proprietary algorithms to match the optimal selection of an ad with a bid price offered by advertisers.

Consumer Insights

Our consumer insights division focuses on providing primary and secondary research, competitive intelligence, and expert insight to address customers' strategic issues.

We provide cutting-edge and dynamic research, offering clients a comprehensive perspective on their consumers.

This insight extends to strategic guidance on the optimal timing and channels to effectively connect with target audiences.

Our cutting-edge approach combines advanced data analytics, artificial intelligence, and comprehensive market research, to uncover actionable insights that drive informed decision-making.

Creative Services

Our creative services division transforms data into award-winning campaigns.

We are uniquely able to leverage insights teams with highly strategic media planning and buying teams to ensure brands not only position their advertising precisely, but also yield impactful business results.

Our goal is to combine data-driven decisions with creativity fueled by a deep understanding of modern culture.

Media Services

Our media services division focuses on advertisers and agencies by providing access to premium inventory, leveraging data to optimize programmatic campaigns.

Our aim is to empower clients to access the most sought-after advertising spaces across diverse platforms tailored to their specific needs and preferences.

Our data-driven approach ensures that ad placements are not only well-targeted, but also continuously optimized for maximum efficiency and ROI.

Our commitment to combining premium inventory access with data-driven programmatic campaign optimization makes us an indispensable partner in the success of our clients' advertising and marketing endeavors.

The Company generates revenue through:

• the selling of advertisements placed on our owned and managed sites and on partner websites where we earn a share of the revenue;

• facilitating the seamless, real-time exchange of advertisements on a large scale, bridging networks of buyers (referred to as "DSPs") and networks of sellers (referred to as "SSPs");

• serving advertisers through providing access to premium resources and leveraging data to optimize programmatic campaigns, where revenue is derived from the planning and execution of creative and media marketing campaigns;

• providing primary and secondary research, competitive intelligence, and expert insights to address customers' strategic issues, where revenue is primarily derived from providing a single integrated service for such research.

Recent Developments

On April 20, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of two business units of Big Village (Big Village Insights, Inc.

and Big Village Agency LLC (together, referred to as the "Big Village Entities")), for approximately $20.0 million, plus assumed liabilities, in an all-cash transaction funded by the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility (the "Big Village Acquisition").

As part of the Big Village Acquisition, the Company formed BV Insights, LLC ("Insights") and Big Village Agency, LLC ("Agency"), to own the assets acquired in the transaction.

In addition, letters of employment were extended to certain legacy employees of the Big Village Entities, resulting in the employment of an additional 203 employees on April 20, 2023.

Other Developments

During 2022, the Company began scaling down its operations of Slutzky & Winshman Ltd, a digital media company located in Israel that was acquired in August 2019.

This decision was made after a consistent decline in revenue.

In 2023, we terminated operations in Israel and all employees were terminated.

Also in 2023, we terminated the operation of News Distribution Network, Inc., a newspaper technology company, which we also acquired in 2019, and subsequently rebranded this service as Mediahouse, also as a result of a declining revenue stream.

There were no specific costs associated with these exits.

At December 31, 2023, these two entities have not yet been dissolved.

Key Factor Affecting Our Performance

Seasonal Fluctuations .

Typically advertising technology companies report a material portion of their revenues during the third and fourth calendar quarter as a result of back to school and holidays related advertising spend.

Our experience since transitioning to focus solely on advertising has been consistent with this trend.

Because of seasonal fluctuations, there

can be no assurance that the results of any particular quarter will be indicative of results for the full year or for future years or quarters.

Typically advertising technology companies report a material portion of their revenues during the third and fourth calendar quarter as a result of back-to-school and holiday-related advertising spend.

We continue to experience this trend in our advertising technology division.

Because of seasonal fluctuations, there can be no assurance that the results of any quarter or full year will be indicative of results for future years or quarters.

Limited Number of Customers .

During the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, one customer represented 37.7% and 8.6% of revenue, respectively.

The loss of this customer could have a material adverse impact on the results of operations in future periods.

During the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, two and one customer(s) represented 23.0% and 37.7% of revenue, respectively.

The loss of either of these customers could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations in future periods.

Managing Industry Dynamics .

We operate in the rapidly evolving digital advertising industry.

Advances in programmatic advertising technologies, and the efficient and automated method of purchasing ads online, has enabled publishers to auction their ad inventory to more buyers simultaneously, in real time.

As advertisers stay ahead of evolving trends in consumer engagement with digital media, an expansive opportunity for innovation emerges.

Our commitment to understanding customer needs empowers us, and our continuous pursuit of innovation enables swift adaptation to industry shifts.

This approach not only facilitates the development of cutting-edge solutions, but also does so in a cost-effective manner.

As regulatory concerns accelerate the impact on existing industry standards, companies are actively seeking new methods to finely tailor their messages to target audiences.

Tech companies will be limited in how they monetize personal information for advertising purposes.

This trend is exemplified by two imminent developments:

(1) the anticipated erosion of Google's third-party cookies and (2) the data security measures integrated into Apple iPhones.

Consequently, companies must explore innovative methods to better understand their target audiences and have the tools to effectively engage with them.

Key Operating and Financial Metrics

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Cost of revenue 31,766 10,493

Gross Margin 9,087 6,575

General and administrative expenses 22,522 14,155

Total financing income (expense) (2,963) (93)

Net loss $ (8,125) $ (12,000)

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles

Financing income (expense)

(8,752) (3,057)

Net loss from operations

$ (35,564) $ (8,125)

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

$ (3,932) $ (2,463)

(1) For a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA see “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

Revenue increased $6.7 million or 51% in the year ended December 31, 2022 when compared to the same period in 2021.

The Company generates revenue through:

• the selling of advertisements placed on our owned and managed sites and on partner websites where we earn a share of the revenue;

• facilitating the seamless, real-time exchange of advertisements on a large scale, bridging networks of buyers (referred to as "DSPs") and networks of sellers (referred to as "SSPs");

Revenue increased approximately $25.0 million, or 128%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 when compared to the same period in 2022.

See below for a detailed analysis of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue includes payment to third parties for services performed to drive revenue, which include revenue share paid for ad exchange on third party sites, advertising fees, fees paid for content creation, influencers, writers and sales commission.

Costs of revenue increased approximately $4.1 million or 65% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 2021.

Cost of revenue includes internal labor and payment to third parties for services performed to drive revenue, which includes the publisher cost paid for ad exchange on third party sites, advertising fees, personnel costs, technology and data related costs, fees paid for content creation, influencers, writers and sales commission.

Cost of revenue increased approximately $21.3 million, or 203%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022.

See below for a detailed analysis of cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022.

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and (v) facility costs.

General and administrative expenses decreased approximately $4.2 million or 23% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.

General and administrative expenses increased approximately $8.4 million, or 59%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.

See below for a detailed analysis of general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles increased approximately $17.1 million, or 100%, for the for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022.

Results of Operations

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Gross margin 12,780 9,087 3,693 41 % increased

General and administrative expense 14,249 18,482 (4,233) (23) % decreased

Loss from operations (5,162) (11,907) 6,745 (57) % decreased

General and administrative expense 22,522 14,155 8,367 59 % increased

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles

17,070 — 17,070 100 % increased

Loss from operations

(26,812) (5,068) (21,744) 429 % increased

Financing income (expense) (8,752) (3,057) (5,695) 186 % increased

Net loss $ (8,125) $ (12,000) $ 3,875 (32) % decreased

Net loss from operations

$ (35,564) $ (8,125) $ (27,439) 338 % increased

Gross margin % 29 % 46 % (18) % (38) % decreased

The Company focuses on digital publishing and advertising technology.

Our revenue showed an overall increase of $25.0 million, or 128%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022, which was driven by $31.0 million in revenue as a result of the Big Village Acquisition, and was partially offset by macroeconomic factors, coupled with an overall reduction in spending by some customers due to inflationary concerns, which led to lower than normal rates and lower earnings.

The macroeconomic impacts significantly reduced direct sales by digital publishing customers as well as traffic on our website, which resulted in lower revenue in

these divisions.

In addition, some vendors have changed their platforms to favor short video and other "creator" content over news and media type content during 2023.

These changes reduced visitors to our site and revenue in general.

The Company focuses on digital publishing, advertising technology, consumer insights, creative and media services.

Revenue generated by each division is set forth below:

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

2023 2022 Change % Change

Digital publishing $ 4,130 $ 8,032 $ (3,902) (49) % decreased

Advertising technology 9,463 11,548 (2,085) (18) % decreased

Consumer insights 23,868 — 23,868 100 % increased

Creative services 5,130 — 5,130 100 % increased

Media services 1,955 — 1,955 100 % increased

$ 44,546 $ 19,580 $ 24,966 128 %

Digital Publishing

Our digital publishing division focuses on developing content that attracts an audience and monetizes that audience through advertising.

The current portfolio of owned and operated websites is focused on moms, parenting, families, and more broadly, women.

The portfolio consists of popular websites including Mom.com, Cafemom.com, LittleThings.com, and MamasLatinas.com.

This demographic is highly sought after by brands and their advertising agencies.

We use internal and external technologies to constantly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the content we create.

Our publishing division monetizes its audiences through both direct and programmatic advertising sales.

Digital publishing revenue decreased by $3.9 million, or 49%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period for 2022.

Approximately $4.1 million, or 9%, of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was generated from our digital publishing customers compared to $8.0 million, or 41%, for the same period in 2022.

This division was significantly impacted by macroeconomic factors, which reduced traffic to our website, coupled with an overall reduction in spending by some customers related to inflationary concerns and reduction in website traffic.

Advertising Technology

Our advertising technology division focuses on delivering targeted ads to audiences on owned and operated sites as well as third party publishers in a cost-effective manner through the deployment of proprietary technologies.

By developing our own proprietary technology stack, we are able to pass along efficiencies to both the demand and supply side of the ecosystem.

Additionally, we also generate advertising services revenue from facilitating the real-time buying and selling of advertisements at scale between networks of buyers known as DSPs and sellers known as SSPs.

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, increased $6.7 million or 51% compared to the same period for 2021.

The increase was largely attributable to digital publishing revenue which increased $5.1 million or 178%.

This growth has been driven by our ability to leverage our digital publishing assets to attract top advertisers, which in turn has allowed us to onboard direct premium publishers, especially in the CTV market.

This led to an increase in volume, as well as rates and overall revenue.

Approximately 43% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 was generated from our digital publishing customers compared to 22% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Advertising technology revenue increased $1.5 million or 15% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period for 2021.

In 2022, approximately 90% of advertising technology revenue was generated in the U.S.

Advertising technology revenue decreased by $2.1 million, or 18%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period for 2022.

Approximately $9.5 million, or 21%, of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was generated from our advertising technology customers compared to $11.5 million, or 59%, for the same period in 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, approximately 100.0% of advertising technology revenue was generated in the U.S.

and 0% was generated from our business in Israel, compared to 90% and 10% in the U.S.

and Israel for the same period in 2021, respectively.

and Israel, respectively, for the same period in 2022.

During the latter part of 2022, the Company started scaling down its operations in Israel and focused more on its U.S.

market in advertising technology to capitalize on more attractive revenue streams.

The loss of revenue in Israel is a contributor to lower than expected growth in revenue in this category during 2023.

The Company subsequently closed operations in Israel in 2023.

Consumer Insights

Consumer insights revenue, which is a new offering we acquired with the Big Village Acquisition, increased by $23.9 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 and represented approximately 54% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Creative Services

Creative services revenue, which we also acquired as part of the Big Village Acquisition, increased by $5.1 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, and represented approximately 12% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Media Services

Media services revenue, which we also acquired as part of the Big Village Acquisition, increased by $2.0 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, and represented approximately 4% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Cost of Revenue

(in thousand s )

Year Ended December 31,

2023 2022 Change % Change

Direct salaries and labor $ 7,355 $ — $ 7,355 100 % increased

Direct project and other cost 10,246 — 10,246 100 % increased

Non-direct project cost 6,371 — 6,371 100 % increased

Publisher cost 5,877 5,967 (90) (2) % decreased

Content creation 1,078 1,372 (294) (21) % decreased

Sales commission 764 880 (116) (13) % decreased

Other 75 2,274 (2,199) (97) % decreased

$ 31,766 $ 10,493 $ 21,273 203 % increased

Costs of revenue increased $21.3 million, or 203%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period for 2022.

These costs include revenue share payments to media providers and website publishers.

The increase was largely attributable to revenue share payments which increased $4.1 million.

The Company started expanding its usage of ad exchange on a third party’s site which is also associated with the increase noted in revenue as discussed above.

Our gross margin increased $2.5 million or 38% for the year ended December 31, 2022, when compared to the same period for 2021.

This increase is mainly attributable to the acquisition of the Big Village Entities during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Direct Salaries and Labor Cost

Direct salaries and labor cost was $7.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and represented 23% of overall cost of revenue for this period.

These costs represent salary and labor cost of employees that work directly on customer projects for our consumer insights, creative and media services, which divisions we acquired as part of our acquisition of the Big Village Entities.

Direct Project Cost

Direct project cost was $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and represented 32% of overall cost of revenue for this period.

These costs include payments made to third-parties that are directly attributable to the completion of projects that allow for revenue recognition for our consumer insights, creative and media services, which divisions we acquired as part of our acquisition of the Big Village Entities.

Non-Direct Project Cost

Non-direct cost was $6.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and represented 20% of overall cost of revenue for this period.

These costs represent overall client service costs that are not specifically related to a particular project, but relate to services we acquired as part of our acquisition of the Big Village Entities.

Publisher Cost

Publisher cost was $5.9 million, which represents 18% of overall cost of revenue, and $6.0 million, or 57%, of overall cost of revenue, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We experienced a decrease of $90,000, or 2%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

These costs represent payments to media providers and website publishers.

Gross margin was $12.8 million, and $9.1 million for the years December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our gross margin increased $3.7 million or 41% for the year ended December 31, 2023, when compared to the same period for 2022 Gross margin as a percentage of revenue decreased to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 46% for the same period of 2022.

General and Administrative Expenses

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($ in thousands) 2023 2022 Change % Change

Personnel cost $ 6,622 $ 8,945 $ (2,323) (26) % decreased

Legal fees 231 520 (289) (56) % decreased

Professional fees 3,276 4,574 (1,298) (28) % decreased

Personnel cost $ 10,024 $ 6,622 $ 3,402 51 % increased

Legal fees 981 231 750 325 % increased

Professional fees 4,750 3,276 1,474 45 % increased

Insurance 1,014 599 415 70 % increased

Depreciation and amortization 1,597 1,639 (42) (3) % decreased

Other 1,923 2,264 (341) (15) % decreased

Total $ 14,248 $ 18,482 $ (4,234) (23) % decreased

Gross margin as a percentage of general and administrative expense 64 % 36 % 28 % 78 % increased

General and administrative expenses decreased $4.2 million or 23% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the same period in 2021.

The reduction is due to a combination of factors as discussed below.

125 38 87 227 % increased

Amortization of intangibles

2,490 1,558 932 60 % increased

Website expense

1,193 1,257 (64) (5) % decreased

Other 1,945 574 1,371 239 % increased

Total $ 22,522 $ 14,155 $ 8,367 59 % increased

Gross margin as a percentage of general and administrative expense 57 % 64 % (7) % (12) % decreased

General and administrative expenses increased $8.4 million, or 59%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022.

The increase is due to a combination of factors as discussed below.

Personnel Cost

Personnel cost decreased approximately $2.3 million or 26% compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.

This change is mainly driven by a reduction in head count of 23 employees or 29%.

Personnel cost increased by approximately $3.4 million, or 51%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

This change is mainly driven by an increase in head count as a result of the acquisition of the Big Village Entities.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company's headcount increased by a net amount of 136 employees, or 252%, mainly attributable to the Big Village Acquisition.

Personnel cost for Big Village employees is allocated between cost of revenue and general and administrative expenses depending on their contribution to certain revenue generating projects.

The overall increase in headcount during the year ended December 31, 2023, was partially offset by a reduction in the Company's headcount by 85 employees, including 54 employees that were terminated as a reduction in force.

The Company incurred severance cost of approximately $389,000 in connection with this reduction.

Approximately $75,000 is included in cost of revenue with the balance of $314,000 included in general and administrative cost.

The Company incurred severance cost of approximately $50,000 associated with a headcount reduction during the same period for 2022.

We had 190 total employees as of December 31, 2023, compared to 54 total employees as of December 31, 2022.

Legal fees is a combination of legal fees and litigation settlement amounts.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company incurred costs of $589,000 in legal fees offset by $357,000 in a litigation settlement, resulting in a net decrease of $289,000 or 56% compared to the year ended December 31, 2021.

The credit in litigation settlement is mainly

attributable to the reversal of a previous accrual related to the Slutzky & Winshman and Synacor litigation, as discussed in Note 15, "Commitment and Contingencies."

Legal fees increased by $750,000, or 325%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022.

Approximately $711,000 of overall legal fees during 2023 represented costs associated with the Big Village Acquisition.

Professional Fees

During the year ended December 31, 2022, professional fees decreased $1.3 million or 28% when compared to the same period, 2021.

The amount for 2021 was higher due to the costs incurred for audit and consultant fees which represented 66% of professional fees in 2022 compared to 82% for 2021.

This expense was in connection with the Company’s restatement of its financial results for the period January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021.

Professional fees increased by $1.5 million, or 45%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, when compared to the same period in 2022.

Approximately $1.5 million of overall professional fees during 2023 represented costs associated with the Big Village Acquisition.

Impairment of Goodwill and Intangibles

(in thousands)

Year Ended December 31,

2023 2022 Change % Change

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles $ 17,070 $ — $ 17,070 100 % increased

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company performed an impairment assessment on goodwill and intangibles for the Ad Network, Owned & Operated, and Insights reporting units.

The assessment indicated that the carrying value was in excess of its implied fair value for the Ad Network and Owned & Operated reporting units, resulting in an impairment charge of $14.1 million and $2.9 million for goodwill and intangibles, respectively.

There was no such charge for the same period in 2022.

See Note 6, "Intangible Assets, Net", and Note 7, "Goodwill", to the consolidated financial statements.

Financing Expense (Income)

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Gain on forgiveness of PPP loan — (1,137) 1,137 (100) % decreased

Other expense (income) (162) (2) (160) 8000 % increased

Other (income) expense

(437) (69) (368) 532 % increased

Total financing expense (income) $ 8,752 $ 3,057 $ 5,695 186 % increased

Financing expense increased $2.9 million or 3086% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to the same period 2021.

This increase was largely attributable to a $2.0 million increase in interest expense related to the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, which reflected higher principal and fees due to the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility amendments during the year ended December 31, 2022.

This increase was offset by a reduction in the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loan forgiveness amount, which was $1.1 million in 2022 compared to $2.2 million for the same period in 2021, resulting in a higher expense for 2022.

Financing expense increased $5.7 million, or 186%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the same period in 2022.

This increase was largely attributable to a $4.9 million increase in interest expense related to the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, which reflected higher principal and fees as a result of amendments to the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2022 through the year ended December 31, 2023.

In 2022, total financing expense was offset by a reduction in the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loan forgiveness of $1.1 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

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Net working capital deficit $ (11,065) $ (13,350)

As of December 31, 2022, we had a cash balance of $316,000 compared with a cash balance of $781,000 as of December 31, 2021.

During 2021, we implemented policies and procedures around cash collections to prevent the aging of accounts receivables, and we have continued following such policies and procedures in 2022.

Cash collection efforts are improving, and we believe we have appropriately reserved for uncollectible amounts as of December 31, 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company received $3.1 million in debt financing from Centre Lane Partners Master Credit Fund II, L.P.

(“Centre Lane Partners").

The use of the funds was for general working capital needs.

During the period from May 26, 2021 to December 31, 2021, the Company received $5.1 million in debt financing from Centre Lane Partners.

The use of the funds was for general working capital needs.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a cash balance of $4.0 million compared with a cash balance of $316,000 as of December 31, 2022.

The Company’s liquidity needs, and a discussion of how it intends to meet those needs, is discussed below.

See –“Going Concern.”

During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company received $8.6 million and $3.1 million, respectively, in debt financing from the Centre Lane Senior Secured Financing Facility.

The use of the funds was for general working capital needs and to fund the Big Village Acquisition.

Going Concern

Historically, the Company has incurred losses, which has resulted in an accumulated deficit of approximately $149.8 million as of December 31, 2023.

Cash flows used in operating activities were $3.1 million and $5.9 million for the years

ended December 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a working capital deficit of approximately $13.3 million, inclusive of $316,000 in cash and cash equivalents.

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on its ability to meet its liquidity needs through a combination of factors.

The Company is currently exploring all strategic alternatives, including restructuring or refinancing its debts, seeking additional debt, such as borrowings under the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility or equity capital.

The ability to access the capital markets is also dependent on the stock volume and market price of the Company's stock, which cannot be assured.

Other measures include reducing or delaying certain business activities, reducing general and administrative expenses, and a further reduction in headcount.

Cash flows used in operating activities were $4.7 million and $3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a working capital deficit of approximately $11.1 million, inclusive of $4.0 million in cash and cash equivalents.

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to meet its liquidity needs through a combination of factors.

During the next year, we anticipate that we will need approximately $8.6 million to meet our contractual obligations in addition to amounts needed for our working capital needs.

The Company is currently exploring several strategic alternatives, including restructuring or refinancing its debt, or seeking additional debt, including borrowing under the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Agreement or raising equity capital.

The ability to access the capital markets is also dependent upon the volume and market price of the Company's stock, which cannot be assured.

Other measures include reducing or delaying certain business activities, or reducing general and administrative expenses, including a reduction in headcount.

The ultimate success of these plans is not guaranteed.

In considering our forecast for the next twelve months, the Company's current cash and working capital, as of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company’s available cash will not be sufficient to fund its anticipated level of operations.

The Company's current cash and working capital, as of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, is not expected to be sufficient to fund its anticipated level of operations over the next twelve months.

As a result, such matters create a substantial doubt regarding the Company’s ability to meet its financial needs and continue as a going concern.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments that might result from uncertainty about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Subsequent Event

On February 28, 2023, the Company reduced its headcount from 57 employees to 52 employees.

There were no executive officers included in this reduction.

See Note 22, "Subsequent Events", to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis and do not include any adjustments that might result from uncertainty about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Financing Arrangement Summary

Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility

Effective June 1, 2020, the Company entered into a membership interest purchase agreement to acquire 100% of Wild Sky Media (the “Purchase Agreement”).

To finance this acquisition, the Company obtained a first lien senior secured credit facility from Centre Lane Partners in the amount of $16.5 million, comprising $15.0 million of initial indebtedness, repayment of Wild Sky’s existing accounts receivable factoring facility of approximately $900,000 and approximately $500,000 of expenses.

Centre Lane Partners subsequently loaned the Company an additional $8.2 million to provide liquidity to fund operations beginning in April 26, 2021 (as amended, the “Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility”).

This Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility has been determined to qualify as a related party transaction as shares were issued to Centre Lane Partners as part of the transaction, resulting in Centre Lane Partners holding 10% of the shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2022.

A related party is a party that can exercise significant influence over the Company in making financial and/or operating decisions.

The note issued under the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility bears interest at a rate of 6.0% per annum and matures June 30, 2025, with payments of 2.5% of outstanding principal beginning on June 30, 2023.

The interest rate was increased to 10.0% pursuant to the first amendment with interest payable-in-kind (“PIK Interest”) in lieu of cash payment.

Commencing with the ninth amendment, the interest rate was increased to 12% on all subsequent draws with 8% payable quarterly in cash and 4% payable-in-kind in lieu of cash payment.

These draws are known as the "last in first out loans," totaling $2.8 million inclusive of exit fees at December 31, 2022, due and payable on June 30, 2023.

For a full description of the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, see Note 9, "Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility" of our accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

On June 5, 2020, the Company and its subsidiaries entered into to the Amended and Restated Senior Secured Credit Agreement between themselves, the lenders party thereto and Centre Lane Partners Master Credit Fund II, L.P., as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent (“Centre Lane Partners”), as amended (the “Credit Agreement”).

The Credit Agreement has been amended numerous times to change the terms, including the amounts outstanding, the interest rate, the maturity date and other payment terms.

The outstanding principal owed to Centre Lane Partners was $70.2 million and $33.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which matures on April 20, 2026.

Of the amount outstanding at December 31, 2023, $879,000, $3.0 million, $879,000 and $879,000 are due on March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024, September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The balance of $64.6 million is due in 2025 or later.

The amount due under the Credit Agreement bears interest of 7.0% per annum plus the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR").

At December 31, 2023, the SOFR was 5.39%, thus the overall interest rate on this facility was 12.39% per annum at December 31, 2023.

Interest is paid in kind at 12.39% per annum on approximately $34.1 million of the amount owed under the Credit Agreement, and at 15% per annum on $29.2 million of the amount owed under the Credit Agreement.

With respect to the remaining $6.9 million owed under the facility, interest is paid in kind at 4% per annum and in cash at the SOFR plus 3.0% (for a total interest rate of 8.39% per annum at December 31, 2023).

Effective July 1, 2024, the $34.1 million outstanding under the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility will bear interest at 7.0% per annum, plus the SOFR plus 5.0%.

For a full description of the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, see Note 10, "Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility," to the consolidated financial statements.

10% Convertible Promissory Note

During November 2018, the Company issued 10% convertible promissory notes (the "Convertible Notes") in the amount of $80,000 to the Chairman of the Board, a related party.

The Convertible Notes are unsecured and mature in November 2023.

The Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holder into shares of Common Stock at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price of $0.40 per share.

Approximately $118,000 is due and payable by November 2023, consisting of outstanding principal and interest.

For a full description of the Convertible Notes, see Note 11, "10% Convertible Promissory Notes" of our accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

During November 2018, the Company issued a 10% convertible promissory note (the "Convertible Note") in the amount of $80,000 to the Chairman of the Board, a related party.

The Convertible Note is unsecured, matured five years from issuance and was convertible at the option of the holder into shares of our common stock at any time prior to maturity at a conversion price of $0.40 per share.

The outstanding principal and interest of the Convertible Note was due and payable in November 2023.

At December 31, 2023, approximately $119,000 inclusive of principal and interest is due and payable, and the outstanding principal continues to accrue interest.

For a full description of the Convertible Note, see Note 11, "10% Convertible Promissory Note" to the consolidated financial statements.

Summary of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022, and 2021:

The following table summarizes cash flow activities during the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022:

Year Ended December 31,

($ in thousands) 2023 2022

Total cash (used in) provided by:

Operating activities $ (3,115) $ (5,933)

Investing activities (14) —

Financing activities 2,664 5,978

(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (465) $ 45

Cash flow used in operating activities $ (4,658) $ (3,115)

Cash flow used in investing activities (14) (14)

Cash flow provided by financing activities 8,353 2,664

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, net of impact of exchange rates

$ 3,689 $ (466)

Operating Activities

Our largest source of operating cash is cash collections from customers from revenue.

Our primary uses of our operating cash, are for cost of revenue expenses, personnel-related expenditures and other general administrative expenses.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash used in operating activities was $4.7 million.

The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $8.1 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.6 million for amortization of intangible assets, $1.2 million of amortization of debt discount, $144,000 of stock-based compensation expense, $89,000 of stock compensation for Oceanside shares, $84,000 for the provision of bad debt, $1.1 million from the gain on forgiveness of the PPP loan and a $229,000 net change in operating assets and liabilities.

The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $698,000 increase in other liabilities and a $695,000 increase in prepaid and other current assets, offset by a $596,000 decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses, a $465,000 decrease in interest payable on Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility and a $426,000 decrease in deferred revenue.

The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $35.6 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $2.5 million for amortization of intangible assets, $2.1 million of amortization of debt discount, $17.1 million impairment of goodwill and intangibles, $6.7 million in interest paid in kind on the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, $58,000 for the allowance of expected credit losses, $196,000 for stock option compensation expense, and a $2.1 million net change in operating assets and liabilities.

The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $1.3 million increase in accounts receivables, a $735,000 decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses, a decrease in other liabilities of $472,000, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $360,000, and a $701,000 decrease in deferred revenue.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, cash used in operating activities was $3.1 million.

The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $12.0 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.6 million for amortization of intangible assets, $578,000 of amortization of debt discount, $207,000 of stock-based compensation expense, $281,000 of stock compensation for Oceanside shares, $74,000 for the provision of bad debt, $2.2 million from the gain on forgiveness of PPP loan and a $5.7 million net change in operating assets and liabilities.

The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $3.0 million increase in accounts receivable, a $1.3 million increase in interest payable on Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, and a $816,000 increase in deferred revenue, offset by a $426,000 decrease in prepaid and other current assets.

The primary factors affecting our operating cash flows during the period were our net loss of $8.1 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of

$1.6 million for amortization of intangible assets, $1.2 million of amortization of debt discount, $144,000 of stock-based compensation expense, $89,000 of stock compensation for the Oceanside shares, $84,000 for the allowance for expected credit losses, $1.1 million from the gain on forgiveness of PPP loans and a $121,000 net change in operating assets and liabilities.

The primary drivers of the changes in operating assets and liabilities were a $119,000 decrease in accounts receivable, a $695,000 increase in prepaid and other current assets, a $487,000 decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses, a $698,000 increase in other liabilities, a $466,000 decrease in interest payable on the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, and a $426,000 decrease in deferred revenue.

Investing Activities

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Financing Activities

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company raised $3.1 million of debt financing from Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, which was used primarily to fund our working capital.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company raised $5.1 million of debt financing from Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility and $1.1 million from the PPP Loan, which were used primarily to fund our working capital.

During the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 , the Company drew $8.6 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of debt financing from the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility, which was primarily used for working capital needs, which increased as a result of the Big Village Acquisition, offset by a $270,000 and $0 repayment of principal on the Centre Lane Senior Secured Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively .

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

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Operating lease $ 303 $ 64 $ 239 $ — $ —

Finance lease

10% Convertible Promissory Notes 80 80 — — —

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$ 73,487 $ 8,570 $ 64,917 $ — $ —

The Company’s liquidity needs, and a discussion of how it intends to meet those needs, is discussed above.

See –“Going Concern.”

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

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The non-GAAP financial information is provided to enhance the reader's understanding of the Company's financial performance, but non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

All of the items included in the reconciliation from net loss to EBITDA and from EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA are either (i) non-cash items (e.g., depreciation, amortization of purchased intangibles, stock-based compensation, etc.) or (ii) items that management does not consider to be useful in assessing the Company's ongoing operating performance (e.g., M&A costs, income taxes, gain on sale of investments, loss on disposal of assets, etc.).

All of the items included in the reconciliation from net loss before taxes to EBITDA and from EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA are either (i) non-cash items (e.g., depreciation, amortization of purchased intangibles, stock-based compensation, etc.) or (ii) items that management does not consider to be useful in assessing the Company's ongoing operating performance (e.g., M&A costs, income taxes, gain on sale of investments, loss on disposal of assets, etc.).

In the case of the non-cash items, management believes that investors can better assess the Company's operating performance if the measures are presented without such items because, unlike cash expenses, these adjustments do not affect the Company's ability to generate free cash flow or invest in its business.

We use, and we believe investors benefit from the presentation of, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating our operating performance because it provides us and our investors with an additional tool to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations.

performance on a consistent basis by removing the impact of certain items that management believes do not directly reflect our core operations.

We believe that EBITDA is useful to investors and other external users of our financial statements in evaluating our operating performance because EBITDA is widely used by investors to measure a company's operating performance without regard to items such as interest expense, taxes, and depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending upon accounting methods and book value of assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired.

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However, these measures can still be useful in evaluating the Company's performance against its peer companies because management believes the measures provide users with valuable insight into key components of GAAP financial disclosures.

A reconciliation of net loss before taxes to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

A reconciliation of net loss before taxes to non-GAAP EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

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Depreciation expense 125 38

Amortization expense 1,558 1,591

Amortization of intangibles

Impairment of goodwill and intangibles

Amortization of debt discount 2,074 1,199

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Stock compensation expense 196 233

Nonrecurring professional fees 657 1,766

Non-recurring professional fees

Non-recurring legal fees

Gain on forgiveness of PPP loan — (1,137)

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") requires management to make certain estimates, judgments, and assumptions.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions.

We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made.

These estimates, judgments, and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of our consolidated financial statements as well as reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented.

Our consolidated financial statements would be affected to the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results.

These estimates, judgments, and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of our unaudited consolidated financial statements as well as reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented.

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements would be affected to the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results.

In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application.

There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result.

Significant estimates included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, the fair value of acquired assets for purchase price allocation in business combinations, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, estimates of amortization period for intangible assets, estimates of depreciation period for fixed assets, the valuation of equity-based transactions, and the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

Significant estimates included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, allowance for current expected credit losses, the determination of the relative selling prices of our services, percentage of completion for revenue recognition, estimates of amortization period for intangible assets, estimates of depreciation period for property and equipment, discount rates used in the valuation of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, litigation reserves, the valuation of equity-based transactions, valuation of the Center Lane Senior Secured Facility carrying value regarding debt modification or extinguishment, and the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.

Critical accounting policies are those policies that management believes are very important to the portrayal of our financial position and results of operations, and that require management to make estimates that are difficult, subjective or otherwise complex.

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606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, (ASC 606) .

The Company recognizes revenues at a point-in-time when control of services is transferred to the customer.

The Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer or over time as a percentage of completion or otherwise in accordance with the terms of the contract.

Cash received by the Company prior to when control of services is transferred to the customer is recorded as deferred revenue.

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(iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract;

and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the advertising services it transfers to the customer.

At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the advertising services promised within each

contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised advertising service is distinct.

The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation based on relative fair values, when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company recognizes revenue primarily from delivering digital advertisements on its owned and operated publishing websites, as well as advertising on partner websites, mobile apps and digital streaming services such as CTV (Connected Television) channels.

Advertising revenues are generated by audiences seeing or clicking on digital advertisements utilizing several advertiser partners.

Revenues are recognized net of adjustments based on the number of advertisements delivered and are billed monthly.

There are no significant initial costs incurred to obtain contracts with customers, and no contract assets or contract liabilities recorded in our consolidated financial statements.

(v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the services it provides to the customer.

At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised service is distinct.

The Company then recognizes revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company generates revenue as follows:

• selling of advertisements placed on the Company’s owned and managed sites, as well as from advertisements placed on partner websites, for which the Company earns a share of the revenue;

• facilitating the real-time buying and selling of advertisements at scale between networks of buyers, known as DSPs and sellers known as SSPs;

• serving advertisers and agencies by providing access to premium resources and leveraging data to optimize programmatic campaigns, where revenue is derived from the planning and execution of creative and media marketing campaigns;

• providing primary and secondary research, competitive intelligence and expert insight to address customer's strategic issues, where revenue is primarily derived from providing a single integrated service for research.

Digital publishing and advertising technology revenues are generated by audiences seeing or clicking on digital advertisements utilizing several advertising partners.

The Company recognizes revenue once the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, on a gross basis, net of adjustments based on the number of advertisements delivered.

Customers are billed monthly or billing is generated via custom content production and extensions on our social media platforms.

Consumer insights revenues are generated by providing primary and secondary research, competitive intelligence, and expert insight to address customers' strategic issues.

The Company recognizes revenue as the services are rendered, by applying the percentage of completion method on a cost-to-cost basis to measure progress toward satisfaction of the performance obligation.

Progress toward satisfaction of the performance obligation is measured based on costs incurred to-date relative to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred in providing services.

The Company does not include costs that do not contribute to its progress toward satisfying its promise to the customer.

Creative services revenues are generated by delivering campaign services to customers.

Some of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations.

For these contracts, we account for the individual performance

obligations separately if they are distinct.

If recurring services are performed, the Company recognizes revenue as the services are rendered over time, generally on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer.

For campaign services that require a one-time deliverable, we recognize revenue once the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time.

Media services revenues are generated through the access to programmatic campaigns.

The Company recognizes revenue as the services are rendered over time, on a ratable basis over the contract term, beginning on the date that the service is made available to the customer.

There is no significant initial cost incurred to obtain contracts with customers.

Deferred Revenue

The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of performance obligations.

The Company expects to recognize the deferred revenue in the following period when it transfers its services and, therefore, satisfies its performance obligation to the customers.

We determine whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification No.

The Company expects to recognize the deferred revenue in the following period when it transfers its services and, therefore, satisfies its performance obligation to the customer.

Cost of Revenue

The Company determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification No.

842, Leases, (ASC 842) .

Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) liability on our consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

A contract is, or contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

Lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date.

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We do not include options to extend or terminate the lease term unless it is reasonably certain that we will exercise any such options.

We recognize rent expense under our operating leases on a straight-line basis.

Variable lease costs such as operating costs and property taxes are expensed as incurred.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We recognize rent expense under our operating leases on a straight-line basis, variable lease costs such as operating costs and property taxes are expensed as incurred.

For finance leases, we record interest expense on the lease liability in addition to amortizing the right-of-use asset (generally straight-line) over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the right-of-use asset.

Accounts Receivable and Allowances

Accounts receivable represent receivables from customers in the ordinary course of business and are recorded in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification No.

310, Receivables, (ASC 310) .

Receivables are recorded at the invoice amount on the date revenue is recognized and are presented net of the allowance for doubtful accounts in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Receivables are subjected to adjustments from traffic settlements that are deducted from open invoices.

Receivables are recorded at the invoice amount on the date revenue is recognized and are presented net of the allowance for current expected credit losses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Certain receivables are subject to adjustments from traffic settlements that are deducted from open invoices.

Our receivables are not interest bearing and not collateralized.

The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts.

We regularly review our receivables that remain outstanding past their applicable payment terms and establish an allowance for potential write-offs by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current and forecasted economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Unbilled receivables are the results of timing differences between billings to clients and is included in accounts receivable.

The allowance for current expected credit losses is based on our assessment of the collectability of customer accounts.

We regularly review our receivables that remain outstanding past their applicable payment terms and establish an allowance for potential write-offs by considering factors including historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable balances, and current and forecasted economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

The policy for determining past due status is based on the contractual payment terms of each customer, which are generally net 30 or net 60 days.

Once collection efforts by the Company is exhausted, the determination for charging off uncollectible receivables is made.

Once collection efforts by the Company are exhausted, the determination for charging off uncollectible receivables is made.

Expected credit losses are recorded as general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Property and Equipment, Net

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Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the useful life of the improvements.

When assets are sold or retired, the applicable cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts.

The resulting gains or losses are reflected in the combined statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

We account for goodwill under FASB Accounting Standards Codification No.

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Goodwill represents the cost in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination.

The Company categorizes Goodwill into two reporting units:

“Owned & Operated” and “Ad Network”.

We allocate goodwill to reporting units based on the expected benefit from business combination.

The Company categorizes goodwill into three reporting units:

“Owned & Operated”, “Ad Network” and “Insights”.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, which are determined through a qualitative assessment.

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If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, there is no impairment.

If not, we compare the fair value with its carrying amount.

To the extent the carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge of the reporting unit’s goodwill would be necessary.

We perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we determined there were no events or circumstances which indicated that the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeded the fair value.

See Note 7, Goodwill to the consolidated financial statements for details regarding goodwill impairment.

Intangible Assets

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Intangible assets include trade name, customer relationships, IP/technology and non-compete agreements.

The Company’s trade name and customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over a useful life of five years.

The Company’s trade name and customer relationships are amortized on a straight-line basis over a useful life of five to ten years.

IP/technology is amortized on a straight-line basis over a useful life of ten years.

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Fair value is determined based on discounted cash flows, appraised values or management’s estimates, depending upon the nature of the assets.

There were no impairment losses related to long-lived assets in any of the periods presented.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue includes payment to third parties for services performed to drive revenue, including revenue share paid for ad exchange on third party sites, advertising fees, and fees paid for content creation, freelancers, writers and sales commissions.

See Note 6, Intangibles, to the consolidated financial statements for details regarding impairment of intangibles.

Website Development Costs

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350, Website Development Costs (ASC 350) .

These costs, if any, are included in intangible assets in the

accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

These costs, if any, are included in intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Upgrades or enhancements that add functionality are capitalized while other costs during the operating stage are expensed as incurred.

The Company amortizes the capitalized website development costs over an estimated life of five years.

As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, all website development costs have been expensed.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, all website development costs have been expensed.

While it is likely that we will have significant amortization expense as we continue to acquire websites, we believe that intangible assets represent costs incurred by the acquired website to build value prior to acquisition and the related amortization and impairment charges of assets, if applicable, are not ongoing costs of doing business.

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718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (ASC 718) .

ASC 718 addresses accounting for share-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock, performance shares and warrant.

Stock-based compensation for stock options to employees and non-employees is based upon the fair value of the award on the date of grant.

ASC 718 addresses accounting for share-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock, performance shares and warrants.

Stock-based compensation for stock option grants to employees and non-employees is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant.

We record forfeitures as they occur.

The compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period, and is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company calculates stock compensation expense using the graded vesting method, which begins expensing each tranche on the expense begin date through the vesting date.

This will result in front-loaded expenses, and is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period, and is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes valuation model.

The expected life represents the term the options granted are expected to be outstanding.

The expected volatility was determined using the historical volatility of similar publicly traded companies.

The expected volatility is determined using the historical volatility of similar publicly traded companies.

The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S.

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The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above should be reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination.

Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax expenses are recognized as tax expenses in the statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax expenses are recognized as tax expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Segment Reporting

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280, Segment Reporting (ASC 280), our Chief Financial Officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance.

There are no segment managers who are held accountable by the Chief Financial Officer, or anyone else, for operations, operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level.

Our components are digital publishing, advertising technology, consumer insights, creative and media services.

There are no segment managers who are held accountable by the Chief Financial Officer, or

anyone else, for operations, operating results and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level.

Accordingly, we determined we have one operating and reportable segment.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2022, there were no off-balance sheet arrangements between us and any other entity that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to shareholders.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no off-balance sheet arrangements between us and any other entity that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to shareholders.

Foreign Currency

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dollars using month-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and actual exchange rates for revenue, costs and expenses on the date of the transaction.

Translation gains and losses are included within “general and administrative expense” on the consolidated statements of operations.

These gains and losses are immaterial to the financial statements.

Translation gains and losses as a result of consolidation are included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

Transaction gains and losses are included within “general and administrative expense” on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

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Compared sentence by sentence after normalising whitespace, quotation marks, case and digits, so re-formatting and restated figures do not read as changed language. Wording changes appear as one removal and one addition. The current filing and the prior one are authoritative.

What changed 10-K

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis